AZ91D镁合金表面激光等离子复合喷涂Al-Si/Al+Al2O3涂层的研究

利用一种全新的激光等离子同时复合喷涂加工技术,成功在AZ91D镁合金表面制备了Al-Si/Al+Al2O3涂层,并研究了激光功率对涂层结构和性能的影响.利用SEM、光学显微镜法、XRD、显微硬度计等分析测试手段研究了在不同激光功率下的涂层形貌、孔隙率、相组成、显微硬度.结果表明:Al-Si过渡层明显改善了涂层与基体的结...     

大气等离子喷涂热障涂层高温氧化行为研究

采用等离子喷涂工艺在GH4099合金基体上制备了热障涂层，并进行了1050℃恒温氧化试验，综合利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析仪等检测手段，分析了涂层的显微结构及高温氧化行为。结果表明：等离子喷涂（APS）热障涂层在高温氧化过程中，黏结层被氧化生成热生长氧化物（TGO）。但长时间氧化后，在与TGO毗邻的金属黏结层中产生了范围较窄但浓度变化较大的贫Al带，TGO层出现保护性Al2O3向非保护性混合氧化物转变的现象，导致致密Al2O3层的连续性被破坏，TGO厚度快速增加。     

真空预氧化处理对热障涂层静态氧化行为的影响

利用超音速火焰喷涂技术在DZ40M合金表面制备了Ni Co Cr Al Y粘结层,采用等离子喷涂技术在粘结层表面制备了陶瓷面层,并对整体热障涂层进行了真空预氧化处理。通过高温静态氧化实验研究了真空预氧化对热障涂层的氧化行为的影响。结果表明:真空预处理可在MCr Al Y粘结层和陶瓷面层的界面处形成连续、致密的α-Al2O3层;在1050℃下氧化800h后,喷涂态涂层TGO中除α-Al2O3外,还生成了大量尖晶石氧化物,而预氧化涂层TGO则以α-Al2O3为主;预氧化处理有效抑制了涂层在高温氧化过程中尖晶石氧化物的形成,从而降低了整体氧化膜的生长速率。     

Fe-Al／Al2O3梯度涂层制备过程中的热机械行为

在分析涂层中热应力产生机理的基础上,根据等离子喷涂制备过程中的实际受热条件和力学原理,建立了估算制备引起的涂层热应力的计算模型,并依此估算了Fe3Al-Al2O3涂层中的制备应力.通过对涂层微观结构的SEM观察,研究了Fe3Al-Al2O3涂层制备过程中的热机械行为特征及其对涂层性能的影响.结果表明,在梯度涂层中,随着组成成分的变化,热机械性能参量与制备应力均相应变化.最大热应力产生于梯度涂层的底层,从基体到表面沿厚度方向热应力逐渐减小.梯度涂层中的最大应力与平均应力值都小于单一Al2O3涂层中的热应力值.涂层与基体的热失配是涂层中热应力产生的根本原因.涂层成分的梯度化,可有效地缓和制备过程中的热应力.     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔Al_2O_3-13wt%TiO_2复合陶瓷涂层组织结构

采用等离子喷涂和激光重熔复合工艺在TiAl合金表面制备了Al2O3-13wt%TiO2复合陶瓷涂层.为了减少重熔层裂纹等缺陷,采用较低的激光功率和能最密度进行重熔.用扫描电镜(SEM),能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层形貌、微观结构和相组成.结果表明,经过激光重熔处理后,陶瓷涂层颗粒细化,片层状组织得以消失,致密性提高,获得了基本没有裂纹等缺陷的重熔层;激光重熔亚稳相γ-Al2O3转变为稳定相α-Al2O3;由于陶瓷材料导热系数较低的影响,激光重熔时无法使整个陶瓷层实现重熔,重熔后的陶瓷涂层形成了晶粒细小的等轴品重熔区、烧结区以及片层状残余等离子喷涂区.     

三种热喷涂工艺制备NiCr/Cr_3C_2-BaF_2·CaF_2涂层的结构与性能

采用大气等离子喷涂、爆炸喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂三种热喷涂技术制备了NiCr／Cr3C2-BaF2·CaF2涂层，分析比较了涂层的显微组织、物相组成、孔隙率、硬度、结合强度及其摩擦学性能。结果表明，与大气等离子喷涂相比，超音速火焰喷涂和爆炸喷涂技术制备的涂层具有更高的致密度、硬度和结合强度。采用包覆法制备的粉末进行喷涂，碳化物失碳明显减少，涂层中氧化物含量低。三种NiCr／Cr3C2-BaF2·CaF2热喷涂涂层的摩擦系数都随着温度的升高而减小，爆炸喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂涂层的摩擦系数比等离子喷涂涂层的摩擦系数更低，耐磨性得到提高。高温下BaF2·CaF2润滑膜的形成均可有效降低三种涂层的摩擦系数，从而降低涂层和对磨球Si3N4的磨损率。     

纳米Al2O3添加对ZrO2涂层显微结构与性能的影响

以纳米Al2O3,和ZrO2为原料,利用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)沉积了ZrO2,ZrO2-15%Al2O3,(体积分数,下同)和ZrO2-30%Al2O3三种涂层.运用FESEM,SEM,TEM,XRD和Raman Spectroscopy等分析技术对涂层相组成、显微结构进行了确定.测定了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度等性能.结果表明:Al2O3添加并不改变ZrO2涂层主晶相组成,但主晶相拉曼峰明显展宽.Al2O3颗粒以非晶形式存在于ZrO2颗粒间,有利于ZrO2涂层的增强增韧性能.ZrO2涂层中可观测到团簇颗粒与层状结构组成的双模结构.ZrO2涂层的沉积效率、结合强度与显微硬度可明显提高,有利于ZrO2涂层使用寿命与抗摩擦性能的改善.     

NiCrAlY涂层抗氧化性及氧化过程中的微观结构演变

采用低压等离子喷涂技术在镍基铸造高温合金K438基体上制备NiCrAlY涂层,研究涂层和基体在950℃下恒温氧化100h的氧化动力学规律。采用SEM、EDS和XRD等检测涂层和基体经不同时间氧化后的微观结构演变和元素分布。结果显示:涂层氧化增重缓慢,氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律,100h后表面形成一层厚度1.5μm左右致密Al2O3保护膜;基体开始时氧化增重迅速,60h之后发生破坏性氧化,基体开始迅速失重。EDS分析显示:元素在涂层氧化过程中发生缓慢扩散,扩散距离达到90μm,涂层的结构更加致密。     

CeO_2含量对Nd_2Ce_xO_(3+2x)热障涂层性能的影响

采用高温固相法合成了Nd2CexO3+2x(x=2.0,2.25,2.5,2.75,3.0)复合氧化物,在高温合金基体上采用等离子喷涂制备了该材料热障涂层.XRD分析结果表明Nd2CexO3+2x粉末和涂层均为立方萤石晶体结构.考察了CeO2含量对Nd2CexO3+2x的力学性能(弹性模量、维氏硬度和断裂韧性)和等离子喷涂涂层在1250℃抗热震性能的影响.随着CeO2含量增加,材料的弹性模量降低,维氏硬度和断裂韧性提高.通过提高初始粉末中CeO2的含量,获得了组成接近化学计量比Nd2Ce2O7的涂层,涂层的抗热震性能增强,热循环次数达到1000次以上.Nd2CexO3+2x涂层的失效原因主要是:与金属基体之间热膨胀系数不匹配、粘结层氧化和涂层烧结.     

长寿命热障涂层的剥落机理及抗剥落结构设计

涂覆于高温合金热端部件表面的热障涂层,具有隔热防护作用,属新一代燃气轮机的关键核心技术。等离子喷涂制备的热障涂层隔热性能好,但长时间高温服役后存在开裂剥落问题,引发基体烧蚀、造成巨大经济损失。因此,发展长寿命热障涂层是该技术领域的重大难题。本文从等离子喷涂热障涂层的独特层状结构特征入手,阐述涂层在高温服役中结构和性能的演变规律,揭示涂层剥落失效机理,总结长寿命热障涂层设计方法。研究表明,等离子喷涂热障涂层呈现以连通2D孔隙为主的层状多孔结构,具有优异的隔热功能和协调应变能力。然而,涂层在高温服役中发生烧结,2D孔隙大量消失,涂层显著刚化,使热障涂层开裂驱动力急剧增加,引发微观裂纹扩展并贯通形成大尺度裂纹,导致涂层最终剥落失效。据此,分别从降低开裂驱动力和增加开裂阻力两方面着手,总结抗开裂新结构涂层设计方法,为研发长寿命热障涂层指明了发展方向。在未来研究中,如何保证涂层高隔热和长寿命并同时兼顾经济性,是发展新一代高性能热障涂层的重点方向。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows (Reφup to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the (non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity Vφ/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation Vφ/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.