受多种约束时航天器再入走廊的计算分析

给出了一种求解同时受升力、气动加热（率）和动压约束时，航天器再入走廊的近似计算方法。文中采用格林函数法，导出了再入过程中三种典型约束（气动加热率、升力和动压）条件之间关系的近似定量描述，在该三种约束取极限的条件下求得了再入走廊的上下边界。文中还介绍了上下边界近似解及相应控制规律的结构。     

Weissman准则在升力式再入飞行器设计中的应用

针对升力式再入飞行器的气动特性和控制方式,分析了将传统Weissman判据推广应用到升力式再入飞行器设计中面临的一些主要问题。由赫尔维茨稳定性定理推导了采用反馈控制的滚转反逆准则的计算形式,并以HL-20飞行器为对象,采用非线性仿真和Kriging建模方法,实现了对Weissman图不同稳定性敏感区域的划分。仿真分析表明,升力式再入飞行器对应的Weissman图与传统航空飞行器存在明显不同,可以将其推广应用到升力式再入飞行器设计中。     

一种减小再入飞行器侧向气动非线性的布局优化方法

为改善升力式再入飞行器在跨声速段出现的侧向气动特性非线性问题,发展了一种基于Kriging代理模型的自适应迭代气动布局优化方法。设计了一种常规升力式再入飞行器布局,计算了该布局在跨声速段的侧向气动力,分析了可能影响侧向气动特性的机翼布局参数。根据气动布局优化流程,计算了气动布局样本气动特性,建立了布局参数到侧向力矩系数导数的代理模型,完成了以减小飞行器侧向非线性为目标的布局优化设计。优化布局的气动特性计算结果表明,所发展的方法是可行和有效的。该项研究为再入飞行器减小侧向气动非线性提供了新的布局设计途径,有利于降低控制系统设计难度,保障飞行安全。     

考虑禁飞圆的滑翔式机动弹道与气动特性参数耦合设计

 为获得滑翔式再入飞行器最佳气动与弹道机动性能,针对规避禁飞圆的远程滑翔式再入问题提出了一种机动弹道与气动特性参数耦合设计方法。耦合设计外环以气动特性参数为设计变量,基于抛物阻力极线模型提取最大升阻比和对应升力系数为气动特性参数;耦合设计内环以泛化升力系数和侧倾角为设计变量,获得给定升阻特性下能规避禁飞圆且满足再入走廊要求的滑翔式再入轨迹。耦合设计问题以再入驻点总热流最小为优化目标,以再入走廊、终端位置和速度为约束,求解满足弹道机动要求且目标函数最小的最佳气动特性参数。提出了一种规避禁飞圆的侧向几何制导逻辑用于内环轨迹设计。仿真算例得出禁飞圆半径越大,需要的滑翔式再入飞行器最大升阻比越大,且再入轨迹刚好能绕过禁飞圆。仿真结果验证了耦合设计方法和侧向制导逻辑的有效性,该方法可为飞行器方案设计时的气动布局选型等工作提供参考。     

一种弹道导弹再入弹道解析方法

在现有再入段解析方法的基础上,考虑更为贴近实际的条件因素,求得一组新的弹道导弹再入弹道解析解.首先,在忽略引力影响的条件下,求解非线性微分方程组,得到零阶速度解和零阶速度倾角;再代入原方程组解出一阶速度、再入段飞行时间、速度倾角及射程的解析表达式;最后通过仿真计算证明了该方法的优越性.     

一种极坐标系升力式再入六自由度仿真模型

建立了升力式再入飞行器在极坐标系下的六自由度模型。首先,定义了建模所需坐标系及转换关系;然后,建立了极坐标系下的升力式再入质心运动方程以及面对称飞行器在体坐标系下的转动方程,并利用坐标转换关系建立欧拉角转换辅助方程;最后,对欧拉角关系、开环六自由度进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明,该模型可为同时关注位置变量和速度变量的升力式再入飞行器的飞行力学问题研究,如六自由度的轨迹优化、制导控制一体化设计等提供模型参考。     

基于代理模型的升力式再入飞行器质心位置优化

针对传统设计过程中飞行器质心位置的确定需要与弹道、结构、控制等分系统进行迭代设计,设计周期较长,且难以得到准确的质心可行区域问题,以一种升力式再入飞行器为研究对像,分析了飞行器的多种设计约束要求。通过建立质心位置坐标满足设计要求的可行度Kriging代理模型,实现了飞行器质心位置可行区域的精确预测,并采用遗传算法得到了最优的质心位置坐标。研究结果表明,所提方法实现了升力式再入飞行器质心位置的快速选择,大幅提高了设计效率。     

负升力返回时航天器的再入走廊与轨迹研究

研究了较大升阻比航天器采用负升力返回时的再入走廊与最优轨迹，通过数字仿真并与正升力再入时的结果比较，得到结论：采用负升力再入时的返回走廊前１／３段比采用正升力的相应部分宽度有较大增加；离轨点所耗燃料质量与热防护系统质量之和较正升力再入时的情况有一定减少。由此可见，负升力再入概念在提高有效载荷上明显优越于正升力再入概念。     

负升力返回时航天器的再入走廓与轨迹研究

研究了较大升阻比航天器采用负升力返回时的再入走廓与最优轨迹，通过数字仿真并与正升力再入时的结果比较，得到结论：采用负升力再入时的返回走前１／３段比采用正升力的相应部分宽度有较大增加，离轨点所耗燃料质量怀热防护系统质量之和较正升力再入时的情况有一定减少，由此可见，负升力再入概念在提高有效载荷上明显优越于正升力再入概念。     

升力式再入飞行器离轨制动研究

针对一种升力式再入飞行器———通用航空飞行器进行全球攻击时离轨推力的控制和相应的下降轨道特点,对其再入角的选择等关键技术进行了深入分析,最终得到了依据远地点半径和可施加的Δv的范围来确定最优离轨推力角和下降椭圆轨道的有工程意义的结论。在此基础上进一步分析了切线制动和非切线制动的再入轨道特点,同时依据已知条件得到了再入角的最佳控制范围。所得结论亦可用于一般升力式再入飞行器初步轨迹的设计。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.