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为了使太空机械臂在关节锁定故障后仍能继续完成后续任务,提出一种基于位姿可达空间的太空机械臂容错路径规划方法。基于牛顿-拉夫逊法计算太空机械臂关节人为限位,完成满足任务需求的退化工作空间求解,通过构造姿态可达度指标,在退化工作空间的基础上建立故障机械臂基坐标系下的位姿可达空间。通过在代价函数中增加最小奇异值代价项改进传统A*算法,基于改进A*算法在所建立的位姿可达空间内完成太空机械臂容错路径规划。所提方法综合了位姿可达空间与改进A*算法各自的优势,实现了关节锁定故障太空机械臂同时满足避奇异与位姿可达要求的轨迹搜索。通过建立7自由度太空机械臂运动学模型开展数值仿真研究,仿真结果验证了所提容错路径规划方法的有效性。 相似文献
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相对位姿是装配过程中的一项重要监控项。针对大尺度部件对接过程中的相对位姿测量需求,提出了一种基于视觉的相对位姿实时测量方法。该方法利用单目视觉技术,通过采集合作靶标的图像,实时解算大部段间的相对位姿,用于辅助大尺度部件的装配。首先,设计了一套相对位姿实时测量系统,包括搭载单目相机的视觉测量单元,以及用于辅助位姿解算的合作靶标;其次,对相对位姿测量的完整流程进行了研究,包含系统标定方法与实时位姿解算方法;最后,在实验室环境下对位姿测量系统的精度进行测试。试验结果表明,位姿测量系统在垂直于光轴方向的重复精度可达0.02mm,沿光轴方向重复精度优于0.2mm,输出位姿结果时间低于0.3s;对多测量单元组网测量进行了仿真计算,垂直于光轴方向的重复精度优于0.1mm,沿光轴方向重复精度优于0.2mm,输出位姿结果时间优于1.3s。试验结果表明,提出的方法可满足一般大尺度部件对接过程实时位姿监控与对接状态评估的需求。 相似文献
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针对基于视觉的机械臂抓取精确抓取的需求,考虑传统的视觉识别算法受环境、对象变化的制约且在识别正确率及快速性上存在的问题,在现有研究的基础上,提出了一种基于深度学习的目标精确检测与识别方法。首先基于深度学习改进了YOLO算法,通过对数据集的训练,基于英伟达Jetson TX1高性能处理单元实现了复杂环境下多目标的识别与定位,给出了目标的类别与位置等信息;以此为基础,结合利用Move It!功能包完成的机械臂运动轨迹的求解与规划,以及基于李群李代数建立的递推正逆动力学模型,设计了机械臂抓取控制的滑模控制律。仿真及实物验证表明,基于深度神经网络的方法学习到的特征对复杂背景具有较强的鲁棒性和稳定性;所设计的滑模控制算法在0.21 s时跟踪误差在2%,取得了较高的控制精度。可为后续视觉抓取任务提供参考。 相似文献
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电子导盲辅助装置(ETA)是解决盲人出行困难的重要手段,而导航是ETA的关键技术.现有的ETA主要用GPS来定位定向,但在城市环境中经常存在GPS信号遮挡导致导航信息丢失的问题.针对该问题,利用视觉导航短时间内定位精度高,输出连续的优点以及 MG(Magnetic Gravity)姿态测量可补偿姿态积累误差的优点,提出一种基于视觉、GPS和MG姿态测量的盲人行走组合导航算法.该方法构建系统误差模型并以Kalman滤波为框架.仿真和实验结果表明,提出的组合导航算法准确度优于单独的导航算法,满足盲人户外安全出行导航的需求. 相似文献
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以电磁波三维空间结构向量为参照的飞行器姿态/航向测量研究,可弥补空间参照物缺乏,丰富空间飞行器姿态/航向测量工具。本文根据各缺损电磁矢量传感器姿态位置与接收信号之间的变化规律,建立飞行器载电磁矢量传感器阵列导向矢量。根据协同导航的多个信号空间谱和最大化,实现平台姿态/航向测量。飞行器多位置的多个传感器共同测量姿态可避免遮挡,获得更高姿态精度的同时拓展了系统的适用领域。接收电磁信息完备状态下,不需导航信号,测绘平稳的杂波就能作为姿态基准。仿真试验验证了姿态估计的有效性。 相似文献
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High-precision pose measurement method in wind tunnels based on laser-aided vision technology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国航空学报》2015,(4)
The measurement of position and attitude parameters for the isolated target from a highspeed aircraft is a great challenge in the field of wind tunnel simulation technology.In this paper,firstly, an image acquisition method for small high-speed targets with multi-dimensional movement in wind tunnel environment is proposed based on laser-aided vision technology.Combining with the trajectory simulation of the isolated model, the reasonably distributed laser stripes and selfluminous markers are utilized to capture clear images of the object.Then, after image processing,feature extraction, stereo correspondence and reconstruction, three-dimensional information of laser stripes and self-luminous markers are calculated.Besides, a pose solution method based on projected laser stripes and self-luminous markers is proposed.Finally, simulation experiments on measuring the position and attitude of high-speed rolling targets are conducted, as well as accuracy verification experiments.Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is feasible and efficient for measuring the pose parameters of rolling targets in wind tunnels. 相似文献
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载体姿态测量的实际需要和多天线姿态测量的局限性决定了单天线姿态测量系统拥有广泛的发展前景。分析了单天线测姿的应用价值和基本原理,从我国的具体国情出发,提出了基于北斗卫星星座仿真的单天线姿态确定技术研究的方法。利用STK平台对目前组网运行的北斗卫星星座和理想的北斗满卫星星座进行了仿真,利用Matlab平台进行了实验,仿真实验结果和误差分析表明,北斗卫星星座仿真的单天线姿态确定技术在适用条件和测姿准确性等方面效果理想,在一定精度要求下满足应用需要,对建立实用可靠的单天线测姿具有积极的推动作用。 相似文献
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Large-scale flapping-wing flying robotic birds have huge application potential in outdoor tasks, such as military reconnaissance, environment exploring, disaster rescue and so on. In this paper, a multiple modes flight control method and system are proposed for a large-scale robotic bird which has 2.3 m wingspan and 650 g mass. Different from small flapping wing aerial vehicle,the mass of its wings cannot be neglected and the flapping frequency are much lower. Therefore, the influence of transie... 相似文献
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设计了一种柔性减速刷消旋机构,将其安装于七自由度机械臂的末端,通过与翻滚目标帆板之间的接触碰撞进行消旋。利用绝对节点坐标法推导了柔性减速刷的动力学模型,并对其接触碰撞进行分析。针对自由漂浮空间机器人动力学建模和基座姿态的控制进行了研究,采用基于计算力矩法的滑模控制策略,对末端参数不确定的七自由度机械臂进行控制。滑模控制具有快速响应、对参数变化及扰动不灵敏等特点,确保了系统的全局鲁棒性和稳定性。有利于节省消旋时间,提高消旋效率。通过PD控制和滑模控制消旋仿真验证,该消旋策略能够成功消除初始旋转速度,消旋程度达90%以上,具有可行性与有效性。 相似文献
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航天器制导与控制技术是保障空间任务顺利实施的关键技术之一。当前,动力学模型的强非线性以及参数不确定性制约了高精度姿轨控技术的发展,而系统故障则决定航天器姿轨控的成败。以机器学习为代表的新一代人工智能技术航天器制导控制领域展现了巨大的应用潜力。首先对基于人工智能技术的轨迹制导和姿态控制中的研究发展及应用现状进行归纳,分析航天器轨迹规划、姿态控制、故障诊断以及容错控制技术的发展趋势。然后,从鲁棒轨迹规划、自适应姿态控制、快速故障诊断和自适应容错控制等4个方面总结适用于未来航天任务的航天器姿轨控关键技术。最后,针对智能姿轨控技术的应用所面临的挑战,从姿轨控架构、算法最优性、算法的训练以及技术验证等方面提出相应的发展建议。 相似文献
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This paper is concerned with the adaptive robust cubature Kalman filtering problem for the case that the dynamics model error and the measurement model error exist simultaneously in the satellite attitude estimation system. By using Hubel-based robust filtering methodology to correct the measurement covariance formulation of cubature Kalman filter, the proposed filtering algorithm could effectively suppress the measurement model error. To further enhance this effect and reduce the impact of the dynamics model error, two different adaptively robust filtering algorithms, one with the optimal adaptive factor based on the estimated covariance matrix of the predicted residuals and the other with multiple fading factors based on strong tracking algorithm, are developed and applied for the satellite attitude estimation. The quaternion is employed to represent the global attitude parameter, and three-dimensional generalized Rodrigues parameters are introduced to define the local attitude error. A multiplicative quaternion error is derived from the local attitude error to maintain quaternion normalization constraint in the filter. Simulation results indicate that the proposed novel algorithm could exhibit higher accuracy and faster convergence compared with the multiplicative extended Kalman filter, the unscented quaternion estimator, and the adaptive robust unscented Kalman filter. 相似文献
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绳牵引并联机器人(WDPR)为风洞试验提供了一种新型支撑方式,可用于多/六自由度风洞复杂动态试验。针对该支撑下飞行器模型的大范围运动,发展了一种基于双目视觉的模型位姿动态测量方法。首先,设计了一种编码合作标志点,合理布置于模型表面,通过图像处理消除绳对标志点成像干扰,进行标志点三维重构;然后,利用绝对定姿算法求解相对位姿初值,且给出了理论误差分析,并基于双目相机重投影误差构建李代数下的无约束最小二乘优化问题,采用L-M算法进行位姿优化;最后,采用该测量系统分别进行了静态和动态精度验证试验,以及大迎角俯仰振荡等3种单/多自由度典型运动轨迹测量。试验数据显示,静态角度和位移测量精度分别优于0.02°/0.02 mm;动态测量时角度精度可达到0.1°量级,位移平均误差为0.4 mm。研究结果表明:设计的双目视觉测量系统是有效可行的,可为后续风洞试验的实际应用提供支持。 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2015,(6)
Drogue recognition and 3D locating is a key problem during the docking phase of the autonomous aerial refueling(AAR). To solve this problem, a novel and effective method based on monocular vision is presented in this paper. Firstly, by employing computer vision with red-ring-shape feature, a drogue detection and recognition algorithm is proposed to guarantee safety and ensure the robustness to the drogue diversity and the changes in environmental conditions, without using a set of infrared light emitting diodes(LEDs) on the parachute part of the drogue. Secondly, considering camera lens distortion, a monocular vision measurement algorithm for drogue 3D locating is designed to ensure the accuracy and real-time performance of the system,with the drogue attitude provided. Finally, experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show the performances of the entire system in contrast with other methods, which validates that the proposed method can recognize and locate the drogue three dimensionally, rapidly and precisely. 相似文献