新型通用进气道类复杂腔体结构电磁散射计算方法

 利用Unigraphics（UG）内部基于非均匀有理B样条（NURBS）的建模技术,采用UG二次开发,实现了在任意腔体中射线路径准确追踪,寻迹效率较高。提出一种射线追踪的新方法,解决了传统弹跳射线法（SBR）确定射线路径困难、精度不高和效率较低的问题。在此新方法基础之上开发了可以计算任意形状进气道类复杂电大腔体及角形结构雷达散射截面（RCS）的计算软件,实现了腔体建模与RCS计算的无缝集成,不用对腔体进行网格剖分,计算精度和效率都较高,使用方便,通用性好,具有较高的工程应用价值。使用该软件计算了圆形直腔、二面角和S形进气道的RCS,结果与其他方法吻合良好,具有比较好的计算精度。     

光线跟踪的最佳期望时间搜索算法

 在计算机图形显示学中,采用光线跟踪(ray tracing)算法能够生成质量很高的、非常逼真的图象,但机时花费太高。据统计,在光线跟踪算法中花费在搜索与光线相交的物体及计算出交点所用的时间大约占75％。本文提出一种用于光线跟踪的与始点无关的搜索算法。此算法不管光线在物空间的始点位置如何,都能生成精确的图象,因此具有通用性;此算法将物空间适当地划分为小立方体,通过只检测光线路径上的立方体,以实现最佳期望时间搜索,所以具有最佳期望时间的复杂性。     

预追踪法在搭建RCS计算平台中的应用

 介绍综合不同RCS贡献机理的计算平台的搭建方法。针对射线追踪法的计算量是这类RCS计算平台计算效率的瓶颈这一现状，提出仅对多次散射区采用射线追踪计算来减小计算量的方法。给出一种通过粗略的射线追踪来确定多次散射区的方法，并用该方法获得任意目标的散射分布图。对预追踪法在RCS平台的搭建中的应用方式进行探讨，并预测效果。通过具体的计算实例验证预追踪法的效果，并给出几类典型目标的多次散射区比例系数，可供采用预追踪法时参考。计算结果表明，在不改变计算精度的条件下，预追踪法可以将RCS计算平台中射线追踪部分的计算量减少到原来的1/3以下。对散射分布的可能应用做出展望，可以作为后续工作的指导。     

机舱内部超宽带确定性信道建模

将室内无线信道仿真中常用的几何光学和射线追踪技术,引入到对客机机舱内部的超宽带(Ultra-WideBand,UWB)信道研究当中。信道仿真的主要算法基于一种称为射线密度归一化(RayDensityNormalization,RDN)的方法。该方法使用射线密度的概念来计算每条射线对接收点处总信号强度的贡献。为了验证方法的有效性,实验构建了一个Boeing737-200客机机舱模型进行仿真。仿真将接收机设置在每个座位的顶部、扶手和底部,以研究不同水平高度信道的差别。仿真中对路径损耗和均方根(RMS)时延扩展两类大尺度信道参数进行了统计和分析,部分仿真结果与国外实测结果进行了对比。对比结果证明了仿真结果的保真度以及现有仿真工具的有效性。     

Turbulence, Magnetic Reconnection in Turbulent Fluids and Energetic Particle Acceleration

Turbulence is ubiquitous in astrophysics. It radically changes many astrophysical phenomena, in particular, the propagation and acceleration of cosmic rays. We present the modern understanding of compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence, in particular its decomposition into Alfvén, slow and fast modes, discuss the density structure of turbulent subsonic and supersonic media, as well as other relevant regimes of astrophysical turbulence. All this information is essential for understanding the energetic particle acceleration that we discuss further in the review. For instance, we show how fast and slow modes accelerate energetic particles through the second order Fermi acceleration, while density fluctuations generate magnetic fields in pre-shock regions enabling the first order Fermi acceleration of high energy cosmic rays. Very importantly, however, the first order Fermi cosmic ray acceleration is also possible in sites of magnetic reconnection. In the presence of turbulence this reconnection gets fast and we present numerical evidence supporting the predictions of the Lazarian and Vishniac (Astrophys. J. 517:700–718, 1999) model of fast reconnection. The efficiency of this process suggests that magnetic reconnection can release substantial amounts of energy in short periods of time. As the particle tracing numerical simulations show that the particles can be efficiently accelerated during the reconnection, we argue that the process of magnetic reconnection may be much more important for particle acceleration than it is currently accepted. In particular, we discuss the acceleration arising from reconnection as a possible origin of the anomalous cosmic rays measured by Voyagers as well as the origin cosmic ray excess in the direction of Heliotail.     

光线跟踪长方体求交高效算法

基于Cyrus-Beck算法及长方体面上点的约束条件，提出光线跟踪中射线与长方体求交测试和运算法的高效算法，显著改善了光线跟踪条件下数控车前加工仿真图形生成速度。该算法具有通用性，适于射线与任意凸多面体的求交测试与运算。     

Terrain modeling for microwave landing system

A powerful analytical approach for evaluating the terrain effects on a microwave landing system (MLS) is presented. The approach combines a multiplate model with a powerful and exhaustive ray tracing technique and an accurate formulation for estimating the electromagnetic fields due to the antenna array in the presence of terrain. Both uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) and impedance UTD techniques have been employed to evaluate these fields. Innovative techniques are introduced at each stage to make the model versatile to handle most general terrain contours and also to reduce the computational requirement to a minimum. The model is applied to several terrain geometries, and the results are discussed     

真三维立体显示系统中的体视观察算法分析与实现

在简要介绍真三维立体显示系统的基础上,以直线运动模型为出发点,对其中的体视观察算法进行了数学分析,并对可视体素进行了定义。最后结合象空间的光线投影法,提出了一种有针对性的体视观察算法实现思路。     

直升机传热与红外特征建模与分析(英文)

直升机蒙皮表面及排气温度分布受到发动机排气系统、旋翼下洗气流和太阳辐射的直接影响。为了能够精确地模拟直升机蒙皮表面及排气温度分布,在进行处于悬停状态的直升机三维流场和温度场建模与分析时,综合考虑了旋翼下洗对喷流的影响和太阳辐射对机身加热的影响。基于温度场和流场数据,通过正反射线踪迹法对直升机红外波段辐射强度的分布进行计算。针对一假想的排气系统与后机身融合的直升机模型,本文对其热特性和红外辐射特性进行了数值计算和分析。     

光线跟踪Bezier曲面

 本文提出了一种光线跟踪Bezier曲面的求交算法。该算法通过建立曲面树形存贮结构及网格面的包围盒,实现光线曲面片的相交测试;曲面片的交替二叉离散最终实现交点计算,有效的提高了相交测试效率,改善了曲面四叉、二叉离散求交特性。具有结构简单、有效性强、易于实现等特点,是光线跟踪曲面求交的一种算法。     

Corotating Interaction Regions in the Outer Heliosphere

We discuss the structure and evolution of CIRs and their successors in the outer heliosphere. These structures undergo significant evolution as they are convected to greater heliocentric distances. A progression of different types of structure are observed at increasing distance from the Sun. Similar structures are observed at similar heliocentric distance at different portions of the solar cycle. CIRs and their successors are associated with many important physical processes in the outer heliosphere. We discuss the relationship between these structures and recurrent phenomena such as cosmic ray variations, and review some of the associated theoretical models on the role of corotating structures and global merged interaction regions (GMIRs) in global cosmic ray modulation. We also discuss some outstanding questions related to the origin of non-dispersive quasi-periodic particle enhancements associated with CIRs and their successors in the outer heliosphere. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

机载天线罩的设计研究

研究了机载天线罩设计过程中的基本问题和综合设计方法,运用三维射线追踪法进行了计算机辅助设计,给出了布设防雷击部件的经验公式,介绍了工艺设计方法。电测结果较好地满足了设计要求。     

涡轮发动机高温隔热涂层内的传热研究

高温环境中的金属部件, 通常采用表面涂层技术以降低金属材料的温度和热力梯度。氧化锆、陶瓷等涂层材料对热辐射是半透明的, 因此, 高温下涡轮发动机的热分析需要考虑涂层内辐射换热的影响。本文考虑了各种界面辐射特性: 不透明界面和半透明界面, 镜反射和漫反射。采用光线踪迹 /节点分析法计算了吸收、各向同性散射性介质内的辐射传递系数。结合控制容积法数值模拟了涡轮叶片和燃烧室衬垫涂层内的辐射与导热瞬态耦合换热。      

The menagerie of geospace plasma waves

Sounding rockets and satellites have discovered a large variety of plasma waves within the Earth's magnetosphere—geospace. These waves are found over a frequency range of millihertz to megahertz. The frequency ranges are generally associated with characteristic frequencies such as the plasma frequency and gyrofrequency. Most waves are generated by hot or streaming magnetospheric plasma; some waves are due to lightning discharges, to intentional man-made transmitters or to incidental radiation from power transmission systems. Propagation of waves from the observation region back to a probable source region can be modelled using ray tracing techniques in a model magnetosphere where the electron number density, ion composition and magnetic field vector is specified. Information in addition to the common amplitude-frequency-time spectrograms can be obtained from the received waves using multiple antennas and receivers. Cross-correlation of the wave electric and magnetic components can provide information on the wave polarization and direction of propagation and on the wave distribution function.     

Estimating the Radar Cross Section of a Cavity

The radar cross section (RCS) characteristics of cavities are considered. Experimental data on simplified models obtained in 1966, but which heretofore have not received very wide dissemination, are reviewed and the results are compared with predictions based on a simplified (and semiempirical) theory for the end-on aspect case combined with a ray tracing procedure for other aspects. This theoretical method for estimation purposes is seen to provide quite adequate results.     

半透明高温涂层的内部辐射效应

为了准确计算涂层和金属基底内的温度和热流，需要考虑涂层内部热辐射的影响。采用光线踪迹／节点分析法对吸收、各向同性散射性非灰涂层内的辐射与导热瞬态耦合换热进行数值模拟。与多个文献的计算结果比较表明，计算方法正确，计算结果精度高。数值模拟结果表明，忽略涂层内的热辐射会使实际运动中的金属部件温度高于设计温度。     

A Brief History of Recurrent Solar Modulation of the Galactic Cosmic Rays (1937-1990)

This brief review of the pre-Ulysses era begins with the first measurements by ionization chambers in 1937 of a cosmic ray 27-day intensity variation that was believed to have its origin in recurrent variations of the geomagnetic field. However, with the introduction of neutron monitor analysis of the nucleonic component, it was shown in the 1940s and 1950s that this cosmic ray intensity variation arose from interplanetary dynamical phenomena. Beginning in the 1960s direct spacecraft investigations in the heliosphere with Pioneer-10, Pioneer-11, Voyager-1 and Voyager-2 proved that Corotating Interaction Regions were not only the source of the cosmic ray recurrent intensity modulation, but also the source of charged particles accelerated in corotating forward and reverse shocks associated with the corotating interaction regions.These early investigations, confined to low latitudes, have contributed to the understanding of solar phenomena, interplanetary dynamics, charge particle acceleration and the Sun-Earth convection.     

Solar cosmic ray phenomena

This review attempts to present an integrated view of the several types of solar cosmic ray phenomena. The relevant large and small scale properties of the interplanetary medium are first surveyed, and their use in the development of a quantitative understanding of the cosmic ray propagation processes summarised. Solar cosmic ray events, in general, are classified into two phenomenological categories: (a) prompt events, and (b) delayed events. The properties of both classes of events are summarised. The properties considered are the frequency of occurrence, dependence on parent flare position, the time profile, energy spectra, anisotropies, particle species, velocity dispersions, etc. A single model is presented to explain the various species of delayed event. Thus the halo and core events, energetic storm particle events, EDP events and proton recurrent regions are suggested to be essentially of common origin. The association of flare particle events with electromagnetic phenomena, including optical, X-ray and microwave emissions is summarised. The conditions in a sunspot group, and solar flare that are considered to be conducive to cosmic ray acceleration processes are discussed. Considerable discussion is devoted to physical processes occurring near the Sun. Near Sun particle storage, and diffusion, and secondary injection processes that are triggered by a far distant solar flare are reviewed. In order to explain the considerable differences between aspects of the prompt and delayed events, we propose selective diffusion processes that only occur at early times in a solar flare. The type IV radio emissions at metric wave-lengths are suggested to yield direct evidence for the storage processes that are necessary to explain the properties of the delayed events, and also as yielding direct evidence of secondary injection processes. We conclude by briefly summarising the ionospheric effects of the solar cosmic radiation.     

聚焦方向对吸气式激光推进冲量耦合系数的影响

为了获得吸气式激光推进冲量耦合系数随聚焦方向的变化规律,针对抛物形喷管,采用光线追踪法求解辐射输运方程,通过与二维轴对称辐射流体动力学方程组联立,计算得到了3组单脉冲激光能量条件下不同聚焦方向对应的冲量耦合系数。计算结果表明:当聚焦方向在0°～135°范围内变化时,冲量耦合系数总体上呈下降趋势,而且激光能量较大时,这种趋势愈明显。     

Prediction of Group Delay Distribution Around Receiving Point Using Modified IRI Model and IGRF Model

The international reference ionosphere (IRI) model is generally accepted standard ionosphere model. It describes the ionosphere environment in quiet state and predicts the ionosphere parameters within a certain precision. In this paper, we have made a breakthrough in the application of the IRI model by modifying the model for regions of China. The main objectives of this modification are to construct the ionosphere parameters foF2 and M (3000) F2 by using the Chinese reference ionosphere (CRI) coefficients, appropriately increase hmE and hmF2 height, reduce the thickness of F layer, validate the parameter by the measured values, and solve the electron concentration distribution with quasi-parabolic segment (QPS). In this paper, 3D ray tracing algorithm is constructed based on the modified IRI model and international geomagnetic reference field (IGRF) model. In short-wave propagation, it can be used to predict the electromagnetic parameters of the receiving point, such as the receiving area, maximum useable frequency (MUF) and the distribution of the group delay etc., which can help to determine the suitability of the communication. As an example, we estimate the group delay distributions around Changchun in the detection from Qingdao to Changchun using the modified IRI model and IGRF model, and provide technical support for the short-wave communication between the two cities.