新一代战斗机座舱盖关键技术与设计方案

座舱是战斗机三大电磁散射源之一，座舱盖雷达散射截面（RCS）的减缩技术是实现新一代战斗机全机雷达隐身性能的关键技术。基于新一代战斗机隐身外形平台，座舱盖在隐身技术、透明件结构、抗鸟撞、弹射救生、光学性能、结构变形控制等领域均面临新的挑战。本文以新一代战斗机为背景，研究了座舱盖性能提升的4项关键技术：座舱盖隐身性能提升技术、大型整体座舱盖透明件结构设计技术、复杂曲面座舱盖光学性能仿真优化技术、大尺寸活动部件变形及状态控制技术。经过上述关键技术研究，完成了新一代战斗机座舱盖设计技术体系的升级，促进了新一代战斗机座舱盖技术和性能的跨代提升。     

飞行过程中座舱盖透明件温度计算分析

介绍了飞机座舱盖透明件飞行过程中温度效应的理论计算方法。通过温度载荷计算结果,分析了气动加热对座舱盖透明件产生热应力的影响,为飞机座舱盖透明件疲劳定寿中考虑其影响提供了思路和方法。     

座舱盖抛放过程中的非定常气动特性研究

通过对N-S方程的数值求解模拟了座舱盖在静止和旋转两种状态下的气动力分布,分析了来流马赫数、旋转角速度以及迎角对气动系数的影响,研究了座舱盖自由抛放过程的非定常效应,并最终建立了预测座舱盖自由抛放过程气动系数的气动系数图。计算表明:(1)非定常效应是影响抛放过程座舱盖气动力分布的主要因素;(2)外形左右对称的座舱盖,均有非定常气动系数平均值与无量纲角速度成线性关系的规律,而且变化斜率几乎与舱盖形状尺寸等无关。     

飞机座舱盖热疲劳试验台设计研究

建立了座舱盖热疲劳试验台试验段流动及换热计算模型,并通过与试验结果的对比及分析,验证了模型的正确性。基于大量数值计算结果及分析提出了座舱盖导流罩型面新的设计思想和设计方案,采用根据该方案修改的导流罩外形,解决了试验中座舱盖前后缘温差超标的问题。     

某型飞机新旧座舱盖有机玻璃的疲劳性能研究

对某型飞机新成型座舱盖及使用后座舱盖有机玻璃的疲劳性能进行了试验研究.利用升降法试验得到了指定目标寿命下两种不同情况有机玻璃的条件疲劳极限,利用三参数法拟合得到了两种情况有机玻璃的S-N曲线.对新成型座舱盖及使用后座舱盖有机玻璃的疲劳性能进行了对比分析.对比分析的结果表明,与新成型座舱盖相比,使用后座舱盖有机玻璃的疲劳性能没有显著下降.     

座舱盖静载荷数值模拟及其应用

建立了计算飞机座舱盖静载荷的数学模型,并以某型飞机座舱盖为例模拟了不同飞行状态座舱盖内、外表面受力分布,研究了飞机座舱盖载荷随飞行状态改变而变化的趋势,最后部分给出了座舱盖静载荷在座舱盖抛放过程中所起作用的分析.结果表明:(1)在对流层内,座舱盖外表面气动力系数只是飞行马赫数的函数,与飞行高度无关;(2)座舱盖最大静载荷出现在飞行包线最大飞行高度,飞行马赫数为1的位置;(3)大部分飞行状态下,静载荷产生的绕座舱盖后铰点转动力矩都要大于活塞推力所产生力矩.     

K8飞机座舱盖有机玻璃破裂原因分析

通过对Ｋ８飞机座舱盖ＭＹＢ－３＾＃有要玻璃断口进行宏观及微观分析,揭示了该座舱盖有机玻璃破裂的主要原因,并找到了划伤深度对有机玻璃疲劳寿命影响的规律。     

飞机舱盖重心位置对舱盖抛放轨迹影响的数值模拟

 通过求解雷诺平均N-S方程,应用嵌套动网格技术结合6-DOF运动方程,成功实现了F/A-18C战机的座舱盖抛放轨迹的数值模拟。同时,分析了座舱盖重心位置的不同对舱盖飞行轨迹和飞行姿态的影响,得出F/A-18C战机座舱盖的重心后移能缩短抛放时间,优化飞行轨迹的结论。     

弹射过程座舱盖抛放轨迹的预测

通过分析座舱盖在各个不同抛放阶段的受力关系,并着重考虑了抛放过程中气动系数的修正和铆钉剪切的影响,最终建立了座舱盖抛放轨迹的预测模型.该模型可广泛用于预测不同型号座舱盖在各种飞行状态下的抛放轨迹.算例表明计算结果与实验数据一致,证明了模型的实用性和有效性.     

用固体火箭发动机抛放飞机座舱盖的探索

文中对用固体火箭发动机应急打开并抛弃座舱盖方案进行了探索。并根据飞机座舱盖抛放总体方案的要求,确定了固体火箭发动机的设计参数。通过地面试验说明该方案是切实可行的。所设计的固体火箭发动机,其性能满足总体要求。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.