往复式汽油直喷发动机燃油喷雾特性研究

通过试验研究了高压燃油喷射系统和涡旋喷油器的喷雾特性,在不同喷射压力、背压压力和喷油持续期条件下,利用高速摄像机对喷入定体积容器的雾态燃油进行了喷雾贯穿距离、喷雾锥角、喷雾远端燃油发展速度和液滴特性等参数的测量.试验结果表明在低背压压力下,喷雾呈现出空锥、较大范围的分布形态,有利于实现燃油与空气的均质混合;然而在高背压条件下,喷雾呈现出紧凑密集的分布形态,有利于实现燃油与空气的分层混合.获得的贯穿距离经验公式与试验测量值在一定范围内是一致的.低背压条件下,涡旋形态出现在喷雾的远端,而在高背压条件下,涡旋形态出现在喷雾的中部.      

A novel low pressure-difference fluctuation electro-hydraulic large flowrate control valve for fuel flowrate control of aeroengine afterburner system

To address the control accuracy of large fuel flowrate during pressure fluctuation, a novel electro-hydraulic fuel metering unit (FMU) is constructed for afterburner fuel system of military aeroengine. Different from the previous FMU, the proposed FMU can achieve the higher precision opening control by a new metering valve with double control chambers (MVDCC), and realize the lower pressure difference fluctuation regulating by a novel two-stage constant pressure difference compensated valve (CPDCV) with dynamic damping orifice and damping piston. The experimental and AMESim simulation results verify the validity and superiority of the novel FMU. Since the temperature-induced variation in fuel properties and device capabilities may degrade or even impair the properties of novel FMU, the discharge flowrate is analyzed by global sensitivity analysis to research the effect proportion of each factor, the temperature effect is explored to ensure the working reliability in long-span temperature variation. Finally, the optimization of structure parameters for novel CPDCV can further reduce pressure difference fluctuation during pressure regulation, and the overshoot, adjust time and the integral of time multiplied by absolute value of error (ITAE) can be reduced by 24%, 30% and 26%, respectively. This paper provides a reference for improving the stability of large flowrate during pressure fluctuation.     

小型航空活塞发动机喷油异常的故障诊断

针对小型航空活塞发动机出现的喷油异常故障,基于发动机的缸内压力和缸盖振动信号,采用一种变分模态分解和布谷鸟搜索优化支持向量机相结合的故障诊断方法对发动机喷油异常故障进行诊断。该方法使用变分模态分解对发动机的缸内压力信号和缸盖振动信号进行处理得到本征模态函数,对本征模态函数进行奇异值分解和能量特征提取,将缸内压力和缸盖振动的数据集输入布谷鸟搜索算法优化的支持向量机模型中进行训练和测试。结果表明:该方法较好地识别出发动机喷油异常的故障,其中缸内压力和缸盖振动信号的故障识别分类准确率分别为95.32%和92.47%,验证了该方法的有效性。      

大功率船用柴油机起动性能试验研究

为了满足大功率船用柴油机的快速起动需求，针对船用柴油机的起动过程进行试验研究，总结了不同因素对船用柴油机起动性能的影响规律。试验结果表明：柴油机在起动初期，起动机退出时间应不早于共轨建压时间；喷油参数对起动性能的影响最大，占比超过48%，通过优化喷油参数可以大幅改善起动性能。对于大功率船用柴油机，采用低轨压、小油量起动，然后迅速切换至高轨压、大油量的喷油策略，可以使柴油机快速喷油并释放大量热量、有效缩短起动时间。     

二冲程重油直喷发动机混合气形成研究

针对航空煤油蒸发困难、二冲程发动机油耗高的问题,建立了二冲程重油直喷发动机的三维仿真模型,并通过试验验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上研究了发动机的换气及混合气形成过程。研究结果表明:推迟喷油在减少燃油短路时间的同时,避开了排气流量较大的自由排气阶段,可以提升燃油捕获率;提前喷油,利用废气的高温可以加快煤油的蒸发进程,并且喷油过晚会导致煤油蒸发不完全、油气混合不均。所研究发动机在下止点前80°曲轴转角开始喷油可以保证燃油蒸发和均匀混合的同时提升燃油的捕获率。此时发动机具有较高的指示功率和较低的燃油消耗率,分别为84.0 kW和360.3 g/kWh。该研究结果可以为二冲程重油直喷发动机的喷油参数优化提供理论支撑。      

温度对飞机燃油射流泵工作特性影响

建立了射流泵数学模型,采用数值计算方法对其工作特性进行了模拟,搭建了实验台,采用RP-3燃油,通过实验数据验证了模型的正确性.在此基础上,分别选择了RP-3和JET-A两种燃油,计算了从-40℃~40℃温度下,不同操作压力对射流泵流量比的影响.结果表明:燃油温度高于0℃时,温度对射流泵工作特性影响并不明显,随着温度的降低,射流泵性能与标准温度下（20℃）偏差越来越大,且压比越高此偏差越明显.当温度高于0℃时,采用RP-3和JET-A燃油性能相差不大,RP-3燃油性能略优于JET-A燃油,但是在低温下,RP-3燃油性能远高于JET-A燃油.因此当燃油温度较低且压比较高时,必须充分考虑温度对射流泵特性的影响.      

High energy density regenerative fuel cell systems for terrestrialapplications

Regenerative Fuel Cell System (RFCS) technology for energy storage has been a NASA power system concept for many years. Compared to battery-based energy storage systems, RFCS has received relatively little attention or resources for development because the energy density and electrical efficiency were not sufficiently attractive relative to advanced battery systems. Even today, RFCS remains at a very low technology readiness level (TRL of about 2 indicating feasibility has been demonstrated). Commercial development of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells for automobiles and other terrestrial applications and improvements in lightweight pressure vessel design to reduce weight and improve performance make possible a high energy density RFCS energy storage system. The results from this study of a lightweight RFCS energy storage system for a remotely piloted, solar-powered, high altitude aircraft indicate an energy density up to 790 wh/kg with electrical efficiency of 53.4% is attainable. Such an energy storage system would allow a solar-powered aircraft to carry hundreds of kilograms of payload and remain in flight indefinitely for use in atmospheric research, Earth observation, resource mapping, and telecommunications. Future developments in the areas of hydrogen and oxygen storage, pressure vessel design, higher temperature and higher pressure fuel cell operation, unitized regenerative fuel cells, and commercial development of fuel cell technology will improve both the energy density and electrical efficiency of the RFCS     

微型定容多次燃油喷射系统高速响应特性仿真

针对小排量发动机转速范围大、工作循环喷油量小的特点,提出了一种微型定容多次燃油喷射系统结构,建立了系统电、磁、液、机耦合模型,仿真计算了从输入电压到喷射输出的动态响应特性,分析了影响系统高速特性的关键因素.结果表明:该喷射系统响应频率可达到1000Hz,响应时间可以满足小排量发动机最高转速要求,具备工程可实现性.      

旋转阀脉冲爆震发动机电控共轨式燃油系统

为提高旋转阀脉冲爆震发动机(RVPDE)燃油系统性能,增强电磁阀的高频适应性,应用汽车行业领先的共轨技术,设计满足RVPDE性能要求的共轨式燃油系统(Common Rail System of PDE,CRP),并对系统控制性能、流量特性和动态响应特性进行实验研究。研究结果表明:CRP喷射时间可控制到微秒级,所有爆震管每次喷射之间的差别可控制在5%以内,电磁阀开启、关闭的动态响应时间均在1ms以内。     

航空重油发动机燃油供给系统动力学模型分析

针对航空重油发动机燃油供给系统,建立了包括一维管路流动模型、液力模型、机械模型以及电磁模型在内的完整系统数学模型.该系统模型仿真了在系统机械部件高速运动作用下,燃油供给系统内以波的扰动形式传播的非定常流动,计算得到了系统内的压力波动特性,并最终预测了系统喷油规律.经试验验证,仿真结果与试验数据吻合,该模型具有较好的准确性和较好的应用前景.