Effect of interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinfroced ceramic-matrix composites

An analytical methodology was developed to investigate the effect of fiber/matrix interface debonding on matrix multicracking evolution of fiber-reinforced CMCs(ceramic-matrix composites). The Budiansky-Hutchinson-Evans shear-lag model was adopted to analyse the micro-stress field of the damaged composites. The critical matrix strain energy criterion, which presupposes the existence of an ultimate or critical matrix strain energy with matrix, was obtained to simulate the matrix multicracking evolution of CMCs. With the increase of the applied stress, the matrix multicracking and fiber/matrix interface debonding occurred to dissipate the additional energy entered into the composites. The fiber/matrix interface debonded length under matrix multicracking evolution was obtained by treating the interface debonding as a particular crack propagation problem. The conditions for no-debonding and debonding during the evolution of matrix multicracking were discussed in terms of two interfacial properties, i.e., the interface shear stress and interface debonded toughness. When the fiber/matrix interface was bonded, the matrix multicracking evolution was much more intense compared with the interface debonding; when the fiber/matrix interface was debonded, the matrix crack density increased with the increasing of interface shear stress and interface debonded energy. The theoretical results were compared with experimental data of unidirectional SiC/CAS(calcium alumina silicate), SiC/CAS-Ⅱ and SiC/borosilicate composites.      

Effects of the Fabrication Processes of NC-Si:H Films on Their Mechanical Properties

Studies of nanoindentation were performed on nc-Si:H films to evaluate the effects of the fabrication processes on their mechani-cal properties. It is observed that with the decrease of the SiH4 contents, the grain size of the films increases gradually, and as does the crystalline volume fraction. The smaller the grains become, the more homogeneous the films, and the more even the hardness as well as the modulus will be. The hardness and the modulus will increase with the substrate’s temperature rising. The hardness and the modulus of the nc-Si:H films on the Si substrate prove to be higher than those on the glass substrate given the same technology parameters. How-ever, the films on the glass substrate appear to be more homogeneous.     

Effects of the Fabrication Processes of NC-Si： H Films on Their Mechanical Properties

Studies of nanoindentation were performed on nc-Si：H films to evaluate the effects of the fabrication processes on their mechanical properties. It is observed that with the decrease of the SiH4 contents, the grain size of the films increases gradually, and as does the crystalline volume fraction. The smaller the grains become, the more homogeneous the films, and the more even the hardness as well as the modulus will be. The hardness and the modulus will increase with the substrate＇s temperature rising. The hardness and the modulus of the nc-Si：H films on the Si substrate prove to be higher than those on the glass substrate given the same technology parameters. How- ever, the films on the glass substrate appear to be more homogeneous.     

Fabrication of Diamond-like Carbon Films by Ion Assisted Middle Frequency Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering

Diamond-like carbon （DLC） films are deposited by the Hall ion source assisted by the mid-frequency unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique. The effects of the substrate voltage bias, the substrate temperature, the Hall discharging current and the argon/nitrogen ratio on the DLC film＇s performance were studied. The experimental results show that the film＇s surface roughness, the hardness and the Young＇s modulus increase firstly and then decrease with the bias voltage incrementally increases. Also when the substrate temperature rises, the surface roughness of the film varies slightly, but its hardness and Young＇s modulus firstly increase followed by a sharp decrease when the temperature surpassing 120 ℃. With the Hall discharging current incrementally rising, the hardness and Young＇s modulus of the film decrease and the surface roughness of the film on 316L stainless steel firstly decreased and then remains constant.     

Foreign Object Damage to Fan Rotor Blades of Aeroengine Part Ⅱ： Numerical Simulation of Bird Impact

Bird impact is one of the most dangerous threats to flight safety. The consequences of bird impact can be severe and, therefore, the aircraft components have to be certified for a proven level of bird impact resistance before being put into service. The fan rotor blades of aeroengine are the components being easily impacted by birds. It is necessary to ensure that the fan rotor blades should have adequate resistance against the bird impact, to reduce the flying accidents caused by bird impacts. Using the contacting-impacting algorithm, the numerical simulation is carded out to simulate bird impact. A three-blade computational model is set up for the fan rotor blade having shrouds. The transient response curves of the points corresponding to measured points in experiments, displacements and equivalent stresses on the blades are obtained during the simulation. From the comparison of the transient response curves obtained from numerical simulation with that obtained from experiments, it can be found that the variations in measured points and the corresponding points of simulation are basically the same. The deforming process, the maximum displacements and the maximum equivalent stresses on blades are analyzed. The numerical simulation verifies and complements the experiment results.     

Experimental investigation on impact performances of GLARE laminates

An experimental investigation was carried out on the damage resistance to a concentrated quasi-static indentation force and low-velocity impact of four kinds of glass-reinforced aluminum laminates(GLARE for short). Compared with the experimental results of the CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) laminates, the performance of GLARE was determined. By means of concentrated quasi-static indentation force test, typical force–displacement response,the maximum contact force and dent depth were received. Through drop-weight low-velocity impact tests, impact force histories, indentation depths(through a new method) and dissipated energy were obtained. The test results show that the force–displacement response of GLARE 4laminates under the concentrated quasi-static indentation force has an obvious flat roof and the failure is instantaneous, which are different from CFRP laminates. The indention will be visible once the impact happens. C-scan results find that there is no delamination besides the impact area after both the concentrated quasi-static indentation and low-velocity impact. The dissipated energy approximately equals the impact energy.     

Analyses toward factors influencing sealing clearance of a metal rubber seal and derivation of a calculation formula

Sealing clearance is a key factor for a metal rubber seal’s sealability. The expansion coef-ficient and expansion deformation in the radial direction of metal rubber have been obtained through a thermal expansion experiment of metal rubber. The influence of the elastic modulus to the sealing clearance has been analyzed theoretically. By combining the temperature and elasticity factors of metal rubber with the elastic mechanics theory, the calculation formula of the sealing clearance has been derived, and the values of the sealing clearance and the leakage rate in certain working conditions have been calculated. Experimental results are consistent with calculation results in a high degree. The calculation formula of the sealing clearance can explain the influences of the temperature and elastic modulus factors of metal rubber on the sealing clearance. It can pro-vide guidance for the study of sealing mechanism of metal rubber seals.     

显微组织对Al-Mg-Si合金断裂行为的影响

 <正> The hardness, tensile strength and fatigue properties of an Al-Mg-Si alloy were measured in this paper. The microstructures were observed using a transmission electron microscope. The tensile and fatigue fractures were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the microstructure affects the fracture behavior of the alloy markedly. The alloy exhibits dimpled fracture in UA and OA conditions, and mixed fracture with dimples and intergranular rupture in PA condition. The fatigue cracks were developed with the features of the alloy in UA condition. The cracks were developed with the second stage mode and the striations could be seen on the surface of the fractures for the alloy in PA and OA conditions. But the intergranular fracture and facets could also be seen in the crack initiation area at these conditions.     

Service life prediction of AP/Al/HTPB solid rocket propellant with consideration of softening aging behavior

The aging behavior of softening composite solid propellant was investigated by measuring its mechanical and ballistic prosperities during prolonged storage at elevated and room temperatures. Accelerated aging was conducted at 65 °C for 231 days while the normal aging was performed at 25 ± 3 °C and relative humidity less than 50% for 8 years. The mechanical properties were obtained from uniaxial tensile tests for the aged propellant specimens while the ballistic properties were determined from static firing tests of subscale motors aged for 112 days at 65 °C. The mechanical results show that the maximum tensile strength and Young's modulus initially increase and subsequently decrease with increasing aging time, while the maximum tensile strain generally increases with increasing aging time. The ballistic properties like burning rate show a small change which cannot affect the ballistic performance. The experimental results show that the changes in the mechanical properties are significant during the aging period, but the burning rate does not undergo significant changes. From this study, it is observed that the propellant ages through a combination of reactions like post-cure, oxidative cross-linking, chain scission, and hydrolysis. The chain scission and the hydrolysis effect are the most significant process, which makes the propellant soft and extendible. The observed aging mechanism has been modeled using an exponential function with two terms which can describe the complex behavior of the aging. By applying Arrhenius equation,the activation energy values were obtained based on the propellant mechanical properties. The shelf life of this propellant formulation at 25 °C is predicted to be 13 years using the modulus as failure criteria and control parameter.     

A model for discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface

With respect to the ergonomic evaluation and optimization in the mental task design of the aircraft cockpit display interface, the experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of mental workload were carried out under flight simulation task conditions using the performance evaluation, subjective evaluation and physiological measurement methods. The experimental results show that with an increased mental workload, the detection accuracy of flight operation significantly reduced and the reaction time was significantly prolonged; the standard deviation of R-R intervals（SDNN） significantly decreased, while the mean heart rate exhibited little change; the score of NASA_TLX scale significantly increased. On this basis, the indexes sensitive to mental workload were screened, and an integrated model for the discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface was established based on the Bayesian Fisher discrimination and classification method. The original validation and cross-validation methods were employed to test the accuracy of the results of discrimination and prediction of the integrated model, and the average prediction accuracies determined by these two methods are both higher than 85%. Meanwhile, the integrated model shows a higher accuracy in discrimination and prediction of mental workload compared with single indexes. The model proposed in this paper exhibits a satisfactory coincidence with the measured data and could accurately reflect the variation characteristics of the mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface, thus providing a basis for the ergonomic evaluation and optimization design of the aircraft cockpit display interface in the future.     

纳米压痕实验微米级深度硬度下降现象的研究(英文)

本文针对均匀材料微米级压痕深度,分析接触深度、接触面积、载荷以及加载时间几种因素对实验数据的影响,结合有限元数值模拟,说明压头几何缺陷、接触深度与接触面积的处理并不是造成微米级压痕硬度随压深增大而下降的主要原因,最可能的原因是材料的蠕变特性。进行了不同最大压深实验显示连续刚度法(CSM)将强化蠕变特性对硬度曲线的影响,证明造成该现象的重要原因是纳米压痕实验的实验方法问题。     

不同晶体取向单晶锗的力学性能

为了研究微纳米尺度下单晶锗的力学特性,采用纳米压痕仪对单晶锗(100)(110)和(111)晶面进行了纳米压痕实验,并通过原子力显微镜对材料表面进行了观测。根据单晶锗各晶面的位移-载荷曲线,对单晶锗各晶面的弹性回复率、硬度、弹性模量与压入深度之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:单晶锗在加载过程中分别经历了弹性变形、塑性变形和脆性变形三个阶段。当压入深度超过500 nm时,加载曲线上有突进点产生;当压入深度超过100 nm时,卸载曲线上有突退点产生。单晶锗的残余压痕形貌表现为凸起状,表明单晶锗具有较低的加工硬化趋势。当压入深度达到100 nm时,单晶锗表现出明显的尺寸效应,且单晶锗(111)晶面具有最低硬度和弹性模量值。表明相对于其他两个晶面,单晶锗(111)晶面具有更好的塑性变形能力。     

Fabrication of Diamond-like Carbon Films by Ion Assisted Middle Frequency Unbalanced Magnetron Sputtering

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are deposited by the Hall ion source assisted by the mid-frequency unbalanced magnetron sput-tering technique. The effects of the substrate voltage bias, the substrate temperature, the Hall discharging current and the argon/nitrogen ratio on the DLC film’s performance were studied. The experimental results show that the film’s surface roughness, the hardness and the Young’s modulus increase firstly and then decrease with the bias voltage incrementally increases. Also when the substrate temperature rises, the surface roughness of the film varies slightly, but its hardness and Young’s modulus firstly increase followed by a sharp decrease when the temperature surpassing 120 ℃. With the Hall discharging current incrementally rising, the hardness and Young’s modulus of the film decrease and the surface roughness of the film on 316L stainless steel firstly decreased and then remains constant.     

复合固体推进剂细观结构建模及脱黏过程数值模拟

为研究复合固体推进剂损伤演化规律,基于分子动力学颗粒填充算法构建了HTPB(hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene)推进剂细观结构模型,通过在AP(ammonium perchlorate)颗粒/HTPB基体界面处引入黏接接触替代传统的黏接单元,并基于Hooke Jeeves的参数优化算法反演得到颗粒/基体界面处内聚力模型参数,利用双线性和自定义指数型损伤内聚力模型模拟了AP颗粒和HTPB基体黏接界面处损伤的萌生、发展、聚合直至宏观裂纹破坏的过程。通过数值仿真与实验结果对比发现,指数型损伤内聚力模型比双线性模型能更准确描述推进剂单轴拉伸过程中颗粒与HTPB基体界面间脱黏过程。最后对比了多阶段加载实验结果与仿真结果曲线,发现两者变化趋势基本一致,最大偏差仅为10%,验证了所建细观模型的可靠性及反演所得界面参数的准确性。      

Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-SiC_W陶瓷复合材料的显微结构和力学性能

通过XRD、SEM、TEM及EPMA技术研究了Al_2O_3-25vol％ZrO_3(2mol％Y_3O_3)-25vol％SiCw(AZS)三元陶瓷复合材料的显微组织和力学性能。试验结果表明,该材料具有较好的强度和韧性配合,ZrO_2与SiC晶须同时起增韧作用。此外,SiC晶须以及弥散分布在Al_2O_3基体中的ZrO_2粒子也提高了该材料的断裂强度。室温下测得该材料的压痕断裂韧性为10.8MPam~(1/2),抗弯强度为676MPa。     

材料表面薄膜硬度的测试计算

给出了基于纳米硬度试验的表层薄膜的硬度测算方法。首先研究如何利用有限元计算弥补纳米硬度测量在压痕深度小于百纳米时的精度缺陷，进而探讨薄膜一基体材料系统的硬度随压痕深度变化的规律，最后导出了根据实验曲线预测表层薄膜材料的硬度的公式，并进行了实验验证。     

Integration of nanoindentation and finite element method for interpretable tensile properties:A cross-scale calculation method of uneven joints

Nanoindentation testing and its Reverse Analysis Method(RAM) show great potential in understanding the tensile properties of metallic alloys with various microstructures. Nevertheless,the tensile properties of heterogeneous materials such as nickel-based superalloy welded joints have not been well interpreted by combining the microstructures and nanoindentation results, due to their diverse and complex microscopic zones, which throws shade on the properties of separated zones in the material. He...     

短纤维增强热塑性树脂复合材料断裂机理研究

测定了两种短碳纤维(CF)增强热塑性树脂复合材料(CF/PPS和CF/PES-C)的抗拉强度(σ_y)、杨氏模量(E)反断裂韧性(K_(IC)等性能随碳纤维体积分数(0～40vol％)的变化。杨氏模量随CF含量增加而线性增加,Krenchel系数为0.05。σ_y和K_(IC)随CF增多而增大,在25vol％处出现峰值。根据裂纹钉扎模型,结合对负载-位移曲线及断口形貌,着重从界面结合力特征进行分析;计算得两种复合材料的等效裂纹张力分別为26kJ/m和2.1kJ/m。     

丁羟固体推进剂力学性能模拟计算

提出了丁羟固体推进剂力学性能的三相结构模型(分散相-界面相-连续相),建立了丁羟固体推进剂力学性能与弹性母体的伸长率和弹性模量、推进剂组分固体含量、粒径、级配、粘合剂和键合剂等的数学关系,进行了编程计算;推进剂抗拉强度和伸长率的计算结果与实验值吻合较好,并用该软件计算研究了弹性母体的伸长率及模量?AP的粒径及级配?键合剂的含量等对推进剂力学性能的影响规律。     

激光熔覆制备金属间化合物抗冲蚀涂层

采用同轴送粉方法,激光熔覆制备了WC增强Ni3Al金属间化合物基复合涂层,通过试验,优化了工艺参数,对激光熔覆涂层的成分、组织和硬度进行了测试和分析.结果表明,激光熔覆涂层无裂纹和气孔,与基体形成良好的冶金结合,WC颗粒的添加显著提高了涂层硬度.