GPS姿态测量的载波相位整周模糊度快速解算

 根据 ARCE方法可以将模糊度搜索空间从所观测到的 m颗卫星的 m -1维降为 3维独立整周模糊度搜索空间,结合整数高斯变换及基线长度约束减小模糊度搜索空间,利用 Cholesky分解提高模糊度搜索效率,实验结果证明该方法能够快速解算整周模糊度适于实时姿态确定等应用。     

一种GPS整周模糊度的解算方法

初始整周模糊度的求解是利用GPS载波相位进行测量的关键问题,文中提出了一种GPS整周模糊度快速解算方法。该方法：首先,对双差观测方程中指向卫星的方向阵进行QR分解;然后,通过比较估计出的基线长度和真实的基线长度建立起整周模糊度初始搜索范围;最后,综合利用快速剔除不合理模糊度解的检验方法以得到最终的模糊度解。文中对所提出的算法进行了理论推导,并进行了基于实测数据的实验与分析。实验结果表明,该算法计算量小,快速准确,适合整周模糊度的快速动态求解。     

利用几何约束快速求解整周模糊度

本文以GPS载波相位测量确定载体姿态的应用为背景，针对其中的关键技术问题－载波相位整周模糊度的快速解算，提出了一种充分利用卫星与基线之间几何约束来压缩搜索空间，快速得到正确的双差模糊度组合的方法，并通过对ADUⅡ接收机采集的原始数据进行处理，其结果证明这的确是一种行之有效的模糊度搜索方法。     

带有加权基线长约束的GPS/BDS单历元姿态解算算法研究

研究基于GNSS信号的实时载体动态姿态测量算法具有重要意义,多频多模姿态测量算法是目前的研究热点和难点。本文提出一种基于GPS L1/L2和BDS B1三频点观测数据进行联合定姿的新算法,可实现单历元整周模糊度解算,且该算法对周跳不敏感,克服了单频点定姿可靠性差、精度低的缺点。针对多频多模观测时天线相位中心的差异性问题,采用基于加权基线长度约束和上下边界函数的方法实现整周模糊度搜索空间的压缩,提高了整周模糊度解算的效率。最后基于实际测试数据评估定姿精度,实验表明,采用L1/L2/B1三频点联合估计,航向角和俯仰角的精度可达0.1?/m和0.2?/m,比单频观测的精度高约2倍。     

GPS 双基线载体姿态测量研究

研究了采用双基线方案测量载体的姿态,利用GPS双差相位测量基线矢量,双差伪距观测值辅助解相位整周模糊,双频时引入空间变换缩小置信空间搜索次数,通过实例分析得出了正确解算相位模糊与观测次数、伪距测量精度的关系,并利用误差传播定律对姿态测量精度进行分析,结合卫星星历数据计算表明,在卫星运行周期内航向角和俯仰角平均测量精度在一定条件下优于2mrad.     

基于自适应遗传算法的DGPS整周模糊度快速解算

 鉴于遗传算法(GA)所具有的全局搜索特性,也为了更快速准确地解算差分全球定位系统(DGPS)整周模糊度,将自适应遗传算法(AGA)引入DGPS整周模糊度的搜索中。首先根据全球定位系统(GPS)载波相位双差方程求解出双差整周模糊度的浮点解,并以基线长度作为约束条件确定整周模糊度的搜索范围;然后利用白化滤波的方法对整周模糊度进行降相关处理,降低整周模糊度各分量之间的相关性;最后将自适应遗传算法应用在整周模糊度的解算过程中,搜索整周模糊度的最优解。仿真计算结果表明,与LAMBDA算法和简单遗传算法相比,自适应遗传算法能够快速地求解整周模糊度,也具有较好的可靠性和鲁棒性。     

GPS载波相位在大型载体姿态测量中的应用

本文针对舰船等大型栽体的姿态测量，采用GPS载波相位双差测量法来确定载体的姿态，应用载波相位确定栽体的姿态需要解决的关键问题是整周模糊度的确定。文中利用空间几何关系，来压缩模糊度的搜索空间，以加快模糊度的解算速度。通过静态和动态试验对文中的方法进行了检验，在静态用3．48米长的基线其偏航角精度优于0．06度，动态时用3．48米长基线来验证了算法的正确性。通过试验该测姿系统在实时性、精度、可靠性等方面能满足精确定姿要求，是实现动基座惯性导航系统快速初始对准的重要手段之一。     

短基线动态相对定位中GPS单历元解算整周模糊度方法

针对短基线动态相对定位中快速解算整周模糊度的难题，提出了一种新的方法——GPS单历元解算整周模糊度。文中对相关的观测方程、载波相位的观测精度、真假解的识别等问题进行了详细讨论。试验证明，该方法正确、可靠，解决了快速解算整周模糊度这个难题，克服了传统方法需要进行静态初始化等问题。将该方法应用在车辆、舰船等移动载体上，可以实现真正意义上的实时动态相对定位，具有重要的应用价值。     

平均场退火算法在GPS姿态确定中的应用

研究了基于GPS载波相位测量载体姿态的技术 ,采用了精度高速度快的平均场退火算法(MFANN)。MEFANN是竞争性的Hopfield神经网络和随机模拟退火算法结合起来的一种算法 ,用来求解最优姿态确定问题。首先阐述了GPS载波相位姿态测量基本原理 ,接下来建立了姿态测量系统数学模型 ,应用MFANN算法来解算整周模糊度和方位角 ,最后给出了应用MFANN方法求解的实例 ,说明该方法是有效的     

差分GPS载波相位测量整周模糊度的快速求解

对Cholesky分解整周模糊度的求解进行了改进,在求解整周模糊度的过程中,首先采用LAMBDA法对整周模糊度进行整数线性变换再作Cholesky分解,然后利用最优剪枝法（bestcut）对整周模糊度进行搜索,实验结果表明该方法具有快速搜索整周模糊度的能力,可以满足采用GPS载波相位测量确定姿态以及GPS载波相位测量与INS组合的实时性。     

Attitude determination with GPS: experimental results

An approach to global positioning system (GPS) attitude determination and the results of an experimental evaluation are presented. The most outstanding features of the method are the fundamental observable used for attitude calculation, the triple difference, and the introduction of a new parameter, the differential dilution of precision (DDOP), which relates the GPS satellite geometry to the GPS accuracy when measuring angular magnitudes. The experiment used two commercial off-the-shelf GPS C/A code receivers delivering integrated Doppler measurements. The algorithm is robust with respect to phase cycle slips and does not require solving the usual integer ambiguity of the measurements. The preliminary results show that absolute attitude determination requires a calibration of the baseline and that the relative attitude accuracy is on the order of 0.1° or 2 mrads for the case of a 2-m-long baseline     

Attitude determination using dedicated and nondedicatedmultiantenna GPS sensors

We show that the use of nondedicated Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors to determine the attitude parameters of a vessel yields the same level of performance as the use of a dedicated multiantenna receiver, namely an agreement of the order of 0.1° (1σ). The test platform is a survey launch operating at cruising speeds of 10 to 15 kt. The dedicated multiantenna receiver is a four-antenna Ashtech 3DF unit, while the nondedicated sensor array consists of three NovAtel GPSCard^TM receivers. The approach used to resolve the relative carrier phase integer ambiguities between the antennas is discussed and the use of antenna baseline constraints is analyzed. A least-squares procedure which utilizes all the position information from the antennas for the estimation of the attitude parameters and their accuracy is presented. The attitude determination results from the two configurations tested are intercompared     

Instantaneous GPS attitude determination

A procedure for instantaneous GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) attitude determination, i.e., a solution for the GPS integrated carrier Doppler wavelength ambiguities using only measurements at a single epoch, is described. Most previous techniques to solve the phase ambiguity problem have required some form of time history processing relying on GPS satellite and/or user motion to provide enough geometry change to eliminate false solutions. The algorithm described assumes three noncollinear antennas and integrated carrier Doppler measurements from four or more satellites. Double-difference processing provides at least three independent observables for the two antenna separation vectors to compute the three attitude Euler angles     

Development of GPS-based attitude determination algorithms

This paper describes two Global Positioning System (GPS) based attitude determination algorithms which contain steps of integer ambiguity resolution and attitude computation. The first algorithm extends the ambiguity function method to account for the unique requirement of attitude determination. The second algorithm explores the artificial neural network approach to find the attitude. A test platform is set up for verifying these algorithms.     

Integer ambiguity resolution in GPS for spinning spacecrafts

A procedure to compute the integer ambiguity problem when a GPS receiver is used in a multiple antenna configuration attached to a rotating spacecraft is presented. The method is applied to a simulation of an experimental satellite which uses the GPS receiver for attitude determination     

I: PRECISE ORBIT DETERMINATION AND GRAVITY FIELD MODELLING: Strategies for Precise Orbit Determination of Low Earth Orbiters Using the GPS

Considerable experience accumulated during the past decade in strategies for processing GPS data from ground-based geodetic receivers. First experience on the use of GPS observations from spaceborne receivers for orbit determination of satellites on low altitude orbits was gained with the launch of TOPEX/POSEIDON ten years ago. The launch of the CHAMP satellite in July 2000 stimulated a number of activities worldwide on improving the strategies and algorithms for orbit determination for Low Earth Orbiters (LEOs) using the GPS. Similar strategies as for ground-based receivers are applied to data from spaceborne GPS receivers to determine high precision orbits. Zero- and double-differencing techniques are applied to obtain kinematic and/or reduced-dynamic orbits with an accuracy which is today at the decimeter level. Further developments in modeling and processing strategies will continuously improve the quality of GPS-derived LEO orbits in the near future. A significant improvement can be expected from fixing double-difference phase ambiguities to integer numbers. Particular studies focus on the impact of a combined processing of LEO and GPS orbits on the quality of orbits and the reference frame realization. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.