复杂结构部件概率疲劳寿命预测方法与模型

针对多部位损伤(MSD)复杂结构部件的疲劳寿命预测问题,通过定义损伤临界值随机变量,分析、讨论了寿命概率分布、损伤概率分布、损伤临界值概率分布的属性及其之间的关系,研究了概率损伤累积原理,提出确定累积损伤临界值概率分布的方法,建立了概率累积损伤准则。基于多层次统计分析技术和系统层可靠性建模原理,构建了复杂结构部件的概率寿命预测模型;通过各关键部位的损伤累积和结构系统的失效概率计算,实现了复杂结构部件概率疲劳寿命预测,通过典型算例展示了方法及模型的应用。     

应变控制下NEPE推进剂非线性疲劳损伤

为研究高能硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂的非线性疲劳损伤特性,基于损伤力学和黏弹性理论,建立了一种非线性疲劳损伤模型.该模型考虑了材料疲劳过程中刚度衰减的特征.建立的疲劳损伤模型,通过动态热机械分析仪(DMA)进行5组不同应变水平下的疲劳实验,获得模型参数,并对模型进行验证,利用电荷耦合器件图像传感器(CCD)进行显微观察,分析了应变加载历史对NEPE推进剂微观上的影响.结果表明:提出的损伤演化模型能够很好地描述NEPE推进剂应变控制下的非线性疲劳损伤;定应变往复拉伸造成了推进剂颗粒与基体的脱湿,在循环初期脱湿速度较快,随着循环周期增加,脱湿程度逐渐趋于稳定.      

初始缺陷的随机统计规律在三元乙丙本构模型中的应用

为了研究材料初始缺陷对其力学行为的影响,针对三元乙丙(EPDM)包覆层材料进行准静态力学实验,并且采用统计学方法对实验结果进行分析,获取以随机损伤参数函数表示的有效实验结果的分布规律,通过引入随机损伤参数函数扩展Ogden模型,建立能够描述EPDM初始缺陷的本构方程。结果表明:实验结果以94%的概率落入该扩展模型所估计的置信程度为90%的置信区间,该模型对于考虑初始缺陷的EPDM包覆层材料的力学行为预测结果较好。     

预估金属构件疲劳全寿命的损伤力学-有限元法

 引用损伤力学方法研究金属构件疲劳问题,建立了应力场-损伤场耦合基本方程与有限元素-附加载荷解法,并以损伤划分步长推导了构件疲劳裂纹形成与扩展寿命的预估公式。本文用以上方法预估2024与7075两种材料、多种几何参数含缺口板试件全寿命。结果表明,理论S-N曲线与实验S-N曲线吻合良好。本方法所需机时较少,可能用于工程实际。     

TC11钛合金焊接接头低周疲劳分形损伤演化研究

基于损伤力学和分形理论,在金属材料疲劳断口的形貌特征具有统计自相似性的基础上建立了表征焊接接头断口损伤的面分形损伤演化模型.利用TC11合金低周疲劳试验后所得到的断口测得其面分维数,结合试验数据拟合获得该材料损伤演化方程参数;从而建立了TC11合金焊接接头三级载荷下的疲劳损伤演化方程;同时将该模型与基于断口表面裂纹扩展的线分形损伤演化模型加以比较.      

涡轮盘榫槽的损伤力学研究

本文运用损伤力学方法对涡轮盘试件榫槽在蠕变和疲劳交互作用下的裂纹起始寿命与裂纹扩展寿命进行了分析研究。榫槽的非线性损伤累积模型是由修正的Ｃｈａｂｏｃｈｅ′ｓ低循环疲劳损伤模型和改进的Ｋａｃｈａｎｏｖ′ｓ蠕变损伤模型综合形成的。在此基础上建立了疲劳和蠕变交互作用下裂纹扩展计算模型。从理论分析计算与试验结果的一致性,说明所建模型的正确性。采用损伤有限元素法,以有限元网格尺寸模拟损伤裂纹长度。从试件榫槽的裂纹扩展计算分析中,提出裂纹起始方向和裂纹扩展方向判断准则,并通过计算检验了此准则的正确性。文中所建立的基本理论,计算方法及结果分析在工程实际中具有一定使用价值。     

30CrMnSiA缺口试样低周疲劳寿命研究

缺口会导致严重的应力集中,并降低结构的使用寿命,研究缺口部位的低周疲劳寿命具有重要意义。基于弹塑性全量理论建立30CrMnSiA材料的弹塑性本构关系,采用损伤力学-有限元法预测30CrMnSiA材料缺口试样的低周疲劳寿命,并与相应的试验结果进行对比。结果表明:基于弹塑性全量理论建立的弹塑性本构关系方法合理,采用损伤力学方法得到的疲劳寿命预测结果基本满足工程实际要求,该方法可用来对30CrMnSiA缺口试样进行低周疲劳寿命预测。     

基于损伤力学预估点蚀疲劳寿命有限元法

飞机使用环境谱的不断变化会对机体结构造成腐蚀损伤,工程上难以在外场环境下进行实时损伤检测与疲劳性能试验。点蚀作为腐蚀的初始阶段,危害性大,部位也难以预测。采用损伤力学和有限元相结合的方法,以材料疲劳S-N数据为基础,将点蚀损伤认为是一种初始缺陷,建立基于损伤力学假设的点蚀损伤疲劳寿命预估方法,并提出一种改进型损伤参数反演方法。对点蚀疲劳失效过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合,证明该方法应用于金属材料点蚀疲劳问题中是合理的、可行的,为后续实际预腐蚀损伤疲劳研究奠定了基础。     

涡轮盘低循环疲劳寿命的概率分析

疲劳寿命呈现异方差特性,其标准差随弹性应变幅和塑性应变幅的减小而增大,因此在Man-son-Coffin公式中引入标准正态变量μ和线性标准差σ_e,σ_p,将ε-N曲线参数表示为标准正态变量μ的函数,建立了低循环疲劳寿命的概率模型.针对某涡轮盘材料,在低循环疲劳试验数据的基础上应用异方差回归分析方法获得了概率模型的参数,应用该模型对涡轮盘销钉孔的低循环疲劳寿命进行了Monte-Carlo数值模拟,获到了寿命的概率分布.得到可靠度0.998 7的概率寿命与轮盘技术寿命相一致,相对误差仅为4%.该模型参数均来自疲劳试验数据的统计分析,寿命预测精度高,具有较好的工程应用前景.      

正交各向异性材料粘塑性损伤统一本构关系研究

用损伤力学与粘塑性理论相结合的方法,将正交个性异性材料的粘塑性统一本构模型［１］进行了修正和推广,建立了在蠕变与疲劳载荷交互作用下正交各向异性材料的粘塑性损伤统一本构模型。用该模型预测了ＤＤ３ 单晶合金的蠕变和疲劳特性以及蠕变和疲劳损伤,预测了在循环载荷作用下材料的蠕变与疲劳交互作用损伤及其寿命。同时将计算结果和试验结果进行了比较     

Stress analysis and damage evolution in individual plies of notched composite laminates subjected to in-plane loads

This work aims to investigate local stress distribution, damage evolution and failure of notched composite laminates under in-plane loads. An analytic method containing uniformed boundary equations using a complex variable approach is developed to present layer-by-layer stresses around the notch. The uniformed boundary equations established in series together with conformal mapping functions are capable of dealing with irregular boundary issues around the notch and at infinity. Stress results are employed to evaluate the damage initiation and propagation of notched composites by progressive damage analysis(PDA). A user-defined subroutine is developed in the finite element(FE) model based on coupling theories for mixed failure criteria and damage mechanics to efficiently investigate damage evolution as well as failure modes. Carbon/epoxy laminates with a stacking sequence of [45°/0°/ 60°/90°]sare used to investigate surface strains, in-plane load capacity and microstructure of failure zones to provide analytic and FE methods with strong validation. Good agreement is observed between the analytic method, the FE model and experiments in terms of the stress(strain) distributions, damage evaluation and ultimate strength, and the layerby-layer stress components vary according to a combination effect of fiber orientation and loading type, causing diverse failure modes in individuals.     

Modified micro-mechanics based multiscale model for progressive failure prediction of 2D twill woven composites

To consider fiber random distribution at the microscale for the multiscale model based on the micro-mechanics failure (MMF) theory, clustering method is used for the extraction of amplification factors. As the clustering method is a kind of unsupervised machine learning method, the elements with similar mechanical behavior under external loading can be included in a cluster automatically at the microscale. With this modification, the fiber random distribution model can be used for multiscale damage analysis in the framework of MMF theory. To validate the modified multiscale analysis method, progressive damage analysis of a kind of 2D twill woven composites is conducted based on different microscale models. The stress values for microscale models with fiber hexagonal and random distribution patterns are compared first. Much higher stress concentration is generated in the fiber random distribution model due to the smaller inter-fiber distance especially under longitudinal shear loading. The obtained cluster distribution results exhibit the characters of the stress distribution in the two microscale models. Thereafter, tensile and compressive responses of the 2D twill woven composite are predicted with the modified multiscale analysis method and accuracy of the method is verified through comparison with published experimental results. From the simulation results, it can be found that the matrix damage initiation from the model based on the fiber random distribution model is premature compared with that from the model based on the fiber hexagonal distribution model. Besides, under tensile loading, the damage all initiates from the fill tows and propagates to the wrap tows. However, under compressive loading, the matrix damage initiates from the wrap tows in the model based on the fiber random distribution model.     

复合材料加筋板损伤抑制带设计与分析

研究损伤抑制带对损伤扩展的抑制机理以及损伤止裂效果对于提高结构强度和效率具有重要意义。采用渐进损伤分析方法和有限元模型分析了抑制带对蒙皮/筋条的损伤扩展的抑制情况和发生机理;讨论了损伤抑制带数量和其沿蒙皮厚度的分布等设计变量对结构剩余强度的影响。结果表明：0°损伤抑制带将蒙皮损伤抑制在缘条附近并维持一段加载历程,从而提高了复合材料加筋板的承载能力;蒙皮的失效应力随着0°损伤抑制带层数的增加而增加;对于相同数量的0°损伤抑制带,其沿着蒙皮厚度的不同分布对结构承载能力的影响很小。     

Reliability analysis of aero-engine blades considering nonlinear strength degeneration

To comprehensively consider the effects of strength degeneration and failure correlation, an improved stress-strength interference (SSI) model is proposed to analyze the reliability of aeroengine blades with the fatigue failure mode. Two types of TC4 alloy experiments are conducted for the study on the damage accumulation law. All the parameters in the nonlinear damage model are obtained by the tension-compression fatigue tests, and the accuracy of the nonlinear damage model is verified by the damage tests. The strength degeneration model is put forward on the basis of the Chaboche nonlinear damage theory and the Griffith fracture criterion, and determined by measuring the fatigue toughness during the tests. From the comparison of two kinds of degeneration models based on the Miner’s linear law and the nonlinear damage model respectively, the nonlinear model has a significant advantage on prediction accuracy especially in the later period of life. A time-dependent SSI reliability model is established. By computing the stress distribution using the finite element (FE) technique, the reliability of a single blade during the whole service life is obtained. Considering the failure correlation of components, a modified reliability model of aero-engine blades with common cause failure (CCF) is presented. It shows a closer and more reasonable process with the actual working condition. The improved reliability model is illustrated to be applied to aero-engine blades well, and the approach purposed in this paper is suitable for any actual machinery component of aero-engine rotor systems.     

轮盘低周疲劳寿命的可靠性研究

利用R.W.Landgraf的低周疲劳寿命公式, 建立累积损伤的低周疲劳寿命的失效方程, 以此方程为基础利用H-L方法求其可靠度。推导了在非线性的弹塑性状况下的随机有限元法, 从而使低周疲劳寿命可靠性得以计算。      

单向陶瓷基复合材料任意应力本构行为快速计算方法

为了实现快速预测陶瓷基复合材料(CMCs)任意应力加卸载作用后的损伤状态和本构行为,对CMCs任意应力加卸载力学行为进行研究。提出了任意应力加卸载曲线简化方法,得到仅包含决定CMCs损伤状态的等效载荷曲线。基于剪滞模型,直接给出CMCs在等效载荷曲线作用后的滑移区分布,避免对载荷曲线的逐点计算。进而预测了材料的损伤状态和应力应变行为。将原始加卸载曲线带入剪滞模型,计算CMCs滑移区分布和应力应变,并与本文提出的方法进行比较,结果表明,两种计算方法计算的结果一致,说明了本文提出的载荷曲线简化方法和滑移区分布计算方法是可行的。     

针刺C/C复合材料拉伸强度及渐进失效数值预测

基于金相显微镜观测的针刺C/C复合材料细观结构,考虑材料内部纤维的真实分布,建立了针刺C/C复合材料单胞模型。采用Linde失效准则,考虑纤维渐进损伤对材料进行了刚度折减,通过引入周期性位移边界条件,对针刺C/C复合材料的拉伸破坏进行了有限元法（FEM）数值模拟,分析了单胞模型的渐进失效过程,并预测了材料的拉伸强度。开展了针刺C/C复合材料拉伸试验,采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了材料的断口形貌,数值预测结果与试验吻合良好。针刺C/C复合材料受拉伸载荷后发生准脆性断裂,拉伸应力-应变曲线呈双线性,0°无纬碳布发生纤维断裂和基体开裂破坏,90°无纬碳布出现横向基体劈裂,最终断裂发生在针刺纤维与面内无纬碳布交叉区域。     

自紧工艺对CFRP气瓶应力水平的影响

文摘利用ABAQUS有限元软件,对铝内胆结构的CFRP气瓶进行了分析,根据其结构建立了模型,采用二维Hashin失效准则对纤维缠绕层进行了渐进失效分析,包含了4种失效模式,纤维及基体的拉伸和压缩失效。研究了不同失效模式的萌生和分布规律。对自紧原理对气瓶的影响进行了研究。分析得出只有当气瓶承载压力大于自紧工艺压力时,内衬PEEQ值才会在自紧工艺后继续发生累积,气瓶自紧力开始失效。     

腐蚀/疲劳交替作用下飞机金属材料疲劳寿命计算方法

 使用环境下飞机金属结构剩余寿命评定是确定飞机结构疲劳寿命与日历寿命关系的关键。为此,本文模拟飞机结构经历的"地面腐蚀+空中疲劳"过程,提出了腐蚀/疲劳交替作用下飞机金属材料的疲劳寿命计算方法。首先,通过分析2A12-T4铝合金试样预腐蚀/疲劳试验结果,发现其在模拟腐蚀/疲劳交替作用时计算得到的疲劳寿命偏于保守。随后,根据2A12-T4铝合金试样真实的交替试验结果,采用回归算法,建立了基于均匀分布耦合损伤形式的腐蚀/疲劳交替寿命计算模型;并分别采用BP、Elman神经网络对上述模型的计算结果进行验证。结果表明,本文提出的均匀分布耦合损伤模型计算结果与真实试验结果吻合较好;通过进一步的计算与试验对比发现,该模型也可以用于加载循环与腐蚀周期组合发生变化时的疲劳寿命预测,具有较好的适用性。