高低频复合振动钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层结构试验

针对碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）和钛合金叠层结构在传统钻削过程中切削温度高、加工质量差等问题，基于低频振动钻削和高频（超声）振动钻削的优势，提出了高低频复合振动钻削的加工方法。采用自主研制的高低频复合振动钻削装置，对CFRP/钛合金叠层结构进行了制孔试验，对比研究了普通钻削、超声钻削、低频振动钻削和高低频复合振动钻削4种方式下的切削力、钛合金切屑形貌、切削温度和CFRP孔加工质量。结果表明：4种加工方式中，高低频复合振动钻削的轴向力波动相对较大，切削温度显著降低，产生的钛合金切屑呈不连续扇形且整体尺寸最小，CFRP孔出入口及孔壁的损伤程度最低，显著提高了加工质量，为复合材料叠层结构一体化制孔加工提供了指导意义。     

振幅对低频振动钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层材料的影响

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced plastic,CFRP)和钛合金组成的叠层材料因其出色的性能被广泛应用在航空航天领域。但两种材料的加工性能差异较大,在叠层材料一体化制孔过程中,CFRP制孔表面极易受到钛合金切屑排出的影响,出现入口撕裂、孔壁划伤等缺陷。为提高叠层材料制孔质量,通过低频振动钻削与传统钻削的对比试验,研究了刀具不同振幅(A=0μm、20μm、40μm、60μm)参数对切削力、切削温度及制孔质量等的影响。结果发现:钻削平均轴向力随着振幅增大而减小,而最大钻削轴向力增大。低频振动钻削较传统钻削加工温度有所下降。振动钻削对分层缺陷没有改善,且有增大缺陷的趋势,但对CFRP孔壁质量有明显改善。     

CFRP/钛合金叠层构件低温钻削的轴向力与成孔质量研究

CFRP和钛合金叠层构件以其优异的性能广泛应用于航空、航天、汽车等领域。二者由于材料加工特性的差异,需要采用不同的钻削工艺参数才能获得满意的加工质量。为保证孔同轴度和加工效率,通常采用同一参数一体钻孔。一体钻孔会导致孔的界面烧伤、复材表面划伤、孔径一致性差等问题。为解决上述问题,提出一种低温钻孔工艺,通过钻削试验,研究低温条件下CFRP/钛合金叠层构件钻孔的轴向力、孔径一致性和表面质量。试验表明,低温条件下CFRP/钛合金叠层构件钻孔的轴向力增加,孔径一致性和表面质量均得到改善,证明了低温下CFRP/钛合金叠层构件一体钻孔的可行性。     

CFRP/Al制孔分层临界轴向力研究

针对CFRP/Al在钻削加工中容易产生分层缺陷,而临界轴向力是表征叠层材料制孔损伤的基本参数,本文基于能量法建立了钻削Al/CFRP、CFRP/Al产生分层损伤的临界轴向力模型,并利用Abaqus软件对CFRP/Al钻削过程进行了数值模拟,得到了轴向力变化曲线。     

CFRP/TC4叠层结构钻削仿真与实验研究

碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）和钛合金（TC4）叠层结构在航空航天领域应用广泛。钻削制孔是保障CFRP与TC4连接的最常见方式。本文为探究CFRP/TC4叠层结构的钻削机理，对CFRP、TC4分别设置材料本构模型和失效准则，建立了不同钻削顺序下的CFRP/TC4叠层结构钻削仿真模型，对不同叠层顺序下的材料去除过程、两相材料和界面损伤形成机制进行了研究。开展了CFRP/TC4叠层结果的钻削实验，采集了钻削轴向力和钻削缺陷，并验证了模型的正确性。本研究可望为CFRP/TC4叠层结构制孔技术研究提供参考。     

CFRP制孔加工技术的研究进展与发展趋势

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)因具有优异的物理和力学性能已广泛应用于航空、航天和汽车等领域的结构件制造。然而,CFRP材料和金属材料的属性截然不同,具有非匀质性和各向异性,在制孔加工过程中,极易产生分层、撕裂、毛刺等缺陷,严重影响其制孔质量。因此,CFRP-金属叠层结构制孔技术成为飞机连接装配过程中的一大难点。本文归纳了近年来CFRP钻削加工机理的研究现状,总结出CFRP切屑形成机理与纤维方向角的关系,轴向钻削力和钻削温度与刀具形状、工件材料和工艺参数之间的关系;分析了CFRP钻削过程中分层、毛刺、撕裂等典型加工缺陷的产生原因、检测和评价方法及抑制措施;探讨了CFRP制孔刀具材料、几何结构及仿真研究方面的最新进展,提出建立准确可靠的CFRP材料本构模型是钻削加工模拟仿真技术研究的关键;通过对变工艺参数钻削加工、机器人自动制孔加工及吸气式内排屑钻削加工等新型CFRP制孔加工技术的介绍,展望了CFRP制孔技术的发展趋势。     

CFRP/Ti叠层钻削力热行为与切屑成形分析

碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)是一种以环氧树脂作为基体材料、碳纤维作为增强材料的复合材料,具有高强度、高比强度以及耐腐蚀性的特点。CFRP与钛合金是航空航天领域广泛使用的两种轻质的材料,经常作为叠层结构出现在大型客机的关键部位,使大型客机制造装配过程中需要对CFRP/Ti叠层进行大量的制孔。而CFRP/Ti叠层钻削过程中的力热变化与切屑形态会直接影响刀具的切削状态。在此基础之上,对CFRP/Ti叠层钻削过程中的力热行为与切屑成形进行研究,这对于CFRP-Ti叠层实际钻削过程具有重要的指导意义。     

CFRP-TC4叠层板的钻削实验

采用硬质合金麻花钻对CFRP-TC4叠层板进行钻削试验,分析了钛合金层加工参数对钻削力、钻削温度和加工孔质量的影响。结果表明:随着转速的增加,钛合金层的轴向力逐渐减小;随着钛合金层进给量的增加,钛合金层与CFRP层的轴向力之比逐渐增加。运用指数公式模型对钛合金层轴向力实验结果进行回归分析,得到轴向力与转速以及进给量之间的关系式:F_z=2 088n~(-0.1222)·f_r~(0.2016),并对该方程进行了检验验证,误差均小于10%;在钛合金层进给量不变时,随着钛合金层转速的增加,CFRP的最大烧伤环直径和层间最高温度逐渐增加。     

振动辅助钻削对CFRP/钛合金叠层结构孔径阶差影响规律实验研究

在飞机部件装配过程中，CFRP/钛合金叠层结构的连接十分常见，而由于两种材料迥然不同的材料性能，导致制孔后存在孔径阶差，严重影响了CFRP/钛合金结构的疲劳强度。本文开展了低频轴向振动辅助钻削的正交实验，分析了低频振动辅助钻削工艺参数与切削力和切屑形态的关系以及工艺参数对CFRP/钛合金孔径阶差的影响。结果表明，由于低频振动辅助钻削刀具的周期性进给，钛合金切屑由连续长切屑变为扇形短屑，减少了对CFRP的扩孔效应，钻削区域切削热降低，平均轴向力降低；另外，振幅和进给量对孔径阶差的影响较为显著，而主轴转速的影响较小，且孔径阶差随着振幅的增大先减小后增大，随着进给量的增大而增大。通过试验验证和分析，确定面向孔径控制的最优工艺参数组合方案：主轴转速为600 r/min、进给量为0.02 mm/r、振幅为150 μm。     

机器人旋转超声钻削CFRP/铝合金叠层材料的钻削力实验研究

针对机器人钻削(RCD)CFRP/铝合金叠层材料中钻削力过大引起柔性机器人姿态变形、影响制孔精度与质量的问题,提出了一种机器人旋转超声钻削方法(RRUD),实现钻削力的减小。实验结果显示:加入旋转超声后机器人钻削力显著减小,麻花钻与机器人旋转超声加工系统的匹配性优于三尖钻。采用小进给、高转速的工艺参数可以进一步减小机器人钻削力。为机器人旋转超声钻削CFRP/铝合金叠层材料的钻削力优化提供了参考与依据。     

Investigation on the interface damage in drilling low-stiffness CFRP/Ti stacks

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic and titanium alloy (CFRP/Ti) stacks have been widely used as aerospace structures because of their excellent combination of physical properties. Interface damage caused by interface gaps, significantly different from that of metal/metal stacks, is a common problem in the through-hole drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks with low stiffness. In this study, a force–deformation coupling model was developed to further examine the formation mechanism and the control method of interface damage. Firstly, the coupling model was built considering the interaction between the thrust force and the deformation. To solve this model, a numerical method was proposed in which specific cutting coefficients were calibrated using only the thrust force of rigid stacks. Secondly, drilling experiments were performed with different feed rates and bending stiffness. Experimental results indicate that interface damage mainly includes interlayer chips and surface damage of CFRP layers. The surface damage, which is irreparable, is caused by the rotary extension of metal chips along the interlayer gap. Thirdly, variations of the interface gap were calculated with the coupling model that had been verified by measured thrust forces. The damage area was found to have a linear dependence relation with the interlayer gap. However, in conditions of large gap sizes, the interface damage areas increased with the interlayer gap at high feed rates, while decreasing slightly at low feed rates. This phenomenon was satisfactorily explained by the presented model. Finally, a method was proposed to determine the appropriate pressure exceeding which no interlayer damage will occur. Additional drilling experiments proved the method effective. This study leads to further understanding of the forming mechanism of interlayer damage and of selecting appropriate parameters in drilling low-stiffness composite/metal stacks.     

铺层顺序对碳纤维复合材料钻削分层制孔的影响

在碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料的钻削制孔加工过程中会产生很多种类的缺陷,其中分层损伤是最难以控制的缺陷,严重影响机械连接的有效性和材料的使用性能。将铺层规则尤其是防分层规则应用于层合板铺层顺序优化中,使用Memetic算法得出防止碳纤维板分层的铺层顺序,并设计CFRP制孔试验加以论证。试验结果表明,复合材料铺层角度对分层缺陷有重要影响,优化后的碳纤维复合材料可有效减少分层、毛刺缺陷。     

碳纤维与芳纶纤维复合材料机械加工刀具选用

通过对复合材料特性和加工机理的分析,论述了复合材料机械加工对刀具材质、结构和几何参数的要求,介绍了几种适合于碳纤维和芳纶纤维复合材料机械加工的钻削和铣削刀具.     

碳纤维复合材料/钛合金叠层钻孔工艺优化

在不同的工艺参数下用硬质合金麻花钻分别对碳纤维复合材料板和碳纤维复合材料板/钛合金叠层板进行钻孔,对钻孔过程用Abaqus有限元软件进行三维仿真,对比仿真和试验结果的轴向力和制孔效果。结果表明,在保证制孔的质量的前提下,选取合理的工艺参数,得到叠层材料制孔的工艺参数的优化结论。     

超混杂复合材料及Ti／CFRP层间混杂复合材料

从当前航空航天技术对结构材料的力学性能及其综合的要求出发，介绍了超混杂复合材料的概念，研究目的和研究结果，并与国内外其他复合材料相比较，指出Ｔｉ／ＣＦＲＰ层混杂复合材料是一种性能优良的新结构材料。     

CFRP/TC4叠层板的钻削实验

采用硬质合金麻花钻对碳纤维复合材料-钛合金叠层板进行钻削试验,分析了钛合金层加工参数对刀具磨损的影响和刀具磨损机制。刀具磨损对孔入口处最大撕裂长度的影响。结果表明:磨损的主要区域是横刃和后刀面,前刀面磨损不明显。钛合金层的低转速和低进给量可以降低刀具磨损;此外随着钻孔数的增加,钛合金层转速越低、进给量越大碳纤维复合材料孔入口处孔质量更好。     

Improving surface integrity when drilling CFRPs and Ti-6Al-4V using sustainable lubricated liquid carbon dioxide

In the quest for decreasing fuel consumption and resulting gas emissions in the aeronautic sector, lightweight materials such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys are being used. These materials, with excellent weight-to-strength ratios, are widely used for structural applications in aircraft manufacturing. To date, several studies have been published showing that the use of metalworking fluids (MWFs), special tool geometries, or advanced machining techniques is required to ensure a surface quality that meets aerospace component standards. Conventional MWFs pose a number of environmental and worker health hazards and also degrade the mechanical properties of CFRPs due to water absorption in the composite. Therefore, a transition to more environmentally friendly cooling/lubrication techniques that prevent moisture problems in the composite is needed. This research shows that lubricated LCO₂ is a viable option to improve the quality of drilled CFRP and titanium aerospace components compared to dry machining, while maintaining clean work areas. The results show that the best combination of tool geometry and cooling conditions for machining both materials is drilling with Brad point drills and lubricated LCO₂. Drilling under these conditions resulted in a 90 % improvement in fiber pull-out volume compared to dry machined CFRP holes. In addition, a 33 % reduction in burr height and a 15 % improvement in surface roughness were observed compared to dry drilling of titanium.     

Defect suppression mechanism of ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling carbon fiber/bismaleimide composite

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling (UVAD) has recently been successfully applied in the drilling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer/plastic (CFRP) due to its high reliability. Multiple defects have been observed in the CFRP drilling process which negatively affects the quality of the hole. The carbon fiber/bismaleimide (BMI) composites is an advanced kind of CFRPs with greater strength and heat resistance, having been rapidly applied in lightweight and high temperature resistant structures in the aerospace field. To suppress the defect during the drilling of carbon fiber/BMI composites, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the defect formation and suppression mechanism at different positions. In this study, the defects formation in both conventional drilling (CD) and UVAD were observed and analyzed. The variation trend in the defect factor and thrust force with the spindle speed and feed rate were acquired. The results revealed that the UVAD could significantly enhance the hole’s quality with no delamination and burr. Meanwhile, the defect suppression mechanism and thrust force in UVAD were analyzed and verified, where the method of rod chip removal affected the exit defect formation. In summary, UVAD can be considered a promising and competitive technique for drilling carbon fiber/BMI composites.