氧化物陶瓷基复合材料研究进展

从基体和纤维的选择、制备工艺等几方面综述了国内外氧化物陶瓷基复合材料的研究现状，着重阐述了溶胶-凝胶法、化学气相渗透法、反应熔体浸渗法、先驱体浸渗热解法、电泳沉积法、浆料浸渗热压和浆料浸渗结合氧化物先驱体浸渗热解法等氧化物基复合材料制备工艺原理及其优缺点。并提出了发展氧化物陶瓷基复合材料应解决的关键问题。     

硅溶胶强化辅助制备C纤维增韧氧化铝结合莫来石陶瓷基复合材料

通过氧化铝先驱体溶液循环浸渍热解结合硅溶胶浸渗强化的方法制备了三维C纤维预制体增韧的氧化铝结合莫来石陶瓷基复合材料 ,研究了氧化铝浸渗工艺对试样增重率、气孔率以及热处理温度对试样内气孔尺寸和分布的影响 ,分析了复合材料物相、微结构以及复合材料的力学性能。结果表明 ,硝酸铝饱和溶液浸渗纤维预制体并热解后试样的增重率和开气孔率呈类似抛物线曲线 ;由于硝酸铝分解生成氧化铝的煅烧温度不同 ,氧化铝晶态及物理特性不同 ,试样内气孔尺寸和分布差别较大 ;选择经过 115 0℃预处理的试样进行硅溶胶浸渗 ,然后 14 0 0℃处理 2h ,氧化硅与氧化铝完全反应生成莫来石 ,获得了较为致密的复合材料 ,室温三点弯曲强度和断裂应变分别为 180MPa和 2 .2 %。     

树脂浸渍热解次数对C/SiC刹车材料结构的影响

采用三维针刺碳纤维预制体,通过树脂浸渍热解工艺制备C/C多孔体,然后结合反应熔体浸渗法(RMI)制备了C/SiC复合材料,研究了树脂浸渍次数对C/C多孔体及C/SiC复合材料结构的影响。     

C/ C-SiC 复合材料的反应熔渗法制备与微观组织

采用无压反应熔渗法在1 550℃下将熔融Si或Si0.9Zr0.1浸渗入多孔C/C预制体中制备了高致密的C/C-SiC复合材料.系统研究了多孔C/C预制体中酚醛树脂热解碳(PIP-C)和化学气相渗透碳(CVI-C)对反应熔渗Si或Si0.Zr0.1的浸渗行为、反应程度、物相成分和微观组织的影响.结果表明:熔融Si或Si0.Zr0.1完全渗入到相邻碳纤维束间的大孔和碳纤维形成的小孔中,多孔PIP-C/C预制体较易浸渗,且反应较充分,熔渗Si0.9 Zr0.1后复合材料中除了生成大量SiC外,还有少量ZrC和ZrSi2生成,未发现游离Si.多孔PIP-C/C预制体中部分碳纤维与熔体反应,损伤纤维,而多孔CVI-C/C预制体中的沉积碳仅与熔体反应生成了一薄层,很好地保护了碳纤维,保持了碳纤维的高性能.提出反应熔渗制备C/C-SiC复合材料的形成机制:由初期的溶解-沉淀控制和后期的C向SiC层扩散控制为主.     

低浸渗压力制备短纤维增强铝硅合金复合材料

利用液态浸渗技术制备了氧化铝纤维增强铝基复合材料。结果表明，在低压下使液态合金浸渗纤维预制件制备铝基复合材料是可行的，在浸渗过程中，液态合金的温度对浸渗压力有较大影响。所制备的复合材料组织均匀，基体中的共晶组织可依附在纤维表面形核生长。     

先驱体转化法制备低成本碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料研究

综述了影响碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料成本的主要因素，比较了采用不同先驱体原料和制备工艺制备的陶瓷基复合材料的制备周期、成本及性能，为先驱体转化制备低成本陶瓷基复合材料提供一些参考。     

液相法制造C/Al复合材料

 采用液相浸渗法制造C/Al复合材料,研究了液相浸渗工艺参数对复合材料浸渗过程和组织性能的影响。液相浸渗压力是浸渗工艺的保证,纤维预热温度是关键。实验取得C(SiC)/Al复合材料液相浸渗最优工艺条件,所获得的复合材料抗拉强度高达908MPa.     

单向Hi-Nicalon/SiC复合材料的工艺与性能

对比了采用先驱体转化法及热压法制备的单向Hi-Nicalon纤维增强SiC基复合材料的性能差异,结果表明制备工艺对复合材料的微观结构和性能有极大的影响.采用先驱体转化制备的Hi-Nicalon/SiC复合材料具有较好的性能,弯曲强度为703.6MPa,断裂韧性为23.1MPa@m1/2;两种工艺制备的碳化硅基复合材料性能产生差别的主要原因是高温下Hi-Nicalon纤维的性能下降.     

无压浸渗制备Si3N4／Al复合材料的界面反应研究

研究Si3N4多孔预制体的表面氧化程度对无压浸渗制备Si3N4/Al复合材料界面反应以及复合材料性能的影响是复合材料优化设计的基础.不同氧化程度的Si3N4多孔预制体在相同的浸渗工艺下无压浸渗制得Si3N4/Al复合材料,利用EDS,XRD和洛氏硬度计分别测定陶瓷多孔预制体的成份,复合材料的相组成和硬度.结果表明:Si3N4/Al复合材料组成相包括Al,Si3N4,AlN以及少量的Si,Mg2Si,MgO,MgAl2O4;随着氧化程度增加,复合材料内AlN相减少,MgO含量增加,并逐渐出现MgAl2O4相;复合材料的硬度随预制体的氧化程度增加而线性下降;预制体的氧化造成Si3N4和Al之间的反应减弱是硬度下降的重要原因.     

纤维表面PIP-SiC涂层对2D-SiC_f/SiC复合材料力学性能影响

采用低浓度先驱体溶液利用先驱体浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺在SiC纤维表面制备了SiC涂层,研究了浸渍裂解次数对纤维涂层形貌的影响.研究表明,采用10%的PCS先驱体溶液经3次浸渍裂解后可在纤维表面制得连续致密的SiC涂层.采用经涂层处理的SiC纤维布经热模压成型-先驱体浸渍裂解工艺制备了2D-SiCf/SiC复合材料,其弯曲强度随制备涂层浸渍裂解次数的增加先增后降,经3次浸渍裂解制备涂层的复合材料强度最高,由未经涂层处理的163.5MPa增大到245.9MPa,强度提高近50%.研究证明,SiC纤维表面SiC涂层使纤维在材料致密化过程所受的损伤减小,同时改善了界面,使复合材料强度明显提高.     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.