合成射流大攻角非对称涡控制的试验研究

利用合成射流对细长旋成体大攻角非对称涡控制进行了研究,基于合成射流激励器设计了一频率高达1kHz的非定常小扰动控制机构,并将其成功应用于大攻角非对称涡主动流动控制。应用天平测力和七孔探针流场测试技术,研究了合成射流非定常小扰动电压和频率对非对称涡的控制特性和规律。结果表明,采用合成射流能够完全消除背涡的非对称性,扰动频率是影响非对称涡控制的一个关键参数,高频扰动下模型背风区非对称涡结构趋于无控制流态。且文中结果发现,当攻角α=57.5°、非定常小扰动频率fs=150Hz时,即可将非对称涡完全控制成为对称涡。     

细长旋成体大迎角俯仰振荡的数值研究

为研究俯仰振荡对细长旋成体流场与气动特性的影响,利用雷诺平均方法与大涡模拟的混合方法相结合的脱体涡模拟方法对大迎角下细长旋成体俯仰运动进行了数值模拟研究。通过对背风面分离涡的强度和位置、细长体绕流形态、截面压强系数和侧向力系数的观察和分析,发现施加小振幅、特定频率的俯仰振荡对大迎角细长旋成体背风面流场有明显的控制能力,...     

非定常动静叶干涉作用的二维数值模拟

采用涡方法研究叶轮机内动、静叶间的相互作用,它利用全三维的、通道时间平均的定常解为基础解,并由此给出非定常扰动场的初始解。为计算叶片对扰动场的响应过程,采用拉格朗日方法追踪扰动涡团的对流流动过程,用确定性涡方法来描述流体的粘性扩散过程。用该方法对某型压气机的一级（动、静叶栅距比为１．７４）的动、静叶相互作用,进行了二维有粘问题的数值模拟。数值结果表明,该方法具有较好的收敛性和收敛速度;转子出口的尾迹和各种旋涡等非定常因素在静叶通道中的切割、迁移过程,非定常性对静叶攻角的影响以及脉动压力的振幅衰减特性也在文中作了分析。     

细长体简谐振动绕流的数值模拟

用数值模拟方法研究了椭圆锥细长体简谐振动非定常过程的流场特性。数值模拟的出发方程是可压缩流的全Ｎ－Ｓ方程，计算格式为ＴＶＤ格式。数值模拟中，研究了细长简谐振动绕流的非定常流场特性，不同振动缩减频率和压缩性效应的影响，揭示了非定常流场的特性和流动机理。     

上游尾迹与涡轮转子泄漏流相互作用数值模拟

叶轮机内部流动本质上是周期性非定常的,研究涡轮转子叶尖区域的非定常相互作用机理,对提高小展弦比高负荷涡轮性能具有重要意义.利用数值模拟方法研究了上游静子尾迹与涡轮转子叶尖泄漏流的非定常相互作用,分析了定常结果、时间平均结果以及瞬时时刻结果的流动图画.结果表明:上游静子尾迹与涡轮转子尖区二次流的相互作用能明显影响泄漏涡和机匣通道涡的时空演化规律,从而改变转子尖区的损失分布.上游尾迹在转子通道中传播时,诱导泄漏涡和通道涡区域出现周期性的扰动涡对,扰动涡对沿着泄漏涡和通道涡的轨迹向下游运动,使得转子尖区二次流结构呈现周期性变化.      

跨声速压气机转子叶尖非定常流场数值研究

采用时间精确求解方法对某高负荷跨声速轴流压气机转子在98%设计转速下的叶尖非定常流场进行了数值研究.结果显示,激波自身振荡不明显,叶尖区域流动的非定常性主要来源于叶尖泄漏涡的破碎及其与激波之间的相互干涉.对比设计状态与失速状态下叶尖泄漏涡的特点发现:在近失速点时,叶尖区域间歇性出现前缘溢流.分析表明:叶尖泄漏涡在激波后破碎是造成堵塞的主要原因,也是造成spike型失速初始扰动的原因.      

Parametric analyses for synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoil

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the effects of synthetic jet control on separation and stall over rotor airfoils. The preconditioned and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations coupled with a k x shear stream transport turbulence model are employed to accomplish the flowfield simulation of rotor airfoils under jet control. Additionally,a velocity boundary condition modeled by a sinusoidal function is developed to fulfill the perturbation effect of periodic jets. The validity of the present CFD procedure is evaluated by the simulated results of an isolated synthetic jet and the jet control case for airfoil NACA0015. Then, parametric analyses are conducted specifically for an OA213 rotor airfoil to investigate the effects of jet parameters(forcing frequency, jet location and momentum coefficient, jet direction, and distribution of jet arrays) on the control effect of the aerodynamic characteristics of a rotor airfoil. Preliminary results indicate that the efficiency of jet control can be improved with specific frequencies(the best lift-drag ratio at F+= 2.0) and jet angles(40 or 75) when the jets are located near the separation point of the rotor airfoil. Furthermore, as a result of a suitable combination of jet arrays, the lift coefficient of the airfoil can be improved by nearly 100%, and the corresponding drag coefficient decreased by26.5% in comparison with the single point control case.     

大迎角下俯仰振荡对细长体气动特性的影响

通过对头部无扰动和有扰动的两个细长体模型进行数值计算,分析了各个流场中涡系结构和气动力变化历程,并对比两者之间的差别.发现在高频率小振幅的俯仰振荡作用下,头部无扰动和有扰动的细长体的流场随时间的发展慢慢由非对称转变为对称.相对于头部有扰动的细长体,在第一个振荡周期内非定常俯仰运动对头部无扰动的细长体作用更明显.     

压缩性对细长体涡流非对称发展的影响

通过数值方法对大迎角细长体湍流流场的模拟,探讨压缩性对细长体非对称绕流发展的影响。结果表明细长体顶端的极小扰动诱发显著的非对称绕流,非对称的涡系结构沿轴向是逐步演化的;在亚临界横流马赫数区间,马赫数越高非对称越显著;在超临界横流马赫数区间,细长体两侧出现横流激波,非对称的发展被抑制,马赫数越高非对称越弱。     

细长旋成体大迎角非定常运动数值研究

利用DES方法对处于非对称流态下的细长旋成体进行了俯仰和偏航振荡的数值模拟,观察细长体气动特性尤其是背风面非对称分离涡的变化。计算结果表明在大迎角非对称多涡系情况下,固定频率和振幅的非定常运动可以改变流场结构和气动力,对细长体背风面流态有巨大的影响。俯仰振荡对非对称分离涡有明显的控制作用,抑制流场的非对称性,使分离涡趋于对称;而固定频率的偏航振荡则破坏背风面分离涡的稳定性,激励非对称背涡产生随时间变化的周期性脱落。所进行的非定常运动与细长体流场耦合作用研究在国内外研究尚少。     

Investigation of flow unsteadiness in a highly-loaded compressor cascade using a dynamic mode decomposition method

Unsteady flow in the hub endwall region has long been a hot topic in the turbomachinery community. However important it is to the performance of the whole engine, the coherent unsteady flow phenomena are still not well understood. In this paper, the complex flow field in the hub endwall of a cantilevered compressor cascade has been investigated through numerical approach. The predicted results were validated by experimental data. To highlight the dominant flow structures among irregular and chao...     

三角翼涡破裂非定常特性实验研究

本文依据染色液流动显示结果,通过子波和频谱分析,探讨了70°三角翼前缘涡涡核轴向速度的变化规律及其子波特性、涡破裂位置的非定常特性,指出涡破裂点位置的变化属于低频高幅振荡,这主要是左右涡之间的相互作用造成的,当两个涡的时间平均涡破裂点位置彼此靠得更近时,相应的振荡就更大一些,此外本实验得到涡破裂位置振荡的折合频率在St=0.2以内.     

临界雷诺数下旋成体头部/后体和非对称涡流动响应间的确定性

 在尖拱形细长旋成体的大迎角（α=40°）流动中通过低速风洞测压实验研究了在临界雷诺数下模型头部扰动、后体粗糙度与非对称涡流动响应的确定性问题。实验雷诺数范围在1.0×10⁵～9.0×10⁵。实验结果分析表明，临界雷诺数下模型头部在不设置人工扰动情况下与非对称涡流动响应具有不确定性；而借鉴亚临界头部扰动与流动响应确定性问题的研究方法在模型头部设置人工扰动，结果显示响应存在确定性。关于后体粗糙度对响应的影响，实验结果表明临界雷诺数下该响应存在确定性。     

微吹气前体非对称涡控制

采用测力、测压以及粒子图像测速(PIV)流场测试试验技术,针对细长弹体大攻角时前体非对称涡控制的问题,应用连续有源微吹气与双出口合成射流微吹气手段,对前体非对称涡控制开展了试验研究。试验结果表明:连续有源微吹气控制时,在不同攻角选择适当的吹气流量可以将侧向力控制为零;双出口合成射流微吹气控制时,改变控制电压可以起到侧向力比例控制的效果。流场测试结果显示,弹体产生侧向力时背风涡为非对称结构,合成射流控制具有一定的控制频选特性。低频控制时,涡左右摆动,时均结果为对称分布;高频控制时,左右涡位置稳定,为对称分布。     

Fatigue crack propagation of new aluminum lithium alloy bonded with titanium alloy strap

A new type of aluminum lithium alloy (Al-Li alloy) Al-Li-S-4 was investigated by test in this paper. Alloy plate of 400 mm · 140 mm · 6 mm with single edge notch was made into samples bonded with Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Ti alloy) strap by FM 94 film adhesive after the surface was treated. Fatigue crack growth of samples was investigated under cyclic loading with stress ratio (R) of 0.1 and load amplitude constant. The results show that Al-Li alloy plate bonded with Ti alloy strap could retard fatigue crack propagation. Retardation effect is related with width and thickness of strap. Flaws have an observable effect on crack propagation direction.     

The role of transition in high-lift low-pressure turbines for aeroengines

The fan of a high bypass ratio turbo fan engine produces up to 80% of the total thrust of the engine. It is the low-pressure (LP) turbine that drives the fan and, on some engines, a number of compressor stages. The unsteady aerodynamics of the LP turbine, and in particular, the role of unsteady flow in laminar–turbulent transition, is the subject of this paper.The flow in turbomachines is unsteady due to the relative motion of the rows of blades. In the LP turbine, the wakes from the upstream blade rows provide the dominant source of unsteadiness. Because much of the blade-surface boundary-layer flow is laminar, one of the most important consequences of this unsteadiness is the interaction of the wakes with the suction-side boundary layer of a downstream blade. This is important because the blade suction—side boundary layers are responsible for most of the loss of efficiency and because the combined effects of random (wake turbulence) and periodic disturbances (wake velocity defect and pressure fields) cause the otherwise laminar boundary layer to undergo transition and eventually become turbulent.This paper discusses the development of unsteady flows in LP turbines and the process of wake-induced boundary-layer transition in low-pressure turbines and the loss generation that results. Particular emphasis will be placed on unsteady separating flows and how the effects of wakes may be exploited to control loss generation in the laminar–turbulent transition processes. This control has allowed the successful development of the latest generation of ultra-high-lift LP turbines. More recent developments, which harness the effects of surface roughness in conjunction with the wakes, are also presented.     

SCC investigation of low alloy ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2A in 3.5wt%NaCl solution by slow strain rate technique

To evaluate stress corrosion cracking(SCC) mechanism of low alloy ultra-high strength steel 30CrMnSiNi2 A in environment containing NaCl, SCC behavior of the steel in 3.5wt% NaCl solution is investigated by slow strain rate technique(SSRT) with various strain rates and applied potentials, surface analysis technique, and electrochemical measurements. SCC susceptibility of the steel increases rapidly with strain rate decreasing from 1 · 10 5s 1to 5 · 10 7s 1, and becomes stable when strain rate is lower than 5 · 10 7s 1. SCC propagation of the steel in the solution at open circuit potential(OCP) needs sufficient hydrogen which is supplied at a certain strain rate.Fracture surface at OCP has similar characteristics with that at cathodic polarization 1000 mVSCE, which presents characteristic fractography of hydrogen induced cracking(HIC).All of these indicate that SCC behavior of the steel in the solution at OCP is mainly controlled by HIC rather than anodic dissolution(AD).     

Experimental investigations on the power extraction of a turbine driven by a pulse detonation combustor

In order to grasp the interaction mechanism between the pulse detonation combustor（PDC）and the turbine,the experimental work in this paper investigates the key factors on the power extraction of a turbocharger turbine driven by a PDC.A PDC consisting of an unvalved tube is integrated with a turbocharger turbine which has a nominal mass flow rate of 0.6 kg/s and50000 r/min.The PDC-turbine hybrid engine is operated on gasoline-air mixtures and runs for6＋min to achieve a thermal steady state,and then the engine performance is evaluated under different operating conditions.Results show that the momentum difference per unit area between the turbine inlet and outlet plays an important role in the power extraction,while the pressure peak of the detonation has little effect.The equivalence ratio of fuel and air mixture and the transition structure between PDC and turbine are also important to the power extraction of the turbine.The present work is promising as it suggests that the performance beneft of a PDC-turbine hybrid engine can be realized by increasing the momentum difference per unit area through the optimal design of transition section between the PDC and turbine.     

振荡扰流片非定常流场的N-S方程数值模拟

 通过有限差分法求解不可压缩流体的二维非定常Navier-Stokes方程,研究扰流片作振荡运动引起的强迫非定常分离流特性。着重研究了雷诺数、缩减频率等因素的影响。得到涡在扰流片上生成、发展、脱落以及脱落后的演化过程;并给出扰流片和平板表面的压力分布。计算结果和实验结果符合良好。     

旋成体导弹小展弦比舵面大偏度对称状态下非对称流动机理

针对跨声速条件下,小展弦比截尖三角翼尾舵的旋成体导弹在小迎角、零侧滑、大舵偏对称状态下呈现出的非对称流动现象,本文首次对其进行了分析研究。首先,通过一系列测力试验、表面油流试验及粒子图像测速（PIV）试验对该非对称流动现象进行了精准捕捉,并对其产生的原因进行了分析。然后,基于已获得的试验数据及流场观测结果,借助数值模拟方法对所述非对称流动的细节、拓扑结构、空间形态及舵面压力分布等问题做了深入研究,并进行了详细讨论。结果表明：旋成体导弹小展弦比舵面大偏度对称偏转时,舵面前缘产生的翼尖涡会因舵面相距较近而相互干扰,促使翼尖涡沿流向非对称发展,使得舵面压力分布不均,最终导致非对称流动和较大横向量的产生,影响导弹的气动性能。