展向特征长度对圆柱尾迹转捩特征的影响

通过对三维不可压缩 N-S方程的直接数值模拟详细研究了 Re=2 0 0 ,即刚超过三维转捩的临界雷诺数时的圆柱尾迹。圆柱的展向特征长度决定了尾迹的转捩特征和整体性质     

高陡度保形光学镜面拼接测量误差分析与建模

从测量原理出发,分析研究了测量误差产生的原因,建立了其对测量精度的影响模型,并在MATLAB下进行了仿真。最后对口径120mm,长径比1.2的椭球形保形头罩进行了实测试验。测量试验表明:上述方法能够高精度的重构出面形轮廓,方法简单,实用。     

基于Inmarsat D+的车辆监控系统研究

Inmarsat D 在全球范围内为用户提供了高质量、高可靠性的双向短信息通信服务。基于Inmarsat D 相关技术，研究了基于Inmarsat D 的车辆监控系统的设计。详细阐述了系统的设计思想和相关实现技术的可行性。系统的开发与应用，必将对车辆调度管理的高效性、车辆运行状态统计分析的准确性以及车辆交通意外责任判定的公正性等，提供可靠保障。     

基于微分进化算法的二自由度PID控制器参数优化

针对二自由度PID控制器参数多、调节困难等问题,提出了一种基于微分进化算法参数调节优化方法。证明了微分进化算法能够收敛到平稳点,并具有概率全局收敛性。研究了二自由度PID控制器参数与抑制特性、跟踪特性的关系,并将微分算法与遗传算法、粒子群算法的参数优化结果进行了比较。仿真验证表明,微分算法能够更好地实现二自由度PID控制器参数的调节,具有优异的跟踪特性和抑制特性。     

一种地形轮廓特征的立体视觉三维重建方法

针对自然地形轮廓特征的三维数据测量问题,提出了一种基于区域分割的立体视觉三维重建方法。先通过分水岭变换进行图像分割,根据分割区域边界确定图像中场景的轮廓边缘。轮廓边缘按所属区域分组进行立体匹配,根据分割区域相互邻接的全局特征和各区域的位置、尺寸、灰度值局部特征建立区域约束,并根据区域边缘像素点梯度分布特点建立梯度方向约束,以减小立体匹配的搜索空间、优化匹配顺序、提高匹配精度。进而根据双目立体视觉的成像模型计算匹配边缘点的三维坐标,实现地形轮廓边缘的三维重建。实验结果表明,该方法能够快速有效地重建出体现地形三维结构特征的轮廓边缘,并具有较高的立体匹配正确率和重建精度。     

Basic performance of BeiDou-2 navigation satellite system used in LEO satellites precise orbit determination

The visibility for low earth orbit（LEO） satellites provided by the BeiDou-2 system is analyzed and compared with the global positioning system（GPS）. In addition, the spaceborne receivers＇ observations are simulated by the BeiDou satellites broadcast ephemeris and LEO satellites orbits. The precise orbit determination（POD） results show that the along-track component accuracy is much better over the service area than the non-service area, while the accuracy of the other two directions keeps at the same level over different areas. However, the 3-dimensional（3D） accuracy over the two areas shows almost no difference. Only taking into consideration the observation noise and navigation satellite ephemeris errors, the 3D accuracy of the POD is about30 cm. As for the precise relative orbit determination（PROD）, the 3D accuracy is much better over the eastern hemisphere than that of the western hemisphere. The baseline length accuracy is 3.4 mm over the service area, and it is still better than 1 cm over the non-service area. This paper demonstrates that the BeiDou regional constellation could provide global service to LEO satellites for the POD and the PROD. Finally, the benefit of geostationary earth orbit（GEO） satellites is illustrated for POD.     

An efficient aerodynamic shape optimization of blended wing body UAV using multi-fidelity models

This paper presents a novel optimization technique for an efficient multi-fidelity model building approach to reduce computational costs for handling aerodynamic shape optimization based on high-fidelity simulation models. The wing aerodynamic shape optimization problem is solved by dividing optimization into three steps—modeling 3D(high-fidelity) and 2D(lowfidelity) models, building global meta-models from prominent instead of all variables, and determining robust optimizing shape associated with tuning local meta-models. The adaptive robust design optimization aims to modify the shape optimization process. The sufficient infilling strategy—known as adaptive uniform infilling strategy—determines search space dimensions based on the last optimization results or initial point. Following this, 3D model simulations are used to tune local meta-models. Finally, the global optimization gradient-based method—Adaptive Filter Sequential Quadratic Programing(AFSQP) is utilized to search the neighborhood for a probable optimum point. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated by applying it, along with conventional optimization approach-based meta-models, to a Blended Wing Body(BWB) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV). The drag coefficient is defined as the objective function, which is subjected to minimum lift coefficient bounds and stability constraints. The simulation results indicate improvement in meta-model accuracy and reduction in computational time of the method introduced in this paper.     

A multi-objective multi-memetic algorithm for network-wide conflict-free 4D flight trajectories planning

Under the demand of strategic air traffic flow management and the concept of trajectory based operations (TBO),the network-wide 4D flight trajectories planning (N4DFTP) problem has been investigated with the purpose of safely and efficiently allocating 4D trajectories (4DTs) (3D position and time) for all the flights in the whole airway network.Considering that the introduction of large-scale 4DTs inevitably increases the problem complexity,an efficient model for strategic level conflict management is developed in this paper.Specifically,a bi-objective N4DFTP problem that aims to minimize both potential conflicts and the trajectory cost is formulated.In consideration of the large-scale,high-complexity,and multi-objective characteristics of the N4DFTP problem,a multi-objective multi-memetic algorithm (MOMMA) that incorporates an evolutionary global search framework together with three problem-specific local search operators is implemented.It is capable of rapidly and effectively allocating 4DTs via rerouting,target time controlling,and flight level changing.Additionally,to balance the ability of exploitation and exploration of the algorithm,a special hybridization scheme is adopted for the integration of local and global search.Empirical studies using real air traffic data in China with different network complexities show that the pro posed MOMMA is effective to solve the N4DFTP problem.The solutions achieved are competitive for elaborate decision support under a TBO environment.     

小推力深空探测轨道全局优化设计

 针对小推力深空探测四维轨道优化设计,给出了一种组合优化算法,采用该算法基于二体模型进行了深空探测四维轨道全局优化。该组合优化算法由动态规划算法、静态参数优化算法与共轭梯度算法组成。动态规划算法和静态参数优化算法用以选择最优的发射窗口、返回窗口及相应的近似飞行轨道;基于该近似轨道方案,采用共轭梯度算法（解决两点边值问题）求解精确的最优轨道。通过大量的数值仿真计算,得到了航天器的全局最优飞行轨道,及相应的最优发射窗口与返回窗口。数值仿真结果表明,该组合优化算法对深空探测轨道优化具有良好的通用性和工程运用价值。     

基于单数码相机自由拍摄的空间点定位

 提出并实现了一种空间点定位方法。该方法仅用一台数码相机围绕目标进行多角度自由拍摄获得多帧图像，采用一套具有身份唯一性的标记点实现多图像间点的稳定匹配；在此基础上根据多视图几何约束，精确计算各次拍摄时的相机姿态和位置；进而求解目标点的三维位置信息，并对结果进行优化。实验表明空间点定位的相对误差优于0.03%。该方法所用设备十分简单，操作方式非常灵活，适用于大型物体多视角测量的拼合、某些情况下的装配检查等，也可直接用于较规则构型物体的三维数据获取与CAD模型重建。     

三维编织复合材料热物理性能的有限元分析

根据三维编织复合材料的细观结构,分别建立了三维四向和五向编织复合材料热物理性能的有限元模型.采用周期性的非绝热温度边界条件和位移边界条件,计算了三维四向和五向编织复合材料的整体等效热传导系数和热膨胀系数,计算结果同已有文献相比与实验值符合得更好.在此基础上,迸一步研究了编织角、纤维体积分数、编织结构等参数对材料热物理性...     

翼型高低速性能优化及其对缝翼设计影响研究

采用Hicks-Henne方法参数化翼型,以巡航升阻比、低速最大升力系数为目标进行优化设计.利用试验设计方法对总体设计空间内目标函数的分布进行初步评估,得到目标函数的初始Pareto前沿面,以前沿面上的点为基准,把总体设计空间分割成独立的局部设计空间进行并行寻优,逐步更新直至得到收敛的Pareto前沿面.对前沿面上的典...     

AutoScan系列复杂零件自动化三维测量装备开发与应用

自动化三维测量可实现复杂零件的精度检测,为后续工艺优化提供基础数据,是保证航空航天领域复杂零件成形精度的关键技术,但应用时尚存在以下问题：其一,自动化三维测量视点规划仍以人工示教为主,规划效率低、效果差;其二,锻造成形等工业现场工况恶劣,易使系统预先标定的参数发生漂移,测量精度难以保证;其三,多视测量数据拼接仍主要采用标志点拼接的方式,过程繁琐,应用局限大;其四,在线自动化测量时受工装夹具等影响,测量点云中存在大量背景噪声,影响数据自动处理的精度与稳定性。针对上述难题,介绍了基于双目测头的自动化测量视点规划、基于耦合焦距比例约束的系统参数自标定、基于全局优化的多视测量数据拼接、基于自适应阈值迭代最近点（ICP）点云背景噪声自动去除等关键技术;在此基础上,研制了系列自动化三维测量装备,包括PowerVirtualPlan视点规划软件、PowerScan三维测量软件、iPoint3D数据处理软件的开发;最后,介绍自动化三维测量装备在航天航空等领域的工程应用情况。     

The D/H Ratio in Chondrites

The statistical distribution of all available published D/H ratios of carbonaceous chondrites is presented. The possible interpretations of this distribution are reviewed at the global scale of the solar system planetary objects and at the scale defined by the carbonaceous meteorites. New issues concerning the chemical origin of the deuterium enrichment in solar system water and organic molecules are put into light by this exercise. This distribution is a robust constraint on the origin of water on Earth. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Five Years of Stereo Magnetospheric Imaging by TWINS

Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) is the first stereoscopic magnetospheric imager. TWINS is a NASA Explorer Mission of Opportunity performing simultaneous energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging from two widely-separated Molniya orbits on two different spacecraft, and providing nearly continuous coverage of magnetospheric ENA emissions. The ENA imagers observe energetic neutrals produced from global ion populations, over a broad energy range (1–100 keV/u) with high angular (4^°×4^°) and time (about 1-minute) resolution. TWINS distinguishes hydrogen ENAs from oxygen ENAs. Each TWINS spacecraft also carries a Lyman-α geocoronal imager to monitor the cold exospheric hydrogen atoms that produce ENAs from ions via charge exchange. Complementing the imagers are detectors that measure the local charged particle environment around the spacecraft. During its first five years of science operations, TWINS has discovered new global properties of geospace plasmas and neutrals, fostered understanding of causal relationships, confirmed theories and predictions based on in situ data, and yielded key insights needed to improve geospace models. Analysis and modeling of TWINS data have: (1) obtained continuous (main phase through recovery) global ion spectra, (2) revealed a previously unknown local-time dependence of global pitch angle, (3) developed quantitative determination of ion fluxes from low altitude ENAs (4) determined dynamic connections between local pitch angle and global ion precipitation, (5) confirmed local-time dependence of precipitating ion temperature, (6) imaged global dynamic heating of the magnetosphere, (7) explained why the oxygen ring current survives longer into recovery than hydrogen, and (8) revealed new global exospheric density features and their influence upon ring current decay rates. Over the next several years of the solar cycle, TWINS observations of three-dimensional (3D) global ion dynamics, composition, origins and destinies are crucial to capture the system-level view of geospace over the full range of geomagnetic and solar activity conditions.     

三角翼大迎角绕流的数值模拟

采用FINETM/HEXA非结构网格流场计算软件包对三角翼飞行器的低速大迎角绕流进行了数值模拟.结果表明,计算值与实验数据符合较好,采用Agglomeration 方法能大幅度提高收敛速度,而网格自适应方法用总体不大的网格单元数可较精细地模拟流场.本文还分析了前缘分离涡破裂前后的流动现象和旋涡横截面流线图谱的变化规律.     

Deuterium Observations in the Galaxy

An accurate measurement of the primordial value of D/H would provide one of the best tests of nucleosynthesis models for the early Universe and the baryon density. Such evaluations have been traditionally made using present estimations of the deuterium abundance in the interstellar medium, extrapolated backwards in time with the use of galactic evolution models. Direct estimations of the primordial deuterium abundance have been carried out only recently in QSOs absorbers at high redshift.We will summarize galactic observations of deuterium and suggest that, perhaps, a single D/H value for the interstellar medium is not representative. These evaluations mainly came from observations completed in the far UV with first the Copernicus satellite over the Lyman lines series followed then by H and D Lyman-alpha lines observations with both the IUE and the GHRS on the Hubble Space Telescope. We discuss different known systematics and show that the situation is not yet clear. It is not possible today to claim that we know "the" D/H value in the interstellar medium, if any.Overall and in the context of additional D observations made in the solar system, we conclude that the actual evolution of deuterium from Big-Bang nucleosynthesis to now is not yet understood. More observations, recently made with IMAPS (the Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph) and hopefully to be made with FUSE (the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer to be launched in the fall of 1998), at higher spectral resolution or in many different galactic sites are certainly needed to help us reach a better global view of the evolution of that key element, and thus better constrain any evaluation of its primordial abundance.     

European Airport Movement Management: The Italian Challenge

Goods and people mobility is a basic need in the age of sustainable growth and globalisation of the world economy. Air transport and aeronautics are seen as key assets for the future of Europe to meet needs of society and to win global leadership. Airports are identified as the future bottlenecks of air transport. Advanced surface movement guidance and control system (A-SMGCS) is seen as a key R&D topic the most promising way to achieve the necessary shift. This paper points out how Italy is addressing the challenge of A-SMGCS implementation and shows the first Italian A-SMGCS test-bed and validation process deployed at Milan-Malpensa.     

整体弹性结构法及在叶片流固耦合分析中的应用

针对三维叶片时域流固耦合振动响应计算普遍耗时的问题,采用一种假设整体结构的模态位移,求解固体时域响应和实现高效网格变形,发展了一种3维时域流固耦合分析的整体弹性结构方法,并应用于压气机叶片0°和180°相位角的气动稳定性分析中。结果表明,所发展方法的计算结果与传统双向时域算法和文献的结果较为吻合,而计算效率相比于传统算法显著提升;在所分析的两个相位角下,叶片振动的气动阻尼均随流量减小先增大后降低,相比于0°相位角,180°下叶片的气动稳定性大幅提高,表明该方法能有效应用于叶片的工程流固耦合研究。     

全渐近到达滑动模态控制方法的应用

本文着重论述全渐近到达滑动模态控制方法在微机控制的位置随动系统中应用。