切换拓扑下无人机集群系统时变编队控制

针对多无人机(UAV)间通信拓扑可能发生变化的情况,研究了具有二阶积分特性的无人机集群系统的轨迹跟踪与时变编队控制问题。基于一致性方法设计了编队控制器,将编队控制问题转换成闭环系统的稳定性问题,引入了切换拓扑平均驻留时间的概念,并在此基础上利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法,给出了控制器设计步骤。通过构造分段连续Lyapunov函数,证明了切换拓扑下无人机集群系统能够实现对指定轨迹的跟踪并且实现时变编队飞行。以三维空间运动的无人机集群系统为例进行了仿真验证,结果表明本文所提方法能够解决切换拓扑下无人机集群系统的轨迹跟踪与时变编队问题。     

一种基于广义逆的无人机鲁棒控制分配方法

针对无人机广泛采用先进操纵面带来的控制分配问题,提出了基于闭环广义逆的鲁棒控制分配新方案。在基于广义逆的控制分配方法基础上,加入了控制量对应状态的反馈,分析了新方案的可行性,给出了采用新方案后闭环系统稳定的充分必要条件,提出了新的控制分配律设计方法,并研究了闭环系统的稳态特性。数值仿真验证结果表明该方案能够解决先进布局无人机飞行控制系统的控制分配问题,可推广至广义的控制分配领域。     

用于翼面的一种柔性驱动结构的数值仿真分析

变体飞机是通过机翼的柔性、连续变形,使飞机可以实现在不同飞行环境下都具有最佳气动外形。本文提出了一种新的弹簧网状柔性机翼驱动结构模型。在小变形假定的条件下,建立有限元模型,计算得到了典型受力条件下的变形特征,通过数据分析,对比了理论模型解与仿真解的差异,并总结出网状弹簧柔性结构驱动设计的优点与可行性,为模型后续研究提供了指导方向与依据。同时该研究结果对于变体飞机驱动结构的设计具有一定的参考价值。     

机翼滑移过程气动力与稳定性分析

为适应不同飞行状态,设计了一种机翼可纵向滑移的变体飞机,并分析了在变体过程中的纵向气动特性与纵向稳定性。通过FLUENT UDF动网格技术,计算得到飞机机翼以不同速度滑移的变体过程中纵向气动力和力矩系数的变化情况,据此定性分析机翼滑移速度对纵向气动力和力矩系数的影响;通过研究飞机变体过程中焦点与重心的位置变化曲线,分析飞机在变体过程中的稳定性。结果显示:变体过程中机翼低速滑移时,滑移速度对纵向气动力和力矩系数影响不大;飞机在变体过程中由纵向稳定飞行状态变为不稳定飞行状态。     

通信约束下异构多无人机任务分配方法

针对异构多无人机协同执行侦察和打击任务中,存在通信距离、时间延迟等约束条件下的局部任务分配问题,提出了一种基于合同网的分布式多无人机任务分配方法。首先建立了异构集群发现新目标时的局部任务分配问题模型,设计了局部无人机通信网络中的信息一致性算法,实现了任务分配过程中任务发布阶段各无人机的冲突消解。设计了任务分配过程中的联盟构建和无人机资源管理方法,使联盟中各无人机能够以更加平衡的方式消耗资源。仿真结果表明,该方法能够解决通信约束下,异构多无人机执行察打任务时,所触发的针对目标打击任务的任务分配问题,且能够获得最大的系统效能。     

联合连通拓扑下多无人机编队控制

针对在联合连通拓扑条件下的多无人机系统,研究了具有二阶动力学系统模型的多无人机系统时变编队控制问题。基于一致性理论,设计了一致性控制器,将联合连通拓扑条件下的编队控制问题简化为低阶时间平均系统的渐进稳定性问题。利用Lyapunov函数证明了所设计的控制器能够实现编队控制,并利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法给出了控制器的设计算法。在三维空间中,对多无人机系统进行了仿真,验证了所设计的一致性控制器能够使得多无人机系统在联合连通拓扑条件下形成时变编队。     

过驱动飞行器积分滑模容错控制方法

针对过驱动飞行控制系统中执行器故障时的协调分配问题,提出了一种基于积分滑模的容错飞行控制器设计方法.引入虚拟控制思想,构造了多执行器故障条件下飞行器层级结构控制的数学模型.运用小增益定理,推导了系统闭环稳定的充分条件,并基于线性矩阵不等式,建立了最优状态反馈的凸优化模型.以积分滑模面切换函数为变量,选取李雅普诺夫能量函数,设计了渐近稳定的积分滑模控制器.仿真结果表明,该方法可综合考虑执行器完好和故障时的控制效能,能够实现多操纵面容错飞行控制,具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于干扰观测器的四旋翼无人机轨迹跟踪鲁棒控制

针对四旋翼无人机提出了一种基于干扰观测器的轨迹跟踪鲁棒控制算法。在外界气流干扰和内部模型参数不确定性的影响下,保证空间位置和偏航角可以快速平滑地跟踪参考信号。对于位置子系统,设计了自适应更新算法,对质量不确定性和气动干扰力进行抑制。设计了一个新颖的非线性干扰观测器,对未知气动干扰力矩进行观测。通过在控制输入中加入干扰力矩的观测值,保证姿态子系统能够以指数收敛速率跟踪中间指令信号。利用Lyapunov理论,证明了整个闭环系统全局渐近稳定。仿真结果表明,该控制器简单有效,对外界干扰具有较强的鲁棒性,同时对负载不确定性也具有自适应能力。     

变形无人机地面站一体化设计方法

针对具有半双工数据链变形无人机地面操控困难的问题,提出一种Windows平台下供外场使用的便携式变形无人机地面站一体化设计方法。采用虚拟技术、地理信息技术、消息与内存共享机制,实现了变形无人机数据链从物理半双工到虚拟全双工的转换,完成了便携式变形无人机地面站的工程化。经外场试飞验证,该地面站在虚拟全双工模式下数据指令最短发送周期能够达到20ms,其性能已经达到物理全双工系统的指标,为今后研制开发低成本、小型化的无人机一体化地面站提供了技术支撑。     

基于双回路控制的电动负载模拟器研究

电动舵机负载模拟器可在实验条件下模拟飞行器飞行过程中舵机受到的空气动力铰链力矩,是半实物仿真的重要设备。在介绍电动负载模拟器研究进展并指出目前伺服系统研究所面临的难题的基础上,以改善系统动态频响为目标,设计基于双回路电机的加载方案并建立双回路系统的数学模型;通过系统仿真,分析系统输出力矩对指令力矩的跟踪能力,验证数学模型的准确性。结果表明:双回路方案有效地抑制了系统多余力,其工作频带在舵机扰动的情况下仍可达35 Hz,为电动负载模拟器提供了一种频带更高、匹配性更好的实现方案。     

Gain self-scheduled H_∞ control for morphing aircraft in the wing transition process based on an LPV model

This article investigates gain self-scheduled H 1 robust control system design for a tailless fold- ing-wing morphing aircraft in the wing shape varying process. During the wing morphing phase, the aircraft’s dynamic response will be governed by time-varying aerodynamic forces and moments. Nonlinear dynamic equations of the morphing aircraft are linearized by using Jacobian linearization approach, and a linear parameter varying (LPV) model of the morphing aircraft in wing folding is obtained. A multi-loop controller for the morphing aircraft is formulated to guarantee stability for the wing shape transition process. The proposed controller uses a set of inner-loop gains to provide stability using classical techniques, whereas a gain self-scheduled H 1 outer-loop controller is devised to guarantee a specific level of robust stability and performance for the time-varying dynamics. The closed-loop simulations show that speed and altitude vary slightly during the whole wing folding process, and they converge rapidly after the process ends. This proves that the gain self-scheduled H 1 robust controller can guarantee a satisfactory dynamic performance for the morphing aircraft during the whole wing shape transition process. Finally, the flight control system’s robustness for the wing folding process is verified according to uncertainties of the aerodynamic parameters in the nonlinear model.     

Integrated method of guidance,control and morphing for hypersonic morphing vehicle in glide phase

The morphing technology of hypersonic vehicle improved the flight performance by changing aerodynamic characteristics with shape deformations, but the design of guidance and control system with morphing laws remained to be explored. An Integrated of Guidance, Control and Morphing (IGCM) method for Hypersonic Morphing Vehicle (HMV) was developed in this paper. The IGCM method contributed to an effective solution of morphing characteristic to improve flight performance and reject the disturbance for guidance and control system caused by the morphing system for HMV in gliding phase. The IGCM models were established based on the motion models and aerodynamic models of the variable span vehicle. Then the IGCM method was designed by adaptive block dynamic surface back-stepping method with stability proof. The parallel controlled simulations’ results showed the effectiveness in accomplishing the flight mission of IGCM method in glide phase with smaller terminal errors. The velocity loss of HMV was reduced by 32.8% which inferred less flight time and larger terminal flight velocity than invariable span vehicle. Under the condition of large deviations of aerodynamic parameters and atmospheric density, the robustness of IGCM method with variable span was verified.     

无人机综合飞行/推力矢量控制

以某无人机为背景,主要研究大机动时带推力矢量的综合飞行/推进控制系统的设计方法。应用非线性动态逆方法,根据无人机本身具有明显不同时间尺度差异的动力学特性,结合奇异摄动理论将控制变量按照响应快慢分为4个回路进行了控制器的设计与仿真;设计推力矢量控制和气动控制相结合的控制器,实现飞行和推力矢量的控制综合;将无人机的任务转化为对飞行控制的限制条件,对所设计的控制系统进行了数字仿真,结果表明所设计的控制器能够满足飞机做大机动时的控制要求。     

智能变形机翼无人机稳定与飞行控制研究

研究了采用分布式翼面变形装置替代操纵面的无人机稳定与飞行控制技术。针对智能材料制成的变形装置,确定了变形无人机的气动力计算模型,得到了控制效能系数;采用极点配置法设计了侧向控制系统,纵向控制系统的设计采用了PID控制。仿真结果验证了利用翼面变形装置替代操纵面进行稳定和机动的可行性。该项研究可为无人机的飞行控制设计提供理论参考。     

Predictor-based model reference adaptive roll and yaw control of a quad-tiltrotor UAV

An attempt is made to apply modern control technology to the roll and yaw control of a rudderless quad-tiltrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in the latter part of the flight mode transition, where aerodynamic forces on the tiltrotor’s wings start to take effect. A predictor-based adaptive roll and yaw controller is designed to compensate for system uncertainties and parameter changes. A dynamics model of the tiltrotor is built. A Radial-Basis Function (RBF) neural network and offline adaptation method are used to reduce flight controller workload and cope with the nonlinearities in the controls. Simulations are conducted to verify the reference model response tracking and yaw-roll control decoupling ability of the adaptive controller, as well as the validity of the offline adaptation method. Flight tests are conducted to confirm the ability of the adaptive controller to track different roll and yaw reference model responses. The decoupling of roll and yaw controls is also tested in flight via coordinated turn maneuvers with different rotor tilt angles.     

基于Kalman滤波的变体飞行器T-S模糊控制

针对变体飞行器的跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于Kalman滤波的T-S模糊控制方法。考虑飞行器系统状态不可测,引入惯导数据作为辅助信息,利用Kalman滤波算法融合飞控信息与惯导信息实现状态估计。由于变体飞行器在不同变形结构下气动特性变化较大,为便于控制器设计,采用小扰动线性化方法得到飞行器在不同平衡点处的局部线性模型,并通过状态反馈方法设计局部控制器,局部线性模型和局部控制器通过模糊集和模糊规则聚合成一个连续光滑的全局T-S模糊模型和T-S模糊控制器。通过综合Kalman滤波器与T-S模糊控制器得到一个基于Kalman滤波的T-S模糊控制器。仿真结果表明,该控制器在变形过程中能够实现状态估计,保证飞机的跟踪性能。     

基于极值搜索的四旋翼无人机自抗扰控制

为了提高四旋翼无人机飞行过程中的抗干扰能力,提出了基于极值搜索算法的自抗扰控制技术。首先,建立了四旋翼无人机非线性数学模型;然后,设计了基于极值搜索的自抗扰控制器,对无人机的位置和姿态进行控制;同时,设计扩张状态观测器估计系统内部及外部总扰动,对系统扰动进行补偿。仿真结果表明,所提方法不仅能抑制外界干扰,而且能显著改善飞行控制系统的瞬态性能和稳态性能。     

Proportional fuzzy feed-forward architecture control validation by wind tunnel tests of a morphing wing

In aircraft wing design, engineers aim to provide the best possible aerodynamic performance under cruise flight conditions in terms of lift-to-drag ratio. Conventional control sur-faces such as flaps, ailerons, variable wing sweep and spoilers are used to trim the aircraft for other flight conditions. The appearance of the morphing wing concept launched a new challenge in the area of overall wing and aircraft performance improvement during different flight segments by locally altering the flow over the aircraft's wings. This paper describes the development and appli-cation of a control system for an actuation mechanism integrated in a new morphing wing structure. The controlled actuation system includes four similar miniature electromechanical actuators dis-posed in two parallel actuation lines. The experimental model of the morphing wing is based on a full-scale portion of an aircraft wing, which is equipped with an aileron. The upper surface of the wing is a flexible one, being closed to the wing tip; the flexible skin is made of light composite materials. The four actuators are controlled in unison to change the flexible upper surface to improve the flow quality on the upper surface by delaying or advancing the transition point from laminar to turbulent regime. The actuators transform the torque into vertical forces. Their bases are fixed on the wing ribs and their top link arms are attached to supporting plates fixed onto the flex-ible skin with screws. The actuators push or pull the flexible skin using the necessary torque until the desired vertical displacement of each actuator is achieved. The four vertical displacements of the actuators, correlated with the new shape of the wing, are provided by a database obtained through a preliminary aerodynamic optimization for specific flight conditions. The control system is designed to control the positions of the actuators in real time in order to obtain and to maintain the desired shape of the wing for a specified flight condition. The feasibility and effectiveness of the developed control system by use of a proportional fuzzy feed-forward methodology are demon-strated experimentally through bench and wind tunnel tests of the morphing wing model.     

Modeling and flapping vibration suppression of a novel tailless flapping wing micro air vehicle

This paper establishes and analyzes a high-fidelity nonlinear time-periodic dynamic model and the corresponding state observer for flapping vibration suppression of a novel tailless Flapping Wing Micro Air Vehicle(FWMAV), named NPU-Tinybird. Firstly, a complete modeling of NPU-Tinybird is determined, including the aerodynamic model based on the quasi-steady method, the kinematic and dynamic model about the mechanism of flapping and attitude control,combined with the single rigid body dynamic mod...     

含有SMA弹簧驱动器的可变倾斜角翼梢小翼研究

 针对传统翼梢小翼在非设计状态减阻效果不佳的缺点,提出一种含有形状记忆合金(SMA)弹簧驱动器的变体翼梢小翼结构,它能根据飞行状态主动调整小翼的倾斜角,实时优化飞机的阻力特性.采用力-热-应变耦合法设计了所需的SMA弹簧驱动器,并通过有限元仿真与风洞试验验证了变体翼梢小翼的变形能力,最后初步研究了变体翼梢小翼的闭环控制方法.研究结果表明,在飞机的起飞阶段(自由来流流速为26 m/s,迎角为3°),变体翼梢小翼的倾斜角能在1 min内自主完成预定变化过程,倾斜角的最大变化量为23°,控制精度的最大误差为12%,各项指标均符合设计要求.