基于波形熵的雷达目标一维距离像检测技术

高分辨雷达一维距离像目标检测实质上是扩展目标检测,具有与低分辨雷达回波目标检测不同的特点.通过分析目标一维距离像和噪声的波形特点,提出了一种基于波形熵的一维距离像检测方法.该方法对目标一维距离像信号形式和噪声的先验知识要求少,运算复杂性小,易于工程实现.仿真实验说明算法能有效地提高检测性能.     

利用一维像序列时域差分估计目标进动频率

针对弹道目标识别中目标运动特征参数估计问题,提出一种一维距离像（HRRP）序列时域差分目标进动频率估计方法,该方法首先对一维距离像进行归一化处理,利用峰值法对齐相邻一维距离像,然后计算相邻一维距离像之间的差分值,获得相邻一维距离像差分值序列,最后采用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）从该差分值序列中估计目标进动频率。该方法具有以下优点：利用相邻一维距离像差分值序列能够增强目标进动频率成份,降低其他频率成份,更有利于进动频率的估计;只需要对齐相邻2个一维距离像,而避免了对齐一维距离像序列所带来的问题。利用由FEKO软件计算的进动目标宽带一维距离像仿真数据进行了实验,结果表明所提方法比常规的加权累积法更有效,估计精度更高。     

海面舰船目标雷达距离高分辨特性测量

雷达距离高分辨特性,即目标的一维高分辨距离像特性,能够体现目标的形状及结构信息,且易获取,有利于对目标进行准确识别,这已成为目前雷达目标识别领域的一个重要研究方向。开展目标一维高分辨特性研究的一个重要基础是测量,因而通过测量目标的一维高分辨距离像并分析目标特性,对目标识别具有重大理论意义与实际应用价值。基于此,文章利用实验室现有全相参新体制雷达导引头目标测量平台,对海面舰船目标的距离高分辨特性进行了初步实测,获取了海面舰船的米级高分辨距离像,为今后深入开展海面舰船目标识别研究奠定了坚实基础。     

非高斯杂波背景中距离扩展目标的盲积累检测器

在采用球不变随机向量(SIRV)建模的非高斯杂波背景下,研究了导向矢量失配或未知时距离扩展目标的检测问题。先假设导向矢量已知,采用广义似然比检验(GLRT)得到每个距离单元的归一化匹配滤波器(NMF)统计量,再将多个距离单元的统计量进行非相干积累得到扩展目标的NMF积累检测器(NMFI),然后通过最大化检测统计量的方法,结合特征值分解技术,对导向矢量进行估计,提出了距离扩展目标的盲NMFI(B-NMFI)。仿真分析表明:当导向矢量失配时,NMFI的检测性能优于GLRT;当导向矢量未知时,B-NMFI能有效地检测目标,并且对不同方位的目标具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于修正离散Chirp-Fourier变换的高速目标ISAR距离像补偿

分析了高速运动目标的逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）回波信号模型和高速运动对ISAR信号处理的影响。结果表明,高速运动特征会导致目标一维距离像的畸变和二维像的模糊。为此,提出了一种基于修正离散Chirp Fourier变换（MDCFT）的高速运动目标距离像补偿算法,采用MDCFT谱包络最小Shannon熵准则进行参数估计,可解决幅度最大准则下参数估计性能恶化的问题。仿真结果表明了该距离像补偿算法的有效性。     

一种基于高分辨率距离像自动目标识别新方法

提出了一种基于高分辨率距离像的联合对准与识别新方法。该方法结合功率变换的使用，在利用8米雷达目标实测数据进行的识别实验中，获得了较高的正确识别率。     

Lognormal杂波环境中基于Hough变换的目标检测

给出了基于Hough变换的信号检测结构,推导了Lognormal分布杂波背景下基于Hough 变换检测器的检测性能的解析表达式,设计了具体的仿真环境和仿真流程,对基于Hough变换检测器在非起伏目标和四种Swerling起伏环境下的目标检测性能进行了分析。     

基于位置信息的高分辨雷达角闪烁抑制方法

角闪烁误差是导引头寻的制导的主要误差来源,基于高分辨力雷达的单脉冲测角算法可有效改善角闪烁现象。现有的研究大多基于幅度加权的思想,利用距离单元的幅度信息进行加权平滑处理。本文在现有高分辨测角算法的基础上,结合高分辨一维距离像的位置信息,提出了一种新的角度信息处理方法。该算法充分利用了距离像有效单元的目标信息,提高了角度测量精度。仿真实验表明该算法对角闪烁有较好的抑制作用。     

宽带认知雷达低峰均比波形快速设计算法

发射波形设计是宽带认知雷达系统的关键技术。为了提高宽带认知雷达系统对距离扩展目标的检测性能,建立了目标检测模型,分析了系统的检测性能,在此基础之上研究了基于最大输出信干噪比(SINR)的低峰均比(PAR)波形设计算法。通过将原波形优化问题等效为接收权值与低峰均比波形的联合优化问题,同时利用循环优化的思想,提出了一种低峰均比波形快速设计算法。相比于现有的梯度法以及凸优化算法,该算法所设计的恒模波形信干噪比与二者相当,但算法实现难度明显变小,计算复杂度明显降低。仿真结果证实了算法的有效性。     

多传感器决策融合系统中的决策空间优化划分研究

 在假定各局部检测器的决策规则已经给定以及在Ｂｈａｔａｃｈａｒｙｙａ距离最大的意义下,对多传感器融合系统中的决策空间优化划分设计进行了研究。首先基于Ｂｈａｔａｃｈａｒｙｙａ距离准则,把对整个系统决策空间的优化划分解耦为分别对各局部检测器决策空间的优化划分;然后从理论上证明了这种划分设计在最大Ｂｈａｔａｃｈａｒｙｙａ距离意义下的最优性,以及这种基于最大Ｂｈａｔａｃｈａｒｙｙａ距离准则进行优化划分设计的合理性;最后,通过对瑞利起伏环境下信号检测融合问题的数值计算表明,本文方法的性能优于基于Ｊ－散度方法的性能。     

A Practical PRSD System for Multiple Target Detection

A block diagram of a practical system using the sequential detection technique for radar detection of multiple targets is given. The system is designed to obtain better detection probability with a lower value of signal-to-noise ratio for a given false-alarm probability and average transmitted power. The total pulse duration is divided into a number of range elements which are tested for the presence or absence of a target before switching the antenna beam to the next position.     

GLRT subspace detection for range and Doppler distributed targets

A generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is derived for adaptive detection of range and Doppler-distributed targets. The clutter is modeled as a spherically invariant random process (SIRP) and its texture component is range dependent (heterogeneous clutter). We suppose here that the speckle component covariance matrix is known or estimated thanks to a secondary data set. Thus, unknown parameters to be estimated are local texture values, the complex amplitudes and Doppler frequencies of all scattering centers. To do so, we use superresolution methods. The proposed detector assumes a priori knowledge on the spatial distribution of the target and has the precious property of having a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) with the assumption of a known speckle covariance matrix or by the use of frequency agility.     

Effects of two-way decorrelation on radar detection inscintillation

A 3 dB gain in average signal-to-noise ratio of a monostatic radar operating in scintillation has recently been established both theoretically and observationally. The statistics of two-way scintillation are derived here for the case where the uplink and downlink both experience Rayleigh fading and where there is arbitrary correlation between the scintillation on the two paths. These statistics are then used to compute radar detection curves. A surprising result is obtained. The probability of detection is only weakly dependent (for P _D in the range 0.1 to 0.9) on the degree of uplink-downlink correlation in the scintillation when the average (nonfading) signal-to-noise ratio is constant and when proper account is taken of the change in mean power between the monostatic and bistatic cases. Much larger differences are seen in the detection curves with scintillation compared with nonfading curves (for P_D equal to 0.7 this scintillation loss is about 7 dB). Thus the difference in detection performance of monostatic and bistatic radars is determined primarily by the difference in the radar cross section (RCS) of the target for the two cases     

基于灰色神经网络的疲劳裂纹预测方法研究

为对构件疲劳损伤进行预测,提出了基于灰色神经网络模型的疲劳裂纹扩展预测方法。将灰色GM（I,1）模型向BP网络映射,建立了一维灰色神经网络GNNM（1,1）模型。基于灰色GM（1,1）模型的发展系数和灰作用量给出了GNNM（1,1）模型初始权值。应用建立的GNNM（1,1）模型预测了某不锈钢构件腐蚀疲劳裂纹的扩展,并与GM（I,1）模型的预测结果进行了对比,表明GNNM（1,1）模型具有更高的预测精度和模型精度。     

Moving target detection via airborne HRR phased array radar

We study moving target detection in the presence of temporally and spatially correlated ground clutter for airborne high range resolution (HRR) phased array radar. We divide the HRR range profiles into large range segments to avoid the range migration problems that occur in the HRR radar data. Since each range segment contains a sequence of HRR range bins, no information is lost due to the division and hence no loss of resolution occurs. We show how to use a vector autoregressive (VAR) filtering technique to suppress the ground clutter. Then a moving target detector based on a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detection strategy is derived. The detection threshold is determined according to the desired false alarm rate, which is made possible via an asymptotic statistical analysis. After the target Doppler frequency and spatial signature vectors are estimated from the VAR-filtered data as if a target were present, a simple detection variable is computed and compared with the detection threshold to render a decision on the presence of a target. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed moving target detection algorithm     

HRR Detector for Slow-Moving Targets in Sea Clutter

The radar detection of targets in the presence of sea clutter has historically relied upon the radial velocity of targets with respect to the radar platform either by exploiting the relative target Dopplers (for targets with sufficient radial velocity) or by discerning the paths targets traverse from scan to scan. For targets with little to no radial velocity component, though, it can become quite difficult to differentiate targets from the surrounding sea clutter. This paper addresses the detection of slow-moving targets in sea clutter using a high resolution radar (HRR) such that the target has perceptible extent in range. Under the assumption of completely random sea clutter spikes based on an epsiv-contaminated mixture model with the signal and clutter powers known, optimal detection performance results from using the likelihood ratio test (LRT). However, for realistic sea clutter, the clutter spikes tend to be a localized phenomenon. Based upon observations from real radar data measurements, a heuristic approach exploiting a salient aspect of the idealized LRT is developed which is shown to perform well when applied to real measured sea clutter.     

Low cost Doppler ratio detection radar with interclutter visibility

A low cost concept, called Doppler ratio detection (DRD), for suppressing the clutter residue of Doppler radars is described. The concept provides a simple way to establish a target detect-clutter reject threshold at each range cell, whether a MTI canceler only or a bank of Doppler filters is used. In its simplest form, the target detect/clutter reject threshold is based on the ratio of the magnitudes of Doppler-processed and non-Doppler processed signals. The experiment showed that clutter was rejected, but the amount of added degradation in detection sensitivity was not determined. This degradation will depend on a number of factors, including the number of pulses per beamwidth     

基于匹配渐进展开的跳跃式再入解析预测-校正制导律设计

为了适应低升阻比飞行器再入返回的大航程要求,针对大气跳跃再入飞行环境复杂并难以直接获得解析解的特点,基于匹配渐进展开法设计了一种跳跃式再入解析预测-校正制导方法。首先分析了低升阻比飞行器大气跳跃再入轨迹的飞行剖面和制导分段方法;然后分别推导了其运动方程以重力作用为主导的外解和以气动力作用为主导的内解的渐进展开形式,并通过匹配获得了统一的封闭解析表达式;接着基于此解析解实时预测飞行器的剩余航程,并通过不断迭代升阻比垂向分量以满足最后的落点精度;最后针对跳跃再入飞行的不同阶段设计了不同的制导策略以获得最终的倾侧角指令。仿真结果表明采用跳跃式再入返回技术,阿波罗指令舱的航程能够达到8 348 km,而解析预测-校正制导律的落点精度为0.338 km,证明了此方法的有效性。     

A High-Resolution Radar Detection Strategy

A comparison of single range cell detection and integrated contiguous range cell detection for a high range resolution radar is presented. A simulation was used to generate probability of detection curves for the two detection strategies using 10 target models with different target scattering characteristics. The integrated range cell detection strategy was found to be superior in all cases except when the target is composed of a single strong flare point.