民机机头复合材料风挡结构鸟撞分析

在鸟体撞击风挡结构过程中,鸟体与风挡结构撞击相对速度很大,呈现出流体特性,属于典型的流固耦合瞬态冲击动力学问题。首先针对文献中的鸟撞铝板试验采用任意的拉格朗日-欧拉(ALE)流固耦合方法进行了分析,对计算方法与鸟体模型进行了验证。然后建立了包括风挡玻璃、风挡骨架以及蒙皮在内的民机全尺寸风挡结构抗鸟撞动响应分析的有限元模型,进行了鸟撞数值模拟,其中风挡骨架与蒙皮采用复合材料。全尺寸的复合材料风挡骨架目前还没有应用到民机上,因此,对复合材料风挡结构的研究是很有意义的。     

飞机层合风挡鸟撞击有限元数值模拟

建立了鸟撞击层合风挡三维有限元分析模型,对层合材料采用具有失效模型的率型本构模型,用非线性接触-碰撞有限元程序模拟了飞机层合风挡的鸟撞击动响应过程,给出了层合风挡鸟撞的计算实例,讨论了层合风挡结构被鸟冲击变形破坏的机理,数值模拟结果为层合风挡抗鸟撞击叠层设计提供了理论依据。     

风挡玻璃的抗鸟撞设计问题综述

风挡玻璃抗鸟撞性能直接影响到飞机的飞行安全,因此,在风挡的设计时必须充分考虑风挡的抗鸟撞性能。本文就大型运输机和民机风挡的抗鸟撞设计问题进行了详细论述。     

鸟撞风挡问题分析方法研究

在鸟体撞击风挡结构过程中,鸟体与风挡相对撞击速度非常大,是飞机结构损伤的重要因素,严重时会引发机毁人亡的灾难性事故。本文基于鸟撞风挡问题,采用对比分析的方法,对目前鸟撞风挡问题的地面试验法、工程计算法及有限元仿真法进行了详细介绍,比较了不同方法的适用条件、范围及其优劣；最后选取某飞机风挡层合玻璃作为研究对象,采用有限元仿真法,建立了风挡鸟撞模型,利用任意拉格朗日欧拉耦合法(ALE)完成了相关分析,得到了鸟撞风挡的变形及其速度、加速度等参数,通过比较分析结果,为飞机风挡设计提供参考。     

无机/有机复合圆弧风挡抗鸟撞能力数值分析

利用非线性动力响应有限元分析程序(DYNA3D),对无机/有机复合圆弧风挡的设计方案的抗鸟撞能力进行了数值模拟分析.根据数值分析得到的应力、应变和位移等结果,采用3.5mmGlass+2.5mmPU+10PMMA结构的风挡可抵抗550km/h的鸟撞击.分析结果的可靠性得到后来试验结果的证实.     

用SPH和有限元方法研究鸟撞飞机风挡问题

鸟与飞行中的飞机相撞是飞机结构损坏的重要因素,严重时会引发机毁人亡的灾难性事故。对高速低空飞行的军用飞机而言,风挡部分抗鸟撞的研究对保证飞行安全尤其重要。基于飞机圆弧风挡受鸟体撞击的实验观察,建立了国产某型军用飞机圆弧风挡及鸟体的计算模型,采用LS-DYNA3D中有限元和光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)耦合的数值分析方法,对某飞机圆弧风挡受鸟体撞击的过程进行了数值模拟。计算结果得到了风挡结构的变形、位移和应变等几方面的数据,与实验结果基本吻合。同时,给出了500～650km/h速度范围内的撞击力和应力时程曲线、风挡发生破坏的临界撞速、圆弧风挡经受鸟体撞击时发生破坏的可能位置及其破坏方式。最后,与鸟体采用任意拉格朗日(ALE)和无网格伽辽金方法(EFG)进行了对比,验证了SPH方法在分析鸟撞问题中的优越性。研究结果为风挡的安全设计和研制新机型提供了有价值的数据。     

飞机风挡鸟撞动响应分析方法研究

建立了鸟体模型和风挡玻璃破坏准则,形成了一套完整的风挡鸟撞动响应分析方法。并对某型号风挡进行了鸟撞动响应分析,得出了鸟的运动轨迹和风挡的位移、应力、应变响应以及风挡玻璃的鸟撞临界速度,经与试验结果比较,两者吻合较好。     

基于可靠性的飞机风挡抗鸟撞优化设计

传统的飞机风挡设计通常在确定的工况下进行,未能充分考虑实际鸟撞风挡过程中不确定性因素的影响,导致飞机鸟撞风挡的故障多发。综合考虑鸟撞飞机风挡过程中鸟体材料参数、质量、撞击速度等不确定因素的影响,以飞机风挡抗鸟撞的可靠度为约束,风挡质量为目标,基于双循环方法和近似技术建立了风挡抗鸟撞可靠性优化设计系统,利用一阶矩法进行可靠性分析,对某飞机风挡进行了基于可靠性的优化设计。实例分析证明所建风挡抗鸟撞可靠性优化设计系统可行有效。     

圆弧风挡的抗鸟撞分析计算

叙述了圆弧风挡抗鸟撞分析计算的必要性，并详细地介绍了风挡结构的受力分析，模型简化及计算方法，最后以某型飞机为例验证了该方法和计算结果，即风挡的变形，应力分布规律与试验结果吻合的非常好，该方法对今后圆弧风挡的设计和试验具有一定的指导意义。     

直升机风挡及附属结构抗鸟撞性能分析

建立直升机前机身风挡及附属框架有限元模型,根据鸟体材料特性,建立了基于Lagrange元的鸟体有限元模型。考虑撞击风挡框架及玻璃中间部位两种工况,利用基于多学科的MD Nastran显式非线性方法,设置鸟体与撞击部位的接触方式及撞击时间,并求得撞击过程的时间步长,分析每个步长下风挡玻璃及附属结构的动态响应,绘制它们的最大应力及变形变化曲线,对比设计要求,最后得出:风挡玻璃及附属结构满足抗鸟撞设计要求。     

跨流域高超声速绕流Boltzmann模型方程并行算法

通过对Boltzmann方程碰撞积分进行模型化处理,提出了统一描述各流域复杂高超声速流动输运现象的气体分子速度分布函数控制方程,使用离散速度坐标法对分布函数方程所依赖的速度空间离散降维,构造出直接求解分子速度分布函数的气体动理论耦合迭代数值格式,研制了复杂飞行器高超声速绕流气动热力学计算模型。基于对气体动理论数值计算方法内在并行性、变量依赖关系、数据通信与并行可扩展性的分析研究,使用区域分解并行化方法提出了新型的气体动理论数值算法并行方案;研究了数据的并行分布与并行执行特征,开展了大规模的并行化程序设计,构造了可稳定运行于成千上万CPU的高性能并行算法,用以模拟各流域复杂飞行器的高超声速绕流问题。以稀薄流到连续流环境下不同Knudsen数、不同马赫数的可重复使用类球锥卫星体及翼身组合复杂飞行器等气动力、热绕流问题为研究对象展开大规模并行计算,并进行算法验证,所得计算结果与理论分析、直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法(DSMC)的模拟值及有关实验数据吻合较好,揭示了飞行器跨流域高超声速下的复杂流动机理与变化规律,提供了一条能够可靠模拟高超声速飞行器跨流域气动力及热问题的统一的算法应用研究途径。     

μ理论在电液负载模拟器中的应用

 研究μ理论在电液负载模拟器中的应用，提出电液负载模拟器的鲁棒控制策略。电液负载模拟器是一个复杂的机-电-液复合系统，且是一个强耦合、时变受控对象。综合考虑参数变化、模型变动和干扰等不确定性的影响，利用μ综合控制理论设计电液负载模拟器的鲁棒力控制器，并通过μ分析使用鲁棒力控制器时系统的鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能。给出使用鲁棒力控制器和经典力控制器时的实验结果，实验结果表明所设计鲁棒力控制器的有效性和优越性。     

基于圆型限制性三体问题模型的行星卫星逃逸能量研究

 基于由飞行器、行星及其卫星组成圆型限制性三体问题模型，通过庞加莱映射的方法，研究了飞行器从行星卫星附近逃逸的问题。在Jacobi常数确定的前提下，通过逆向积分，飞行器从L1或L2点附近返回近月点，得到近月点速度出发速度。研究结果表明绕飞L1点和L2点逃逸行星卫星需要的最低能量是不同的，从月球表面逃逸所需的速度脉冲分别比开普勒算法节省46.5m/s和42.3m/s，且均小于Villac等人在Hill模型下得到38.9m/s，从而改进了Villac等人的相关工作，同时也给出了从太阳系主要行星卫星表面逃逸所需的最小能量。     

Model Development and Adaptive Imbalance Vibration Control of Magnetic Suspended System

对星载磁悬浮单框架控制力矩陀螺,建立其转子的平动与转动的动力学方程。所建模型反映了转子的动、静不平衡特性,以及转子运动与框架、星体运动的耦合关系。模型是主动磁悬浮控制与动框架效应分析的基础。对动、静不平衡量未知的转子,设计了自适应对中控制器。在分散PD、比例交叉反馈控制器与高低通滤波器的基础上,通过动、静不平衡量的辨识与补偿控制,使转子绕其惯量主轴旋转,衰减角动量交换执行机构高速转子因不平衡而对基座产生的干扰力,消除星上主要颤振源,达到降低卫星姿态抖动的目的。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Love Waves in Layered Graded Composite Structures with Imperfectly Bonded Interface

Theoretical analysis and numerical calculations of Love wave propagation in layered graded composites with imperfectly bonded interface are described in this paper. On the basis of WKB method, the approximate analytic solutions for Love waves are obtained. By the interface shear spring model, the dispersion relations for Love waves in layered graded composite structures with rigid, slip, and imperfectly bonded interfaces are given, and the effects of the interface conditions on the phase velocities of Love waves in SiC/Al lay- ered graded composites are discussed. Numerical analysis shows that the phase velocity decreases when the defined flexibility parameter is greater. For the general imperfectly bonded interface, the phase velocity changes in the range of the velocities for the rigid and slip interface conditions.     

Experimental Investigation on Performance of Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine Model

The PDRE test model used in these experiments utilized kerosene as the fuel, oxygen as oxidizer, and nitrogen as purge gas. The solenoid valves were employed to control intermittent supplies of kerosene, oxygen and purge gas. PDRE test model was 50 mm in inner diameter by 1.2 m long. The DDT （deflagration to detonation transition） enhancement device Shchelkin spiral was used in the test model. The effects of detonation frequency on its time-averaged thrust and specific impulse were experimentally investigated. The obtained results showes that the time-averaged thrust of PDRE test model was approximately proportional to the detonation frequency. For the detonation frequency 20 Hz, the time-averaged thrust was around 107 N, and the specific impulse was around 125 s. The nozzle experiments were conducted using PDRE test model with three traditional nozzles. The experimental results obtained demonstrated that all of those nozzles could augment the thrust and specific impulse. Among those three nozzles, the convergent nozzle had the largest increased augmentation, which was approximately 18%, under the specific condition of the experiment.     

Compression Creep Behavior of High Volume Fraction of SiC Particles Reinforced Al Composite Fabricated by Pressureless Infiltration

The compression creep deformation of the high volume fraction of SiC particles reinforced Al-Mg-Si composite fabricated by pressure-less infiltration was investigated. The experimental results show that the creep stress exponents are very high at temperatures of 673 K, 723 K and 773 K, and if taking the threshold stress into account, the true stress exponent of minimum creep strain rate is still approximately 5, although the volume fraction of reinforcements is very high. The creep strain rate in the high volume fraction rein- forced aluminum alloy matrix composites is controlled by matrix lattice diffusion. It is found that the creep-strengthening effect of high volume fraction of silicon carbide particles is significant, although the particles do not form effective obstacles to dislocation motion.     

高超声速飞行器高温流场数值模拟面临的问题

随着高超声速飞行器目标光辐射和电磁散射特性研究的发展和深入,高温流场特性日益引起人们的关注。由于高温流场特性研究中涉及到非常多的复杂气动现象,如气动加热、烧蚀、辐射、燃烧、化学反应以及湍流等,因此其数值模拟面临着诸多挑战。这里基于连续流计算流体力学(CFD)技术和稀薄气体蒙特卡罗直接仿真(DSMC)方法,从化学物理模型建模、方法稳定性与数值求解效率出发,分析了高超声速飞行器外部绕流、尾迹和发动机喷焰三方面的流场特性数值模拟在不同弹道、热防护手段和飞行流域环境下所面临的问题。在此基础上提出了数值求解技术和化学物理模型建模今后需要发展的方向,为有效提高高超声速高温流场特性数值模拟效率、增加流场特性预测精度提供了指导,从而为研究流场对高超声速飞行器目标光辐射和电磁散射特性影响提供有效的基础数据。     

Adaptive Control of Helicopter Ground Resonance with Magnetorheological Damper

The methodology for adaptive control of helicopter ground resonance with magnetorheological （MR） damper is presented. The adaptive inverse control method is used to control the output damping force of MR damper and the range of the damping force is given. Through the adaptive inverse control, the damping force of MR damper is fit to a desired damping force. With the background of applying MR damper to control of helicopter ground resonance, a model of loss force and an adaptive arithmetic for stabilization of the coupled rotor/fuselage system are presented. The simulation shows that the controller presented in this paper can stabilize the rotor/fuselage coupling system quickly and control the helicopter ground resonance effectively.