反应等离子喷涂Fe-Ti-C复合粉末制备金属陶瓷涂层的组织形成机理

以蔗糖为碳的前驱体、TiFe粉为原料制备Fe-Ti-C系反应热喷涂复合粉末,通过等离子喷涂沉积TiC/Fe金属陶瓷涂层,利用"淬熄试验"研究涂层组织形成机理.采用XRD和SEM分析喷涂粉末、涂层以及淬熄粒子的组织结构.结果表明:每个复合粉末团粒构成独立的反应单元,在喷涂飞行过程中首先出现Ti-Fe液相,然后整个团粒发生球化;熔化的团粒内部生成大量细小TiC颗粒,表层有少量TiC聚集,与基板碰撞后形成复合强化片层与TiC聚集片层交替叠加的涂层结构;随飞行距离增大,团粒外部TiC聚集层增厚,内部TiC颗粒减少,碰撞扁平化程度降低;最终涂层由TiC和Fe两相组成,大量亚微米级TiC颗粒呈内晶型均匀分布于Fe基体中.     

纳米Al2O3添加对ZrO2涂层显微结构与性能的影响

以纳米Al2O3,和ZrO2为原料,利用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)沉积了ZrO2,ZrO2-15%Al2O3,(体积分数,下同)和ZrO2-30%Al2O3三种涂层.运用FESEM,SEM,TEM,XRD和Raman Spectroscopy等分析技术对涂层相组成、显微结构进行了确定.测定了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度等性能.结果表明:Al2O3添加并不改变ZrO2涂层主晶相组成,但主晶相拉曼峰明显展宽.Al2O3颗粒以非晶形式存在于ZrO2颗粒间,有利于ZrO2涂层的增强增韧性能.ZrO2涂层中可观测到团簇颗粒与层状结构组成的双模结构.ZrO2涂层的沉积效率、结合强度与显微硬度可明显提高,有利于ZrO2涂层使用寿命与抗摩擦性能的改善.     

添加镍粉和二硼化锆防静电涂层的对比研究

对添加镍粉和二硼化锆涂层的导电性进行了对比试验，讨论了添加型防静电涂层的防静电机理。试验结果表明：添加型防静电涂层导电通路的形成是导电粒子的直接接触和隧道效应综合作用的结果。文中还推导了计算涂层中导电粒子间距的近似公式。     

激光重熔等离子喷涂纳米氧化锆热障涂层组织与性能

采用等离子喷涂纳米氧化锆(ZrO_2-8%Y_2O_3)团聚粉末制备了纳米氧化锆热障涂层,利用连续CO_2激光对其进行重熔处理.以常规热障涂层作为比较对象,研究了纳米氧化锆热障涂层和激光重熔涂层的组织结构、硬度、抗热冲击性能.结果表明:纳米氧化锆热障涂层组织结构为独特的纳米-微米复合结构,主要有柱状晶和未熔融或部分熔融纳米颗粒组成;激光重熔热障涂层的组织结构为表面等轴晶+断面柱状晶.硬度试验和抗热冲击性能试验综合比较结果显示:相对于常规氧化锆热障涂层,纳米氧化锆热障涂层和激光重熔热障涂层拥有更好的性能.因此将纳米技术和激光重熔表面处理技术与等离子喷涂技术结合起来制备热障涂层是提高热障涂层性能的非常有前景的工艺方法.     

激光熔覆制备WCp/Ni-Si-Ti复合涂层

在Ni基高温合金表面预置3种不同WC含量的Ni78Si13Ti9(at%)粉末,采用激光熔覆制备了WC和原位自生TiC复相陶瓷增强Ni3(Si,Ti)基复合涂层.利用扫描电镜、能谱分析仪和X射线衍射仪对熔覆层组织进行分析,并测量了其显微硬度.结果表明,熔覆层与基体呈冶金结合,熔覆层组织主要由Ni(Si)固溶体、Ni3(Si,Ti)金属间化合物和WC-TiC复相陶瓷组成.随WC添加量增加,涂层中复相陶瓷含量增多;孔隙率增大;碳化物形态演变历程为不规则状、花瓣状以及不规则状和花瓣状共存.     

三种热喷涂工艺制备NiCr/Cr_3C_2-BaF_2·CaF_2涂层的结构与性能

采用大气等离子喷涂、爆炸喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂三种热喷涂技术制备了NiCr／Cr3C2-BaF2·CaF2涂层,分析比较了涂层的显微组织、物相组成、孔隙率、硬度、结合强度及其摩擦学性能。结果表明,与大气等离子喷涂相比,超音速火焰喷涂和爆炸喷涂技术制备的涂层具有更高的致密度、硬度和结合强度。采用包覆法制备的粉末进行喷涂,碳化物失碳明显减少,涂层中氧化物含量低。三种NiCr／Cr3C2-BaF2·CaF2热喷涂涂层的摩擦系数都随着温度的升高而减小,爆炸喷涂和超音速火焰喷涂涂层的摩擦系数比等离子喷涂涂层的摩擦系数更低,耐磨性得到提高。高温下BaF2·CaF2润滑膜的形成均可有效降低三种涂层的摩擦系数,从而降低涂层和对磨球Si3N4的磨损率。     

尿素法制备氮化物陶瓷材料的研究进展

综述了近年来尿素法制备氮化物陶瓷粉体、涂层、纳米管和陶瓷基复合材料等的研究进展,并对其发展趋势作了展望.     

航空发动机热障涂层材料体系的研究

介绍了热障涂层的结构、陶瓷表层材料和中间粘结层的材料发展趋势。热障涂层的结构已由经典的双层结构向成分、结构连续变化的梯度结构发展,涂层的寿命有明显的提高。制备方法中电子束物理气相沉积技术具有明显优势。热障涂层表层材料的最佳成分是(质量百分数6%～8%)Y2O3部分稳定的ZrO2陶瓷材料。粘结层体系发展的一个重要趋势是能同时保证力学性能和抗氧化性能的低Al含量NiCoCrAlY。     

7YSZ coating prepared by PS-PVD based on heterogeneous nucleation

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) as a novel coating process based on low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS) has been significantly used for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A coating can be deposited from liquid splats, nano-sized clusters, and the vapor phase forming different structured coatings, which shows obvious advantages in contrast to conventional technologies like atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In addition, it can be used to produce thin, dense, and porous ceramic coatings for special applications because of its special characteristics, such as high power, very low pressure, etc. These provide new opportunities to obtain different advanced microstructures, thus to meet the growing requirements of modern functional coatings. In this work, focusing on exploiting the potential of gas-phase deposition from PS-PVD, a series of 7YSZ coating experiments with various process conditions was performed in order to better understand the deposition process in PS-PVD, where coatings were deposited on different substrates including graphite and zirconia. Meanwhile, various substrate temperatures were investigated for the same substrate. As a result, a deposition mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation has been presented showing that surface energy is an important influencing factor for coating structures. Besides, undercooling of the interface between substrate and vapor phase plays an important role in coating structures.     

Coating deposition regularity depended on orientation difference in PS-PVD plasma jet

The YSZ coatings are prepared by the plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) technology based on a specific experimental design. The structure, thickness and growth angle of YSZ coatings on the entire circumferential surface of the cylindrical sample are studied. The results indicated that the structure, thickness and deflection growth angle of YSZ coatings are related to the orientation of deposition location. The numerical simulation of the multiphase mixed fluid near the substrate is carried out and the deposition regularity and mechanism of YSZ coatings prepared by PS-PVD is deduced. The growth rate is related to the local characteristics of the plasma flow field, and is directly proportional to the field pressure and inversely proportional to the field velocity. The growth angle of the coating is generally affected by the flow direction of the plasma jet. Especially, the normal component of velocity vector, V_norm, mainly affects the speed at which the coating grows vertically upwards. The tangential component of velocity vector, V_tan, determines the degree that the coating growth direction deviates from the vertical direction. When V_tan ≠ 0, the coating forms a fine column with a certain deflection angle and finally develops into an oblique columnar structure.     

Fe-Al／Al2O3梯度涂层制备过程中的热机械行为

在分析涂层中热应力产生机理的基础上,根据等离子喷涂制备过程中的实际受热条件和力学原理,建立了估算制备引起的涂层热应力的计算模型,并依此估算了Fe3Al-Al2O3涂层中的制备应力.通过对涂层微观结构的SEM观察,研究了Fe3Al-Al2O3涂层制备过程中的热机械行为特征及其对涂层性能的影响.结果表明,在梯度涂层中,随着组成成分的变化,热机械性能参量与制备应力均相应变化.最大热应力产生于梯度涂层的底层,从基体到表面沿厚度方向热应力逐渐减小.梯度涂层中的最大应力与平均应力值都小于单一Al2O3涂层中的热应力值.涂层与基体的热失配是涂层中热应力产生的根本原因.涂层成分的梯度化,可有效地缓和制备过程中的热应力.     

复合推进剂无烟化的实验研究

本文从实验上研究了一系列复合推进剂在燃烧室内点火所产生的燃气对激光、红外、可见光及微波等信号产生的衰减;对实验结果进行了理论分析和解释,找出了复合推进剂中AP粒度、含量、级配比、Al粉粒度、含量及燃烧室压力等诸因素对衰减大小的影响规律;同时也给出了对信号衰减较小的AP粒度级配范围,为复合推进剂无烟化的研究提供了参考依据.     

激光熔化沉积Ti-6Al-2Zr-Mo-V钛合金组织特征研究

采用激光熔化沉积快速制造工艺直接成形Ti-6Al-2Zr—Mo—V合金板材。激光熔化沉积过程中合金粉末充分熔化并在液态均匀混合以得到成分均匀、全致密的组织。SEM分析表明,激光沉积Ti-6Al-2Zr-Mo—V合金具有均匀细小的α／β双相片层组织,且片层取向随机多样,分布均匀。其组织特点与激光沉积过程中的快速凝固和固态相变有关。解释了其特征组织的形成机理,并讨论了其沉积层组织特征对性能的影响。     

航空发动机用环境障涂层的发展

碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料（CMC-SiCf/SiC）具有低密度、耐高温、高比强度等优点,是下一代高推重比航空发动机热端部件的主要候选材料之一。然而,该材料在燃气环境中面临严重的腐蚀问题。因此,需要在材料表面涂覆环境障涂层进行防护。本文综述了环境障涂层的选材要求、材料发展阶段、涂层制备技术、涂层考核与失效等,指出了环境障涂层今后在选材、制备、考核与评价的发展方向。     

Influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 Co-doping on Phase Stability,Thermo-physical Properties and Sintering of 8YSZ

The role of multicomponent rare earth oxides in phase stability, thermophysical properties and sintering for ZrO2-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) materials is investigated. 8YSZ codoped with 3 mol% Gd2O3 and 3 mol% Yb2O3 (GYb-YSZ) powders are synthesized by solid state reaction for 24 h at various temperatures. As temperature increases, stabilizers are dissolved into zirconia matrix gradually. Synthesized at 1 500 °C, GYb-YSZ is basically composed of cubic phase. GYb-YSZ exhibits excellent phase stability and sinters lower than 8YSZ by nearly three times. The thermal conductivity of GYb-YSZ is much lower than that of 8YSZ, and the thermal expansion coefficient of GYb-YSZ is comparable to that of 8YSZ. The influence of Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 co-doping on phase stability, thermal conductivity and sintering of 8YSZ is discussed.     

激光增材制造技术常用金属材料激光吸收率测量

应用反射率测量装置对几种激光金属增材制造技术常用金属粉末和金属板材的激光吸收率进行间接测量。对比不同粒度、球形度金属粉末激光吸收率的大小;测量金属粉末和金属板材分别对1064nm红外激光和532nm绿光激光的吸收率大小。测量结果表明,粉末的球形度越好、粒径越大,粉末对激光吸收率越高;金属粉末和金属板材对1064nm激光的吸收率小于532nm激光的吸收率。测量结果可为这些金属材料的激光增材制造提供试验数据基础。     

粉末耐热钛合金组织性能及成形技术

采用热等静压技术及旋转电极粉,采用预合金粉粉末冶金工艺开展了粉末耐热钛合金TC11(Ti-6.5AJ-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si)制备技术研究,研制出了全致密粉末TC11合金,通过热处理工艺研究优化粉末TC11材料的组织和性能.利用光学显微镜,对其组织进行了分析,用SEM观察了旋转电极粉末形貌,对室温及高温(550℃)拉伸性能及弹性模量等进行了测试分析.粉末TC11合金的组织和性能与同批次TC11锻棒材料进行了对比研究.利用特殊模具成形,开展了粉末TC11构件近净成形技术的研究,实现了整体大尺寸、带网格加强筋的薄壁粉末TC11合金航天飞行器舱体件近净成形,且未检测出内部缺陷.研究结果表明,粉末TC11合金具有与锻造材料相当的拉伸性能,而弹性模量更优,其金相组织均匀细致,形成了网篮组织,并有围绕其分布的等轴α.粉末TC11合金及合适的近净成形技术可在高性价比、高可靠性的轻质耐热航天飞行器构件制备中得到应用.     

铌合金MoSi2抗氧化涂层制备及组织性能分析

在铌合金棒试样上喷涂Mo粉高温烧结制得Mo层，然后在添加活化剂的Si粉中扩散渗制得Mo-Si2涂层。微观形貌分析表明涂层均匀致密，通过扩散与基材形成过渡层，结合力较好。抗氧化及抗热震试验验证了MoSi2涂层具有良好的综合性能。长时间氧化试验后涂层表面生成比较纯的玻璃质SiO2层，不仅隔绝氧气，也能填补涂层表面空隙。     

纳米SiO_2复合处理对7A52铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层孔隙率及性能的影响

通过向电解液中添加纳米二氧化硅颗粒（n—SiO2）,经微弧氧化,在7A52铝合金表面制备n—SiO2复合陶瓷层,研究n—SiO2复合处理对陶瓷层孔隙率及性能的影响。结果表明,经n-SiO2复合处理后,陶瓷层孔隙尺寸减小,孔隙率降低,致密性提高,因而陶瓷层显微硬度和抗盐雾腐蚀性能显著提高。n—SiO2在放电通道处沉积是陶瓷层致密性提高的主要原因。     

Comparative Study on Super Fine Mesophase Powder and MCMB Used to Manufacture High-Density Isotropic Carbon Bulks

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) and super fine mesophase powder (SFMP) were prepared firstly from a coal tar pitch and then hot-condensed into high-density isotropic carbon (HDIC) bulks under 160 MPa and finally sintered at 1 000 ℃ . By analyzing the ther-mogravimetric behavior of the MCMB and SFMP powders, their volume shrinkage and weight loss during sintering and the bulk density and flexural strengths of their sintered bulks, it was found that the smaller sizes and the richer β-resin contents of SFMP have facilitated formation of sintered bulks with more compact isotropic structure and higher flexural strengths than MCMB. Because of the filling and bonding effects of SFMP on MCMB bulks, addition of SFMP, albeit a little, can greatly increase the flexural strengths of sintered bulks of MCMB. However, adding MCMB, even a slight amount, into SFMP can severely impair the flexural strength of sintered bulks. This might be attributed to both the crack initiation along the boundaries between MCMB and SFMP and the formation of layered texture of MCMB sphere.