AP/RDX共晶包覆微米铝粉的制备及表征

为了改善传统含高氯酸铵(AP)固体推进剂的热效应,采用溶剂蒸发法,参照零氧平衡的比例对高氯酸铵、黑索金(RDX)和微米级铝粉进行包覆处理,制备出微球形的AP/RDX/Al核壳型复合粒子,并对包覆后的AP/RDX/Al复合粒子进行TEM、FTIR、XRD和XPS表征分析,分析表明AP和RDX形成了AP/RDX共晶包覆层包覆在微米铝粉的表面。进一步对包覆后的复合粒子进行DSC测试分析,分析表明微米铝粉会使AP的放热更集中;经AP/RDX共晶包覆的微米铝粉颗粒热效应显著提高。     

包覆及团聚硼对富燃料推进剂燃烧性能的影响

研究了硼粉表面包覆材料的种类和含量及团聚硼的含量对富燃料推进剂燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,团聚硼有利于提高推进剂的燃速与燃速压强指数;包覆材料AP的含量对推进剂燃烧性能的影响较为复杂,低含量有利于提高推进剂的低压燃速,但对燃速压强指数不利,高含量有利于提高推进剂的燃速压强指数,但对低压燃速不利;包覆材料L iF有利于提高推进剂的低压燃速,但过高的含量降低了推进剂的燃速压强指数。     

AP包覆硼对富燃推进剂药浆流变特性的影响

用四种不同量AP包覆的硼粉,对硼含量达30%的富燃推进剂实验配方中的药浆流变特性进行了研究,结果表明:20%AP包覆硼粉的含硼富燃固体推进剂药浆的流变性与另三种硼粉的明显不同———近6h粘度为2 2kPa·s,屈服值在300Pa以下,表明其药浆流平性好并可满足浇铸要求。20%AP包覆硼的合适包覆量、包覆完整的表面性质及近似球型粒子的形状决定了其药浆的流变特性最优。     

纳米锑颗粒的制备及其分散性研究

采用电化学方法电沉积制得不同形貌及粒径的纳米锑颗粒,并在制备过程中使用OP-10对纳米锑颗粒表面进行了原位改性.通过TEM、XRD、FTIR等方法对纳米锑颗粒的形态、物相和包覆效果进行表征.结果显示,纳米锑颗粒的制备具有时间效应和电流效应.随着反应时间的加长,纳米锑颗粒粒径变大,且在某种程度上存在着团聚现象;电流密度在一定范围内,适当增大电流密度有利于纳米锑颗粒的形成.纳米锑颗粒的表面改性,主要是通过OP-10的长链分子结构与纳米锑颗粒之间的化学吸附以及OP-10的长链烷基分子之间的氢键、范德华力相互作用,分子链相互缠结,部分通过C-H键互相渗入,最终有效地包覆在纳米锑颗粒表面来达到其表面改性效果,同时在反应过程中醚键也起了一定作用.纳米锑颗粒在纯液体石蜡油中的分散稳定性能与其添加量有关,其最佳添加量为0.5％.     

Ni包覆纳米Al粉在CO_2气氛中热反应特性及动力学研究

为解决点火困难、燃烧效率低的问题,采用热分析仪研究了镍包覆纳米铝粉在二氧化碳气氛下的热反应特性和反应动力学。结果表明:对纳米铝粉表面进行镍包覆可有效降低纳米铝粉的着火温度,缩短其反应时间。升温速率在5℃/min,10℃/min和15℃/min时,镍包覆纳米铝粉与未包覆纳米铝粉相比,其着火温度分别下降了64.0℃,71.0℃和76.0℃;反应时间缩短了9.8min,6.6min和4.0min。采用Coats-Redfern法结合Malek法,选择合理的动力学模型并计算得到相应的反应动力学参数。结果表明,镍包覆纳米铝粉和未包覆纳米铝粉的氧化反应机理存在明显的差别;镍包覆纳米铝粉降低了其与二氧化碳反应的活化能,同时,研究发现,升温速率并不能改变未包覆纳米铝粉和镍包覆纳米铝粉在二氧化碳气氛中的反应机理。     

团聚硼粉与HTPB混合物流变特性

利用HAAKE流变仪研究了硼粉团聚方法、粒度、填充比例对B/HTPB混合物流变性能影响。结果表明,对于LiF包覆的硼粉(B/F),小颗粒的LiF增强了与HTPB预聚物的物理吸附作用,使体系的表观黏度反而大于未包覆的硼粉;采用HTPB包覆的硼粉(B/H,B/F/H)与HTPB混合物的表观黏度和屈服值远小于未处理硼粉,且随混合时间增加而保持不变。在相同填充质量下,小粒度团聚硼粉的黏度系数K值较大,n值较小,严重偏离牛顿流体。当团聚硼粉/HTPB质量比为55/45时,混合物的流动方程转变为Herschel-Bulkley方程,大粒度团聚硼粉的屈服值较小。因此,与小粒度硼粉相比,大粒度团聚硼粉与HTPB的混合物具有较好的流变性能。含大粒度团聚硼粉富燃料推进剂药浆具有良好的工艺性能,6 h内表观黏度小于1500 Pa.s,屈服值小于150 Pa。     

含硼富燃料推进剂凝相反应对低压燃烧的影响

用差示扫描量热(DSC)和热重分析法(TGA),分析、研究了含硼富燃料推进剂的热分解特性;并测量了推进剂的爆热和燃速,比较了AP包覆硼粒子对推进剂燃烧性能的影响。实验结果表明:含硼富燃料推进剂各组分含量相同时,在硼粒子表面包覆AP提高了推进剂的爆热,其中凝相放热量增加,气相放热量减少;而推进剂的低压燃速提高了。分析表明促进凝相反应有利于含硼富燃料推进剂低压燃速的提高。     

核壳结构Fe/Al复合粉体的制备及其放热性能分析

为了解决微米铝粉燃烧动力学慢、点火延迟长、燃烧不充分等问题,以羰基铁为前驱体,用流化床化学气相沉积(FB-CVD)法对两种不同粒径的微米铝粉进行了包覆,利用SEM,XRD和TG-DSC对所制得的Fe/A1复合粉体进行了表征.结果表明铁层均匀致密地包覆在铝颗粒表面,由Q1铝粉所制备的样品中铁的含量分别为3.62％,7.82％,12.83％.铁的包覆对铝的放热性能有很大影响,复合粉体的高温放热峰温度相对于原始铝粉虽有所升高,但是其放热过程更迅速、更集中,氧化得更充分,1500℃时其增重由原始铝粉的20.74％提高到75.74％以上,铁的包覆量为7.82％的复合粉体增重可达到80.71％,其放热性能最优.     

TiAl合金粉末射频等离子体球化过程数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法对TiAl合金粉末的射频(radio frequency)等离子体球化过程进行研究,分析速度场和温度场对不同粒径TiAl合金粉末的运动轨迹及质量变化的影响。结果表明:粉体颗粒在等离子体的高温作用下温度急剧升高,表面蒸发导致粒径降低,太小的颗粒很快蒸发消失掉;在冷却塔下端,不同粒径颗粒的运动轨迹存在较大差异,小颗粒倾向于随气流进入气流出口,大颗粒落到冷却塔底部被收集;增大气流量会提高球化系统中的气流速度,导致在气流出口能被气流带走的颗粒粒径变大,收粉率降低;模拟得到TiAl合金粉末球化后的粉末粒径分布、平均粒径及收粉率等参数与实验结果比较接近,模型能够较好地符合实际球化过程。     

强迫对流下硼颗粒燃烧特性影响因素研究

针对冲压发动机燃烧室内强迫对流下的硼颗粒燃烧特性展开了系统研究,考虑气相流动、扩散和表面单步有限化学反应动力作用,建立了强迫对流下硼颗粒燃烧过程的物理和数学模型;采用有限体积法求解含多组分反应流的二维轴对称Navier-Stokes方程,并验证了数值仿真方法的正确性。首先通过数值仿真研究了来流速度、颗粒半径、环境中氧气质量分数和环境压力等因素对硼颗粒燃烧特性的影响,并对其成因展开了详细分析。研究表明,在强迫对流作用下,硼颗粒总的燃烧质量流率和质量流率通量均随来流速度、颗粒半径、环境中氧气质量分数和环境压力的增加而增大。通过深入分析发现,强迫对流下硼颗粒的燃烧质量流率通量随着来流雷诺数的增加而增大。然后基于大量数值仿真结果,对相对静止气氛下的硼颗粒质量流率通量进行了修正,用于描述强迫对流下的硼颗粒燃烧特性。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.