基于天基光学短弧观测的GEO卫星分选

提出一种基于天基光学短弧观测数据集分选同步带目标的方法,引入测量属性和约束域概念。为利用短弧观测数据中的有效信息,以目标和平台的相对距离和距离变化率为坐标轴,建立约束域平面。利用GEO（地球同步轨道）目标运动特点,通过能量约束和假设轨道反演2种方法,从多个目标轨迹中分选出GEO目标。仿真结果表明,该算法可在数据库不完备的条件下通过短弧观测分选出同步轨道卫星。     

用于卫星轨道保持的专家系统

本文评价了在卫星上实施人工智能的可能性。星载专家系统的目标是在没有地面辅助的情况下有效地实现轨道保持功能。本文将以国防通信卫星系统(DSCSⅢ)为例。我们从“自主尺度”评价了DSCSⅢ。虽然许多自主功能可用传统的计算机系统和程序来实现,可是自主式卫星定点可能得利用专家系统才行。定点保持目前由轨道分析人员在地面上完成。因为轨道修正过程是根据分析人员的经验和判断来进行的,传统的编程技术不具备这种能力,但专家系统给我们带来了希望。我们将把数字设备公司用来配置计算机的实用专家系统R_1作为分析的基础。R_1的功能类型和开发过程看来与轨道保持专家系统的很相似。我们对实现卫星定点专家系统需要的费用进行了分析。可以肯定,一个地面专家系统可以压缩目前完成轨道保持任务的人员。要把这种专家系统装进卫星,必须开发空间质量的硬件并经过充分测试和鉴定的专家系统。对开发、测试、鉴定和采购专家系统的费用与可能节约的费用进行比较,结果是很有希望的。用于卫星轨道保持的专家系统看起来是可行的、有较好的费/效比,而且还能通过自主操作来增加卫星的生存期。     

卫星地面站费用／性能评估

在轨或计划中的近地轨道科学卫星、地球资源卫星和全球通信卫星数据的迅速增长，要求一种大大降低地面测控费用的方法。从经济上考虑，为每个近地轨道卫星建立单一、专用的卫星测量站已不再可行。为了拓展商业空间市场，需要一种新的方法来降低近地轨道卫星数据业务的费用。本文论述了近地轨道测控所需的性能，提出一种独特的、创新的办法提供测控服务和有效载荷服务。     

逆轨道拦截卫星轨道设计与优化

研究了一种逆轨道卫星拦截的方法。根据对逆轨道拦截卫星的要求,建立了停泊轨道的数学模型,并以轨道转移能量和快速拦截为优化目标,运用遗传算法对逆轨道拦截卫星的停泊轨道参数进行了优化设计。计算结果表明了遗传算法解决这一多约束多目标优化问题的有效性。     

一种卫星精密星历的插值方法

在卫星各种应用中通常需要对卫星的星历进行插值,而且要求插值后星历精度仍保持与原轨道精度相当。本文采用在拉格朗日多项式插值方法基础上改进的Neville算法,对一颗低轨道地球卫星进行了仿真计算,分别对采用轨道根数和直角坐标速度形式的轨道进行插值。仿真结果表明选取合理的插值方法后,可以得到高精度的卫星星历,具有工程应用价值。     

相对测量在编队卫星自主定轨中的应用

针对编队卫星自主定轨问题进行了研究,设计了一种完全不依赖于地面站和GPS系统的自主导航方案。利用星间测量信息进行卫星编队相对轨道状态的自主确定;并在利用磁强计进行卫星绝对轨道自主确定的基础上,引入星间测量信息提高绝对定轨精度;设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器进行卫星编队轨道状态估计,数学仿真结果验证了这种导航方案和算法的有效性。     

中继卫星系统组网运行问题研究

随着我国中继卫星系统的不断建设与发展,如何完善系统的组网运行管理,构建一个高可靠性和高可用度的系统是摆在我们面前的重要课题。在对美国TDRSS(跟踪与数据中继卫星系统)的卫星在轨备份、轨道漂移、卫星共位、地面终端站配置以及系统总体性能等方面进行分析的基础上,总结出其组网运行的4个特点:空间段具有备份节点、备份星;地面段配置备份中心、备份站;系统具备2颗卫星共位能力;系统具备轨道漂移能力。结合我国中继卫星系统建设与发展实际,得出了以下几点启示:加快备份星和备份站的部署与建设;适时形成单节点多星的星群配置;增加支持卫星轨道漂移和共位的能力;增加大椭圆轨道卫星的部署。     

基于卫星轨道软件平台的自主导航计算方法

为了增强卫星的自主生存能力,研究了基于卫星轨道软件平台的自主导航计算方法.通过星载导航部件获取导航参数,应用数值或解析方法进行自主导航计算,以实时获得精确的轨道参数.分析表明,本方法正确可行,具有较高的工程应用价值.     

C频段统一测控系统非相干测速功能探讨

针对目前国内C频段统一测控系统因不具备测速功能,在发遥控期间无法进行测距,导致其无法对卫星进行连续轨道测量的缺陷,提出了非相干测速方法。非相干测速利用卫星遥测信息中的上行载波多普勒信息以及地面站获取的下行载波多普勒信息,计算得到双向多普勒信息,对双向多普勒进行计算可获得连续的卫星运动速度信息。本文在理论上证明了这种方法的可行性,并以自旋式卫星同步控制过程中天地时延精确修正为例,说明了这种方法的应用价值。     

TSI可搬运式遥测、跟踪、遥控站

固定地面站网不足以使欧空局(ESA)的欧洲空间操作中心(ESDC)控制所有发射阶段的卫星,特别是极轨道卫星。为了弥补这一缺陷,ESOC提出了具体技术指标,以便欧洲工业界制造一种可搬运式地面站。这种地面站目前已部署在马德里附近ESA的维拉弗郎卡卫星跟踪站。本文叙述了这种TS1可搬运式测控站的技术特性和应用。     

Characterization of NAVSTAR GPS and GLONASS on-board clocks

Investigation into navigation satellite on board clock frequency references and performance are reported. The focus is on the stability of the clocks aboard the NAVSTAR GPS (Global Positioning System) and GLONASS satellites as well as those used by their respective maser control stations and associated time scales. Allan-variance techniques have been applied to determine the long-term time-domain behavior of satellite clocks in an attempt to identify different regions of power spectral density. Coupled with analysis of relative-frequency drift over a period of many weeks, this behavior allows the type of satellite onboard standard to be tentatively identified. The known nature of the GPS clocks has shown that the different types of clocks aboard the satellites (crystal, rubidium, and cesium) are distinguishable given a sufficient sample time. The same approach has been applied to the GLONASS satellites, and a comparison of the results obtained from GPS has allowed conjecture on the type of clock used by the GLONASS satellites. It appears that GLONASS has used clocks of the quality of rubidium atomic oscillators since at least 1986, and that the quality and performance of onboard standards have increased steadily with time. Some current satellites perform well enough in terms of frequency drift, flicker FM noise floor, and long-term stability to compare favorably with the cesium beam standards carried on NAVSTAR GPS satellites launched in 1983-84     

基于惯性辅助的北斗接收机完好性监测方法研究

针对传统卫星导航接收机在卫星数小于5颗及卫星星座构型不佳的情况下无法实现卫星故障识别与隔离的问题,结合卫星导航接收机在弹上的实际应用情况,利用惯导的辅助数据设计了一种基于多级Kalman滤波的北斗接收机完好性监测方案,给出了卫星导航接收机的RAIM滤波器结构与故障检测和隔离方法,并对其可用性进行了推导。该方案经过仿真分析及实验测试,结果表明在4颗可见星的条件下,可有效检测并隔离单星阶跃、慢速漂移、慢速随机等北斗卫星伪距和伪距率故障,从而使北斗接收机能够提供连续、精确的导航定位功能。     

地球静止轨道通信卫星位置保持原理及实施策略

本文从工程应用的角度详尽地介绍了同步通信卫星在定点位置漂移的原因及计算方法，以我国在轨运行的东方红三号卫星和风云二号卫星为例，给出了大量工程实测数据，并给出了定点保持实施策略，它们已经成功地运用到我国在轨同步卫星的管理。     

基于傅里叶展开的电动力绳系卫星最优控制

电动力绳系卫星的推力幅值较小且方向固定,完成轨道机动任务的周期长,其最优控制问题的求解比较困难.采用在傅里叶空间描述的轨道动力学模型,将控制量电流表示为傅里叶级数的形式,并推导了用傅里叶系数作为参量的椭圆轨道运动的平均轨道根数方程.在此基础上构造了电动力绳系卫星轨道机动的最优控制模型,通过直接配置法将其转化为非线性规划...     

Quick position determination using 1 or 2 LEO satellites

We describe an approach for a medium accuracy position determination of a user terminal (UT) on the Earth surface, using one or two low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites. The positioning approach is intended to meet the requirements of a worldwide personal communications system using LEO satellites. The basic two requirements are: (1) immediate positioning, and (2) horizontal position accuracy of the order of 10 km. Those requirements stem from the need of the system to know the user's approximate location before it connects his call. The approach makes use of the two-way communication with the UT, which can receive, transmit, and make its own measurements. Delay and Doppler measurements are used in order to enable instantaneous positioning with one satellite, and in order to achieve unambiguous positioning with two satellites. A simplified Globalstar satellite constellation and the expected Globalstar delay and frequency measurement accuracy are used to demonstrate the concept and to evaluate its performances     

Selecting and scheduling observations of agile satellites

This article concerns the problem of managing the new generation of Agile Earth Observing Satellites (AEOS). This kind of satellites is presently studied by the French Centre National d'Études Spatiales (PLEIADES project). The mission of an Earth Observing Satellite is to acquire images of specified areas on the Earth surface, in response to observation requests from customers. Whereas non-agile satellites such as SPOT5 have only one degree of freedom for acquiring images, the new generation satellites have three, giving opportunities for a more efficient use of the satellite imaging capabilities. Counterwise to this advantage, the selection and scheduling of observations becomes significantly more difficult, due to the larger search space for potential solutions. Hence, selecting and scheduling observations of agile satellites is a highly combinatorial problem. This article sets out the overall problem and analyses its difficulties. Then it presents different methods which have been investigated in order to solve a simplified version of the complete problem: a greedy algorithm, a dynamic programming algorithm, a constraint programming approach and a local search method.     

Planetesimals and Satellitesimals: Formation of the Satellite Systems

The origin of the regular satellites ties directly to planetary formation in that the satellites form in gas and dust disks around the giant planets and may be viewed as mini-solar systems, involving a number of closely related underlying physical processes. The regular satellites of Jupiter and Saturn share a number of remarkable similarities that taken together make a compelling case for a deep-seated order and structure governing their origin. Furthermore, the similarities in the mass ratio of the largest satellites to their primaries, the specific angular momenta, and the bulk compositions of the two satellite systems are significant and in need of explanation. Yet, the differences are also striking. We advance a common framework for the origin of the regular satellites of Jupiter and Saturn and discuss the accretion of satellites in gaseous, circumplanetary disks. Following giant planet formation, planetesimals in the planet’s feeding zone undergo a brief period of intense collisional grinding. Mass delivery to the circumplanetary disk via ablation of planetesimal fragments has implications for a host of satellite observations, tying the history of planetesimals to that of satellitesimals and ultimately that of the satellites themselves. By contrast, irregular satellites are objects captured during the final stages of planetary formation or the early evolution of the Solar System; their distinct origin is reflected in their physical properties, which has implications for the subsequent evolution of the satellites systems.     

Line-of-sight-pointing for satellites in high altitude inclined elliptic orbits

With a growing demand for space communications and resulting overcrowding of geostationary orbit (GEO), the importance of high altitude inclined elliptic orbits is gaining impetus. However, the satellites in these orbits suffer from a severe problem of apparent periodic angular drift around their line-of-sight. This paper addresses this problem and proposes a cost effective method based on tether to continually tilt the satellites in order to compensate for longitudinal and lateral drifts relative to the ground station. The proposed system comprises two satellites connected by a flexible tether at a point on each satellite with offsets. A control strategy is developed for tether offset variations that ensures judiciously controlled changes in the satellite orientations. The numerical simulation of the governing nonlinear equations of motion establishes the feasibility of the concept. A high degree of line-of-sight pointing of dual satellites as well as the simplicity of the proposed control mechanism makes the concept particularly attractive for future space applications.     

Orbital and Attitude Prediction Accuracy Requirements for Satellites Engaged in Remote Sensing and Scientific Missions

The criteria for selecting the orbital and attitude prediction accuracy requirements for communications satellites have been investigated in a previous paper by the author. The present paper extends the analysis to the satellites engaged in remote sensing and scientific missions. A unified approach has been developed to examine the problem of the prediction accuracy requirements for the two missions.     

Voyager imaging experiment

The overall objective of this experiment is exploratory reconnaissance of Jupiter, Saturn, their satellites, and Saturn's rings. Such reconnaissance, at resolutions and phase angles unobtainable from Earth, can be expected to provide much new data relevant to the atmospheric and/or surface properties of these bodies. The experiment also has the following specific objectives:Observe and characterize the global circulation of the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn;Determine the horizontal and vertical structure of the visible clouds and establish their relationship to the belted appearance and dynamical properties of the planetary atmospheres;Determine the vertical structure of high, optically-thin, scattering layers on Jupiter and Saturn;Determine the nature of anomalous features such as the Great Red Spot, South Equatorial Belt disturbances, etc.;Characterize the nature of the colored material in the clouds of Jupiter and Saturn, and identify the nature and sources of chromophores on Io and Titan;Perform comparative geologic studies of many satellites at less than 15-km resolution;Map and characterize the geologic structure of several satellites at high resolution (1 km);Investigate the existence and nature of atmospheres on the satellites;Determine the mass, size, and shape of many of the satellites by direct measurement;Determine the direction of the spin axes and periods of rotation of several satellites, and establish coordinate systems for the larger satellites;Map the radial distribution of material in Saturn's rings at high resolution;Determine the optical scattering properties of the primaries, rings, and satellites at several wavelengths and phase angles;Search for novel physical phenomena, e.g., phenomena associated with the Io flux tube, meteors, aurorae, lightning, or satellite shadows.Team leader.Deputy team leader.