Iris recognition technology

IriScan Inc. has been developing an identification/verification system capable of positively identifying and verifying the identity of individuals without physical contact or human intervention. A new technology, using the unique patterns of the human iris, shows promise of overcoming previous shortcomings and providing positive identification of an individual without contact or invasion, at extremely high confidence levels. The video-based system locates the eye and iris; evaluates the degree of occlusion by eyelid and spectral reflection; determines the quality of image focus; and determines the center and boundary of the pupil and the limbus (outer edge of the iris) for processing. The iris is zoned, and the features therein measured and encoded into a 256-byte (2048 bit) IrisCode for enrollment or identification. The presented biometric is compared to an extensive database for identification, or to a referenced IrisCode for verification. Computations and decisions are accomplished at extremely high rates of speed, resulting in processing times of less than two seconds. The process is based on the unique nature and extreme richness of the human iris. The multiple features produce a non-duplicable organ with more than 400 degrees of freedom, or measurable variables. The IriScan process typically uses about 200 of these to create a code which can be compared to an entire database in milliseconds, producing a positive identification with “imposter odds” as high as 1 in 10³⁴     

一种基于边缘检测的虹膜定位算法

虹膜定位是虹膜识别过程中的重要环节,定位速度和精度决定了整个虹膜识别系统的性能。依据虹膜图像特点,提出了一种基于边缘检测的虹膜定位算法:首先利用Sobel算子提取虹膜图像的边缘;然后在边缘图中利用扫描线和直线拟合法粗定虹膜中心及半径;最后在原图边缘附近利用改进的Daugman算子进行虹膜精确定位。与传统的虹膜定位方法相比,该算法快速有效,提高了虹膜定位的速度和精度。     

Access control system with hand geometry verification and smartcards

An access control system that joins the uniqueness of biometric verification, as well as the storage security and processing capabilities of smart cards, is defined here. The biometric technique chosen has been hand geometry, which is considered to provide low/medium security (there are other much more secure, as fingerprint, iris or retina), to be easy to use, to achieve high acceptance by users, and which performance is given throughout fast processing and medium cost. Also, the small template size needed for each user is positive for storage and processing capabilities required in the system. But the innovation in the system proposed is that the smart card not only stores the user's template, but also performs the verification process with the features set by the terminal to the card. With this improvement, the security of the system has risen because the template is never extracted from the card, avoiding duplication of such sensible data. The specifications for the enrolment process will be presented as well as the applications where this new system is recommended     

Automatic Light Control Electro-Optical CCDTV Systems

For electro-optical TV systems, a simplified method of analysis has been developed for an automatic light control (ALC) loop preliminary ary design and performance trade-offs. With iris and shutter control mechanization incorporated, not only does the input light range increase, but the video response overshoot and settling time are reduced as well. This study shows that the appealing notion of heavily damped response is not often true, particularly in the realtime ime airto-ground surveillance of targets with varying backgrounds. In addition, with exponential and geometric feedback functions introduced, the resultant ALC dynamics are independent of the input light level. To verify the assumptions made and to demonstrate the feasibility of a working model, a complete system simulation is performed.     

步进式序列虹膜图像质量评价

在虹膜识别系统中,质量较差的虹膜图像可能被系统拒识,导致身份识别或身份认证的失败.因此有必要在虹膜图像的采集端引入质量评价环节,从虹膜图像采集仪输出的视频序列中挑选出符合识别系统要求的虹膜图像.为了减少序列图像质量评价的时间,根据图像的性质,对输入的序列图像进行步进式质量评价,不同的阶段设置不同的门限,只有满足要求的图像才能进入下一阶段的评价,这样将大大减少进行全部步骤评价的图像数量,能有效缩短序列图像评价的时间,保证了选取图像的质量和速度.试验结果表明,该算法能够有效地选择符合质量要求的虹膜图像.     

State-of-the-art in speaker recognition

Recent advances in speech technologies have produced new tools that can be used to improve the performance and flexibility of speaker recognition. While there are few degrees of freedom or alternative methods when using fingerprint or iris identification techniques, speech offers much more flexibility and different levels to perform recognition: the system can force the user to speak in a particular manner, different for each attempt to enter. Also, with voice input, the system has other degrees of freedom, such as the use of knowledge/codes that only the user knows, or dialectical/semantical traits that are difficult to forge. This paper offers an overview of the state-of-the-art in speaker recognition, with special emphasis on the pros and cons, and the current research lines. The current research lines include improved classification systems, and the use of high level information by means of probabilistic grammars. In conclusion, speaker recognition is far away from being a technology where all the possibilities have already been explored.     

Smart card information and operations using biometrics

Nowadays many systems need a portable media to store some sensible data, such as smart cards. The information can be protected by the user with his Personal Identification Number (PIN), or through biometrics. Unfortunately, there is not a smart card today that can verify the biometric template inside it, performing this task in the terminal. The author has developed the algorithms and data structures needed to solve this problem. Therefore, he has created a smart card with user biometric authentication, based on an Open Platform smart card (in this case, a JavaCard). To achieve these results, different biometric techniques have been studied: speaker verification, hand geometry and iris recognition. Experimental results are given to show the viability of the prototype developed     

Fingerprint verification using smart cards for access control systems

Over the past few years, the authors have tried to integrate biometrics into a smart card. In this paper, to improve error rates obtained with hand geometry biometrics and the costs with the iris recognition system, fingerprints are used. This technique, quite well known in the industry and deeply studied for the last century, has improved its electronic sensors, pulling down prices and, therefore, enabling its use in many more applications. The first step, as in every biometric system, is to obtain an image of the user's fingerprint. After this, a pre-processing algorithm is applied, which enables feature extraction to obtain the location and type of all minutiae, i.e., the discontinuities in the ridges and valleys of the fingerprint. Due to the fact that it is not possible to always catch the same number of minutiae, a special matching algorithm should be applied to compare the feature vector with the corresponding user's template. Efforts to integrate this matching algorithm in a low computer power device, such as a smart card, are given, showing the paths that should be followed in order to improve the security of access control and payment systems available today.     

Changes to vascular biometric system security & performance

When considering biometrics for a Personal Identification System, different modalities can be considered. The final selection will depend on specific application requirements. From the several modalities existing nowadays, vascular systems have appeared on the scene lately. Vein-based identification is claimed to be as reliable as fingerprint or iris identification, but with the usability of hand geometry or even the face. As with any other biometric modalities, vascular solutions have to be deeply analyzed for all relevant factors that could affect their performance or the security level achieved. This will show the analysis of the performance and security achieved by a commercial vascular biometric system, when being applied in several real-world scenarios. These scenarios will cover typical office environments to the more extreme environments, such as extreme light and temperatures, as those suffered in a banking ATM, or with high humidity such as in a gym. The results will show the strengths of this modality, as well as those points where further improvements are needed.     

直升机阻尼非线性地面共振的极限环分析

 采用一阶近似方法分析研究了直升机阻尼非线性地面共振系统的极限环特性,导出了有关公式,研制了计算程序；并以某型直升机为例,考察了机体系统状态、机体系统振动特性参数对地面共振系统极限环特性的影响,分析了非线性桨叶阻尼在抑制直升机地面共振中的作用,展示了极限环状态下旋翼转速对旋翼系统与机体系统之间能量传递的影响关系。     

某型飞机三维运动仿真系统的设计

在3DMAX平台下,利用MAXSCRIPT语言,并结合VC 开发环境开发出某型飞机的三维运动仿真系统。该系统能够自动加载飞机模型以及飞行数据文件,并通过终端输出实时仿真结果,最终可生成视频文件进行保存,从而实现了飞机运动过程的仿真。该系统还可以加载其他飞机模型,具有较大的通用性。以某型飞机一次飞行数据作为测试数据比较,其仿真结果较好。此系统的开发为研究飞机飞行状态与性能提供了比较直观方便的工具。     

用于合成金刚石薄膜的微波等离子体CVD系统

研制了一套功率容量大、结构合理、工作稳定的微波等离子体ＣＶＤ系统。描述了系统的基本结构和性能，讨论了它的特点。作者利用该系统，在单晶Ｓｉ等衬底材料上成功地合成了金刚石薄膜。     

基于8031单片机的发动机转速测量

发动机转速的实时测量已成为高性能航空发动机研制的重要内容。本文介绍了用8031单片机系统对某型发动机转速进行实时测量的方法,给出了测量系统的硬件结构、实现技术及其实时软件设计。系统时效性强,性能可靠,使用方便。     

机翼电脉冲除冰效果的仿真分析

电脉冲除冰系统是保障飞机在结冰气象条件下安全飞行的一种机械除冰系统,它具有高效节能、稳定性好、通用性强等优点。国外研究机构从20世纪70年代起就针对电脉冲除冰系统开展了大量的研究工作,国内关于该方面的研究起步较晚。为研究不同因素对电脉冲除冰系统除冰效果的影响,本文分别建立了简单翼型前缘结构以及 NACA2414、NACA2428、NACA2407等多种 NACA 翼型前缘结构的机翼电脉冲除冰系统的有限元模型,并提出了基于除冰率的系统除冰效果评判准则。基于机翼电脉冲除冰系统有限元模型,采用数值仿真,分别研究了不同幅值脉冲力作用下,脉冲力作用位置、翼型几何形状以及脉冲力作用序列对系统除冰效果的影响。通过对不同系统模型的仿真结果进行分析,可以发现：为达到相同除冰效果,采用对称双脉冲作用所需的幅值明显小于单脉冲作用;相同工况下,相对厚度较小的翼型前缘除冰效果较好,且同一翼型的下翼面的除冰效果略好于上翼面的除冰效果;通过适当调整脉冲触发顺序,可以达到或接近通过单纯增加脉冲载荷所达到的除冰效果。本文通过仿真计算,提炼了机翼电脉冲除冰系统除冰效果随各影响因素的变化规律,指出了机翼电脉冲除冰系统的优化方向,为机翼电脉冲除冰系统的设计奠定了基础。     

辐板式结构齿轮传动系统的振动

本文以一个典型的齿轮传动系统为例,讨论了辐板式结构对系统固有频率和振型等动态特性的影响,并进一步计算了当辐板柔度不同时系统的动态响应,得到了轮齿上的动载荷,分析了辐板柔度的影响和附加阻尼的效用,得出一些规律性的结论,以指导辐板结构的设计及其在减振降噪方面的应用。      

Airborne Collision Avoidance System Development? Introduction

A collision avoidance system (CAS) has been the goal of the airlines for more than a decade. Both technology and a detailed understanding of the problem developed to a point where a system could be defined. A CAS system using stable time and frequency technology has been defined as a result of the joint effort of the airlines and selected manufacturers. The result of these efforts is presented.     

Noise-correlating radar based on retrodirective antennas

A new retrodirective antenna-based search radar system has been introduced. The suggested system uses a noise correlation technique to detect the presence and the direction of the target. Simulation and analytical results show an order of magnitude improvement in acquisition time of the radar when compared with a phased array antenna-based radar system with the same specifications, except transmit power. To the best knowledge of the authors, no radar of a comparable acquisition time has been designed to this date. Power versus acquisition time tradeoff has been compared with a phased array radar for evaluating performance of the system. The radar is self-tracking due to retrodirectivity of the antenna array, and is much easier to implement, as it does not require any phase shifters etc.     

民用飞机数据链端系统通信协议分析

数据链系统作为民用飞机的重要配置,目前已经得到了广泛的运用。随着机载环境的日渐复杂,机上与数据链交联的端系统也越来越多。作为数据交互的空中节点,数据链系统遵循ARINC 619 协议与其他端系统进行通信。通过结合机载打印机,说明了数据链及其端系统之间通信的过程及特点。     

基于普通车床的微V型槽飞切装置分析与设计

通过对飞刀轴的强度、刚度和振动模态的分析,设计制作了基于普通车床的飞切装置.并采用PCD成形车刀在铝材料上进行了飞切加工V型槽的实验.测试结果证明了该飞切装置的可用性,为生产实践提供了必要的技术参考与装备,并为进一步分析飞切理论打下了基础.     

Microthrusters in silicon for aerospace application

This paper reviews the results of the thermal and static analysis of small motor aerospace technology (SMART) propulsion system, constituted of a microthrusters array realised by MEMS technology on silicon wafers. This system has been studied using FEM (NASTRAN) and the results have been verified by the electro-thermic analogy and the FDM method, using, respectively, SPICE and MATLAB codes. The simulation results demonstrated the feasibility of SMART systems for aerospace applications such as attitude control and deorbiting missions for small satellite station-keeping. A theoretical impulse of 20 mNs has been calculated for the SMART system.