飞机大振幅滚转运动动态气动特性实验研究

在南航NH-2低速风洞中,对BJ-1飞机模型动态气动特性进行了实验研究.模型在不同攻角、不同振幅和不同频率时绕体轴作大振幅滚转运动,测量了模型的动态气动特性,着重分析了模型不同运动参数对模型滚转力矩和偏航力矩的影响.结果表明,模型攻角从小到大变化过程中,模型的滚转阻尼和偏航阻尼变化很大,滚转力矩和偏航力矩迟滞环变化方向发生改变.模型滚转频率对模型的滚转阻尼和偏航阻尼影响不明显,只改变力矩迟滞环的大小.随着模型振幅增加,滚转力矩和偏航力矩迟滞环从一个变成3个,出现2个交叉点,大滚转角时滚转阻尼和偏航阻尼特性与小滚转角时的相反.     

一种无卫星辅助的制导弹药滚转角误差修正算法

针对海军舰载制导弹药MEMS惯导系统在卫星失锁后滚转角误差较大的问题，提出了一种不依赖卫星的制导弹药误差修正算法。根据弹体高速旋转时的定轴性使得短期内弹体侧向位移为零的特点，建立了弹体发射坐标系导航误差方程。利用自适应扩展Kalman滤波估计与修正卫星失效条件下的滚转角误差。为了检测并抑制量测突变引起的随机误差，使用自适应因子来调整滤波器参数。车载模拟试验和弹道仿真结果表明，10s对准时间内，滚转角误差能够收敛到0.5°以内，满足制导弹药控制精度的要求, 降低了制导弹药飞行过程中对卫星导航的依赖，提高了系统的自主性。     

BTT导弹地形跟踪/地形回避控制器设计方法

针对倾斜转弯(BTT)导弹地形跟踪/地形回避控制任务,在弹体坐标系下建立了导弹的动力学数学模型,将滚转通道独立解耦,俯仰-偏航通道耦合设计;依据H_∞混合灵敏度理论,设计了俯仰-偏航通道过载控制器和滚转通道滚转角控制器;通过六自由度非线性仿真,验证了设计方法的有效性。     

细长三角翼滚转/侧滑耦合运动效应分析

通过耦合求解NS方程组和刚体动力学方程组,数值研究了80°后掠三角翼自由滚转/自由侧滑的耦合运动特性。通过与单自由度翼摇滚特性比较,发现滚转/侧滑耦合条件下三角翼的摇滚现象更为剧烈:在相同的滚转角下,耦合运动的滚转角速度更大,具有相同角速度时,耦合运动所达到的滚转角更大。研究表明:滚转/侧滑耦合条件下,涡流的非对称迟滞振荡仍是维持三角翼周期性等幅摇滚振荡的流动机理;摇滚过程中法向力的侧向分力是产生侧滑运动的主要原因;左滚右侧滑、右滚左侧滑是三角翼滚转/侧滑双自由度耦合运动的作动机制;侧滑运动的引入,导致迎角和侧滑角随滚转角迟滞变化,强化了三角翼摇滚过程中的迟滞效应,加剧流动结构的非对称特性。     

基于视觉信息的无人机自主着陆过程姿态角简化计算方法

研究了一种基于地平面算法的无人机着陆过程中姿态角估算的改进方法。通过地面坐标系到摄像机坐标系的转换矩阵、机体坐标系到摄像机坐标系的变换矩阵、机体坐标系到地面坐标系的变换矩阵求解,确定无人机的姿态信息;利用无人机着陆过程中跑道的图像地平线和跑道数据等特征提取,在获取摄像机姿态角的基础上,计算无人机的滚转角和俯仰角,用跑道特征来估算无人机偏航角;通过矩阵变换解算出无人机的姿态角,并通过仿真进行了实验验证。该方法对摄像机的安装位置没有特殊的要求,解除了传统方法对摄像机安装位置的限制,简化了无人机姿态信息的求解方法。     

飞行器双自由度耦合振荡的数值模拟方法

针对模拟双自由度(2DOF)运动的"PQR"强迫振荡试验装置,通过坐标变换,将机构运动转化为空间欧拉角进行表示,实现对机构俯仰/偏航、俯仰/滚转和偏航/滚转等3种耦合运动的统一描述,采用预定运动轨迹的动网格计算技术,构造了基于非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes(URANS)方程的飞行器双自由度振荡数值模拟方法。围绕某复杂构型飞行器低速流动,在模型迎角10°、滚转角±40°、偏航角±40°振荡预设条件下分别对单自由度偏航、滚转振荡和双自由度偏航/滚转振荡进行了模拟,得到的气动系数迟滞回线在形态和量值上与风洞试验结果吻合,证明当前方法可以作为飞行器复杂耦合运动的一种有效研究手段。针对偏航/滚转耦合振荡,从运动形式和气动特性上与单独偏航、滚转运动进行了对比分析,结果表明,耦合运动在气流角、绕体轴的旋转角速度等方面与单自由度叠加效果不同,力矩系数迟滞回线存在曲线交叉的现象,表现出与单自由度振荡不同的阻尼特性。在当前模拟状态下,偏航/滚转振荡流场以横向分离涡运动为主要特征,可以推测大迎角情况下纵横向分离涡流动结构更加复杂,耦合作用更强,需要进一步在分离流模拟方法上开展研究。     

舰载机横侧向着舰控制律研究

研究了舰载机横侧向着舰控制律。建立了舰尾气流扰动下的舰载机横侧向数学模型;提出了基于滚转角指令控制方式的舰载机横侧向着舰控制律设计思想,并分析了滚转角指令控制方式的优点;采用SHL神经网络动态逆控制方法设计了横侧向着舰控制律;对舰载机滚转角、航迹侧滑角和偏航角进行了数值仿真。结果表明,横侧向滚转角指令控制系统对飞行状态变化具有良好的鲁棒性和解耦能力,对舰尾气流扰动的敏感性远低于滚转角速率指令控制系统,能较好地满足着舰控制要求。     

基于AVR32的小型磁航向系统设计

现有的磁航向测量系统体积、重量、功耗偏大,并且调试、误差补偿算法复杂、整体费用偏高,针对这些问题,设计了一个在小角度俯仰、滚转情况下的小型磁航向测量系统.该系统采用带DSP指令的32位高速处理芯片AVR32 UC3B0256、新型倾角传感器SCA100T以及磁阻传感器HMC 1022构成数字化解算平台,实现了误差补偿.实验数据显示,在水平状态下,磁航向测量值最大误差为±1.4；当俯仰角低于30°或滚转角低于35°时,随着角度的增加,磁航向输出误差变化不大,最大误差分别为3.7°和2.8°;当俯仰角超过30°或滚转角超过35°时,磁航向输出误差会急速增大.结果表明,该系统在小角度俯仰、滚转情况下具有较准确的磁航向角解算能力.     

基于单目视觉的三点测量滚转角方法

确定轴对称物体的滚转角是光学测量的重要内容,具有十分广泛的工程应用背景。本文提出一种单像机测量滚转角的新方法,通过3个控制点即可完全确定物体滚转角。仿真数据计算证明了该方法的正确性和可行性。     

滚转弹两框架导引头的前馈补偿技术

针对弹体滚转情况下两框架平台式导引头的伺服控制问题,基于导引头运动学和动力学,建立了导引头稳定回路模型。结合弹体滚转条件下的导引头输入指令和输出视线角速率关系,构建了视线闭环回路。针对偏航、俯仰通道间的解耦控制问题,推导出解耦条件,要求两通道由失调角到光轴转动角速度的传递函数相同。仿真分析了该模型在视线角输入以及弹体姿态扰动输入时,弹体滚转对导引头跟踪精度产生的影响,并由此提出了滚转角速度前馈补偿控制方案。结果表明,采用结合滚转角前馈补偿控制的两框架平台式导引头方案可以满足滚转弹的制导精度要求。     

初始运行条件对空间飞行器飞行影响研究

某试验型微小空间飞行器用于检测空间探测技术,通过对该飞行器运动轨迹及姿态变化的研究,对比分析空间探测技术的实时响应和检测精度。针对发射过程中,扰动会改变空间飞行器自由飞行过程的初始运行条件的问题,建立计及环境因素的空间飞行器轨道动力学和基于欧拉方程的姿态动力学模型,并对飞行器在不同初始运行条件下的运动过程进行数值研究。结果表明:改变初始条件,飞行器运动过程将产生不同程度的变化;入轨初速度越大,飞行器轨道离心率和周期越大;非零发射角将引起轨道偏移和旋转,俯仰发射角主要引起俯仰角变化,偏航发射角主要影响滚转角和偏航角,并且角度越大,幅度越大;自转角速度越大,姿态角变化越小。     

Impact point prediction guidance based on iterative process for dual-spin projectile with fixed canards

The fixed canards configuration of a dual-spin projectile makes it difficult to apply the traditional guidance law. In this study, a modified impact point prediction guidance strategy based on an iterative process was developed for a class of dual-spin projectiles with fixed canards, to reduce the impact point dispersion. The guidance strategy is dependent on the modified projectile linear theory to rapidly predict the flight states and the impact point. For projectiles with control applied to the trajectory, the modified projectile linear theory method is known to achieve poor impact point prediction. To improve the prediction accuracy, improvements were made to the modified projectile linear theory by considering the products of the yaw rate and other small quantities. The guidance strategy is based on the iterative process for the continuous adjustment of the expected output of the roll angle of the course correction fuze, to minimize the direction error between the predicted impact point and target location. Studies were conducted on a model dual-spin projectile configuration to demonstrate the guidance details. The numerical simulations indicate that the proposed guidance strategy can effectively reduce the projectile impact point dispersion.     

An adaptive attitude algorithm based on a current statistical model for maneuvering acceleration

A current statistical model for maneuvering acceleration using an adaptive extended Kalman filter(CS-MAEKF) algorithm is proposed to solve problems existing in conventional extended Kalman filters such as large estimation error and divergent tendencies in the presence of continuous maneuvering acceleration. A membership function is introduced in this algorithm to adaptively modify the upper and lower limits of loitering vehicles' maneuvering acceleration and for realtime adjustment of maneuvering acceleration variance. This allows the algorithm to have superior static and dynamic performance for loitering vehicles undergoing different maneuvers. Digital simulations and dynamic flight testing show that the yaw angle accuracy of the algorithm is 30% better than conventional algorithms, and pitch and roll angle calculation precision is improved by 60%.The mean square deviation of heading and attitude angle error during dynamic flight is less than3.05°. Experimental results show that CS-MAEKF meets the application requirements of miniature loitering vehicles.     

Installation error calibration for MEMS angular measurement system in hypersonic wind tunnel

The accuracy of model attitude measurement has an important impact on wind tunnel test results. Microelectromechanical System Inertial Measurement Unit (MEMS IMU) provides a feasible way to measure model attitudes with high accuracy. However, the installation error between MEMS IMU coordinate system and the body coordinate system of test models can make the accuracy of the model attitude measurement decrease. In wind tunnel tests, the installation error depends on the relationship between the IMU and the model mechanism before tests. Therefore, in-field calibration in wind tunnel tests is necessary to reduce installation errors. To improve attitude measurement accuracy, the least squares quaternion calibration method based on MEMS IMU and six-position calibration procedure are proposed. High-precision three-axis turntable tests are performed. The pitch accuracy after calibration is higher than that before calibration in the angle of attack sweeping tests. The Root-Mean-Square Errors (RMSE) in the roll and yaw are within 0.01°, which are smaller than those before calibration. In the roll sweeping tests, RMSE of three attitude angles decrease significantly. In hypersonic wind tunnel tests, the pitch errors before and after calibration are within 0.05° and 0.02° in the angle of attack sweeping tests without wind. In five angle of attack sweeping tests with wind, the deviation between the mean of the pitch and the pitch after the elastic angle correction is within 0.03° and the standard deviation of five tests is within 0.01°. The proposed method is confirmed to enhance the accuracy of attitude measurement effectively, which is convenient for engineering applications.     

民用飞机总压探头布局位置气动分析方法

民用飞机通过机载大气数据传感器测量飞机所处环境下的大气总压与静压，并计算空速。为研究民用飞机总压传感器布局位置的气动特性，采用CFD数值计算手段得到不同迎角和侧滑角工况下机头附近的流场，通过候选总压探头布局位置的局部气流角度和探头总压损失曲线获得不同工况下的总压损失和空速误差。当局部角度曲线斜率低且各曲线聚集时，是总压探头的理想最优布局位置，探头局部气流角对迎角和侧滑角均不敏感，能同时保证横向和纵向气动特性最优；通过探头位置的局部气流角度并结合风洞试验获得的总压损失系数分布曲线进行总压损失预估，该方法对总压损失的预测准确有效,预测精度满足要求，可用来进行空速误差估算；总压探头布局位置的选取需结合民用飞机实际运行的侧滑角/迎角包线综合判断。     

Variable structure robust flight control system for the F-14

In this paper, a flight control law for a simplified F-14 aircraft model is designed based on variable structure control (VSC) theory. For m-input, q-output linear uncertain systems (q相似文献   

Beam-pointing error compensation method of phased array radar seeker with phantom-bit technology

A phased array radar seeker (PARS) must be able to effectively decouple body motion and accurately extract the line-of-sight (LOS) rate for target missile tracking.In this study,the real time two-channel beam pointing error (BPE) compensation method of PARS for LOS rate extraction is designed.The PARS discrete beam motion principium is analyzed,and the mathematical model of beam scanning control is finished.According to the principle of the antenna element shift phase,both the antenna element shift phase law and the causes of beam-pointing error under phantom-bit conditions are analyzed,and the effect of BPE caused by phantom-bit technology (PBT) on the extraction accuracy of the LOS rate is examined.A compensation method is given,which includes coordinate transforms,beam angle margin compensation,and detector dislocation angle calculation.When the method is used,the beam angle margin in the pitch and yaw directions is calculated to reduce the effect of the missile body disturbance and to improve LOS rate extraction precision by compensating for the detector dislocation angle.The simulation results validate the proposed method.     

里程计初始标定及误差分析

介绍了里程计的初始标定计算方法,利用该方法计算出里程计刻度系数和 航向安装偏差角。在此基础上建立了里程计刻度系数的标定误差模型和航向安装偏差角 的标定误差模型,分析各因素对里程计刻度系数标定和航向安装偏差角标定的影响,并 对误差模型简化,得出影响里程计标定的主要因素是初始航向角误差和Z 轴陀螺漂移。 最后,进行数学仿真,仿真结果与分析结果一致。     

一种改进的巡飞弹侧向运动解耦设计

针对巡飞弹侧向平面内诸多不对称因素带来的航向通道和滚转通道强耦合这一特点,研究了巡飞弹侧向运动的耦合特性和解耦控制问题.由于传统的静态补偿器设计模型计算量大、适用性有限,为此提出了静态上三角形式补偿器的一般模型,该模型采用逆奈奎斯特阵列法,保留了巡飞弹侧向通道传递函数矩阵第二行的行优势性,然后具体针对格氏圆圆心密集区域...     

旋转弹体马格努斯效应数值模拟方法研究

旋转的弹体通常会存在马格努斯效应,严重影响飞行稳定性和弹道轨迹。提出基于旋转壁面法的多对称面弹体旋转效应数值模拟方法,无需借助动网格和多参考系模型,仅需要将旋转速度附加壁面,即可使用定常方法模拟马格努斯效应;同时,使用SOCBT标准弹体模型对该方法进行验证分析。结果表明:计算值与试验值吻合较好;由于旋转引起的附面层堆积以及大攻角分离效应、激波的干扰,计算时附面层的网格节点要足够密,并且应该针对不同的攻角选择精度与效率兼顾的计算模型。