Residual stress analysis of multi-pass cold spinning process

Uncontrolled residual stresses have significant effects on the service time and defects of the spun parts. Nowadays, X-Ray Diffraction(XRD) method has been widely used in the residual stress measurement of industry products with different forming processes. The calculated residual stress is usually obtained from the data fitting slope of strain and angle with Ordinary Least Squares(OLS) method. But this fitting method is not always suitable for the big fluctuant data. In this paper, the Weighted...     

Residual Strength of Stiffened LY12CZ Aluminum Alloy Panels with Widespread Fatigue Damage

Experimental and analytical investigations on the residual strength of the stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with widespread fatigue damage （WFD） are conducted. Nine stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with three different types of damage are tested for residual strength. Each specimen is pre-cracked at rivet holes by saw cuts and subjected to a monotonically increasing tensile load until failure is occurred and the failure load is recorded. The stress intensity factors at the tips of the lead crack and the adjacent WFD cracks of the stiffened aluminum alloy panels are calculated by compounding approach and finite element method （FEM） respectively. The residual strength of the stiffened panels with WFD is evaluated by the engineering method with plastic zone linkup criterion and the FEM with apparent fracture toughness criterion respectively. The predicted residual strength agrees well with the experiment results. It indicates that in engineering practice these methods can be used for residual strength evaluation with the acceptable accuracy. It can be seen from this research that WFD can significantly reduce the residual strength and the critical crack length of the stiffened panels with WFD. The effect of WFD crack length on residual strength is also studied.     

Analysis of crack opening stresses for center- and edge-crack tension specimens

Accurate determination of crack opening stress is of central importance to fatigue crack growth analysis and life prediction based on the crack-closure model. This paper studies the crack opening behavior for center- and edge-crack tension specimens. It is found that the crack opening stress is affected by the crack tip element. By taking the crack tip element into account, a modified crack opening stress equation is given for the center-crack tension specimen. Crack surface displace- ment equations for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under remote uniform tension and partially distributed pressure are derived by using the weight function method. Based on these displacements, a crack opening stress equation for an edge crack in a semi-infinite plate under uniform tension has been developed. The study shows that the crack opening stress is geometry-dependent, and the weight function method provides an effective and reliable tool to deal with such geometry depen- dence.     

ANALYSIS OF COEXISTENCE OF TWO KINDS OF MACRO-DEFECTS IN CUP-CUP AXISYMMETRIC COMBINED EXTRUSION

In this paper, the relationships between the region of the two coexisting kinds of macro-defects and the reduction in area, as well as between the region and the relative residual thickness of the billet are studied for the cup-cup axisymmetric combined extrusion, on the basis of the analytical expression obtained by the upper-bound approach. The presented model and conclusions are confirmed by the experimental results in this paper.     

Material parameter modeling and solution technique using birth–death element for notched metallic panel repaired with bonded composite patch

This paper seeks to outline a novel three-layer model and a new birth–death element solution technique to evaluate static strength of notched metallic panel repaired with bonded composite patch and to optimize material parameters. The higher order 3D, 8-node isotropic solid element and 8-node anisotropic layered solid element with three degrees of freedom per node are respectively implemented to model substrate panel, adhesive layer and composite patch to establish three-layer model of repaired panel. The new solving technique based on birth–death element is developed to allow solution of the stress pattern of repaired panel for identifying failure mode. The new model and its solution are used to model failure mode and residual strength of repaired panel, and the obtained results have a good agreement with the experimental findings. Finally, the influences of material parameter of adhesive layer and composite patch on the residual strength of repaired panel are investigated for optimizing material properties to meet operational and environmental constraints.     

基于静强度分布的复合材料疲劳寿命分布的预测模型(英文)

The reasons of the static strength dispersion and the fatigue life dispersion of composite laminates are analyzed in this article. It is concluded that the inner original defects, which derived from the manufacturing process of composite laminates, are the common and major reason of causing the random distributions of the static strength and the fatigue life. And there is a correlative relation between the two distributions. With the study of statistical relationship between the fatigue loading and the fatigue life in the uniform confidence level and the same survival rate S-N curves of material, the relationship between the static strength distribution and the fatigue life distribution through a material S-N curve model has been obtained. And then the model which is used to describe the distributions of fatigue life of composites, based on their distributions of static strength, is set up. This model reasonably reflects the effects of the inner original defects on the static strength dispersion and on the fatigue life dispersion of composite laminates. The experimental data of three kinds of composite laminates are employed to verify this model, and the results show that this model can predict the random distributions of fatigue life for composites under any fatigue loads fairly well.     

Processing map of as-cast 7075 aluminum alloy for hot working

The true stress–strain curves of as-cast 7075 aluminum alloy have been obtained by isothermal compression tests at temperatures of 300–500 °C and strain rates of 0.01–10 s 1. The plastic flow instability map is established based on Gegel B and Murthy instability criteria because the deformed compression samples suggest that the combination of the above two instability criteria has more comprehensive crack prediction ability. And the processing map based on Dynamic Material Model(DMM) of as-cast 7075 aluminum alloy has been developed through a superposition of the established instability map and power dissipation map. In terms of microstructure of the deformed samples and whether plastic flow is stable or not, the processing map can be divided into five areas: stable area with as-cast grain, stable area with homogeneous grain resulting from dynamic recovery, instability area with as-cast grain, instability area with the second phase and instability area with mixed grains. In consideration of microstructure characteristics in the above five areas of the processing map, the stable area with homogeneous grain resulting from dynamic recovery, namely the temperatures at 425–465 °C and the strain rates at 0.01–1 s 1, is suggested to be suitable processing window for the as-cast 7075 aluminum alloy.     

Evaluation of mixed mode-Ⅰ/Ⅱ criteria for fatigue crack propagation using experiments and modeling

In this study, in-plane mixed mode-Ⅰ/Ⅱ fatigue crack growth simulations and experiments are performed for the Al 7075-T651 aluminum alloy which is widely used in the aerospace industry. Tests are carried out under different mode mixity ratios to evaluate the applicability of a fracture criterion developed in a previous study to mixed mode-Ⅰ/Ⅱ fatigue crack growth tests.Results obtained from the analyses and experiments are compared with existing and developed criteria in terms of crack growth lives. Compact Tension Shear(CTS) specimens, which enable mixed mode loading with loading devices under different loading angles, are used in the simulations and experiments. In an effort to model and simulate the actual conditions in the experiments, crack surfaces of fractured specimens are scanned, crack paths are modeled exactly, and contacts are defined between the contact surfaces of a specimen and the loading device for each crack propagation step in the analyses. Having computed the mixed mode stress intensity factors from the numerical analyses, propagation life cycles are predicted by existing and the developed mixed mode-Ⅰ/Ⅱ criteria and then compared with experimental results.     

Experimental method for and defect tolerance of fixed plate theoretical research on based on damage mechanics

An experimental method and a theoretical analysis based on continuum damage mechan- ics are applied for the defects tolerance of fixed plate. The defects type studied in this article is scratch, which is considered a typical defect on fixed plate according to the engineering practice. The general approach to the defects tolerance analysis of scratched fixed plate is presented. The method of fatigue life prediction for standard notched specimens has been established on the basis of continuum damage mechanics. For the purpose of obtaining the influence law of fatigue life in consequence of scratches, fatigue experiments of standard notched specimens and scratched specimens have been done. Evalu- ation of the fatigue life of scratched fixed plate has been carried out. And the value of scratch defects permissible to the condition of safety service life has been worked out. According to the results of the- oretical calculations, the fatigue experiment of scratched fixed plate has been performed. The outcome shows that the theoretical prediction tallies with the experimental results.     

INVESTIGATION ON THE SCATTERINGOF ELASTIC WAVES (P OR SV) BY A PLANEINTERFACE CRACK IN LAYERED MEDIA

In this paper, the scattering of elastic waves by a plane interface crack in Layered media is investigated. By Fourier integral transform, the method of transfer matrix is extended to the scattering of elastic waves by a plane interface crack in layered media, and the problems are reduced to a set of dual integral equations in matrix form. As an example, the far field modes of scattering of elastic waves by a plane interface crack in a layered half space have been presented. Amplitudes in far field modes are plotted versus incident wave frequency for several groups of different material combinations, and the numerical results show that resonance peaks occur at some frequencies. The frequencies at which the resonanse peaks occur for P and SV waves are almost the same.     

起落架结构损伤容限特性研究

扼要地介绍了对某型主起落架结构的损伤容限特性研究。用同~个起落架完成了从疲劳裂纹形成到裂纹扩展、以及剩余强度和结构总体破坏试验全过程。损伤容限设计用于该起落架结构,可以获得更安全可靠的保证。     

安—24飞机延寿疲劳试验中裂纹临界长度和扩展寿命的计算

在飞机结构疲劳试验中,正确地给出裂纹的临界长度和扩展寿命是圆满完成疲劳试验,并保证损伤后的飞机能够通过剩余强度试验的关键环节。本文采用能量释放率法计算了安-24飞机延寿疲劳试验中主要裂纹的应力强度因子.并确定了临界长度和扩展寿命。这为适时结束安-24飞机疲劳试验,进行l审j余强度试验提供了理论分析依据,这里所给出的确定裂纹临界长度和扩展寿命的分析方法,对飞机结构疲劳试验和剩余强度试验有较高的参考价值;同时,这种分析方法对服役飞机出现裂纹后正确确定检测周期也具有一定参考价值。     

冷挤压孔边残余应力场中裂纹的应力强度因子

 本文给出了复杂应力场中圆孔边穿透裂纹问题的权函数解析解和各种基本载荷作用下孔边裂纹的应力强度因子计算公式。并据此计算了冷挤压孔边残余应力场中裂纹的应力强度因子,进而讨论了裂纹在外载荷和残余应力共同作用下疲劳扩展的特点。     

整体加筋壁板的破损安全特性与断裂控制分析

用有限元和断裂力学方法分析大型整体机翼下壁板的破损安全特性。对一个九桁条铝合金整体加筋板,裂纹从断裂筋条下向两侧均匀扩展的开裂形式,进行了应力强度因子和剩余强度计算,并和另一个具有相同构形的铆接加筋板的结果进行对比。当裂纹长度在两倍桁条间距以内时两种加筋板的剩余强度水平相当。但是当整体壁板中的裂纹穿过外侧相邻桁条时,整体桁条的止裂能力逐渐减弱。研究对整体壁板蒙皮胶接止裂条的断裂控制措施及有限元建模分析方法,描述止裂条胶层局部脱粘的处理方法和迭代过程。止裂条材料分别选用了钛合金和单向层压复合材料。计算结果说明胶接止裂措施能显著提高整体加筋板的破损安全性能。     

多裂纹结构中的多部位／多元件相互影响因子

多裂纹损伤严重影响飞机连接结构的损伤容限能力,针对多裂纹损伤结构引入了多部位相互影响因子（MSIF）和多元件相互影响因子（MEIF）的概念,以此来反映裂纹之间的相互影响,并给出了获得这两个影响因子的有限元计算过程。对典型的含多裂纹结构进行了模拟计算,获得了不同开裂状态下各裂纹尖端处的多部位相互影响因子和多元件相互影响因...     

6156-T4铝合金焊接加筋薄壁结构剩余强度评估的CTOD方法

为保证飞机设计满足损伤容限性能要求,有必要对其进行剩余强度评估。针对6156-T4铝合金焊接连接薄壁结构进行了R曲线和剩余强度试验,判断了裂纹扩展经过筋条时的裂纹扩展路径,测量了母板和筋条两个方向的裂纹扩展速率,并采用不同的断裂准则和分析方法对单及双跨度多个初始裂纹长度焊接加筋薄板的剩余强度进行了预测。结果表明:裂纹扩展在经过筋条时,同时沿着母板和筋条继续扩展,筋条上的裂纹扩展方向垂直于母板且两个方向的裂纹扩展速率基本相同;采用净截面屈服准则进行剩余强度预测时会低估这种韧性较好的焊接连接薄壁结构的剩余强度;基于SINTAP-FITNET评价体系,以裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD-δ5)作为裂纹尖端弹塑性表征参量进行剩余强度预测时,预测结果比采用K曲线预测方法精度高。     

一次预过载对铝合金喷丸前后缺口疲劳强度的影响

预过载拉伸可提高铝合金缺口疲劳寿命,但效果不及喷丸;过载量太大还使寿寿命趋于子下降。预过载压缩降低缺口疲劳寿命;喷丸后经过载压缩,寿命降低幅度更大,均与缺口残余应力及亚结构变化有关。     

镍基高温合金蠕变裂纹扩展的微观力学分析

光滑和预制裂纹的高温合金试件的应力持久寿命的实验结果说明,预先存在的小裂纹,严重地降低高温合金构件的应力持久强度和寿命。 扫描电镜和金相照片分析说明,裂纹沿晶界孔洞扩展。根据孔洞增长和与主裂纹顶端会合的微观力学分析,用蠕变J积分参量和裂纹张开位移速率推导出蠕变裂纹扩展公式。GH_(33A)高温合金的实验数据论证了上面的断裂力学分析。     

双轴应力下含裂纹加筋曲板剩余强度的弹塑性有限元计算

 采用考虑了大应变的弹塑性有限元方法,以裂纹尖端张开角为断裂准则,实现了双向受载条件下加筋曲板中裂纹起裂到失稳整个扩展过程的数值模拟计算;还对与加筋曲板有同样尺寸的加筋平板进行了分析和计算。结果表明,所提出的分析方法和所采用的断裂准则适用于对含裂纹加筋结构所进行的剩余强度分析。