MoM法分析目标面-线-面结构的散射特性研究

在准确分析目标隐身性能的基础上,对于目标面-线-面结构中导线与导体的连接问题,采用矩量法(MoM)进行分析.通过将结构中的导体与导线离散化,结合Costa基函数,很好地解决了目标面-线-面结构连接域中电流不连续的关键问题,获得了目标结构的矩量解和散射场.最后,通过Matlab编程与HFSS仿真进行比对,计算结果基本吻合,证明了结构中导线的引入使得隐身目标的电磁散射特性发生明显变化,并且验证了MoM法及Costa基函数在面-线-面结构散射场计算中的有效性和准确性,为隐身目标复杂结构散射特性研究提供了一种新的计算方法.     

飞行器翼面RCS研究

由Ｓｔｒａｔｔｏｎ－Ｃｈｕ公式及阻抗边界条件得到的目标二维电磁散射积分方程，导出了用矩量法计算飞行器翼面雷达散射截面积（ＲＣＳ）的完整公式，对某飞行器翼面进行了曲线拟合。通过计算飞行器翼面的ＲＣＳ，对翼面的散射特性及涂敷雷达吸波材料（ＲＡＭ）抑制ＲＣＳ的效果进行分析。     

民用客机电磁散射特性的研究

利用数值方法对民用客机的电磁散射问题进行了研究,相比各种高频方法,应用矩量法(MOM:Moment Method)可以获得精确的数值结果。本文建立了一种幂级数形式的混合域基函数矩量法的通用公式,该混合基函数基于四边形剖分模型,对三维矢量有效地实现了降维处理,并可用来模拟民用客机的探测的散射特性。     

用矩量法计算任意形状目标雷达散射截面

 1.引言 在电磁散射计算问题中,过去研究较多的是高频情况,所用方法通常是几何绕射法、光学法等。用矩量法计基电磁散射问题,60年代提出了网格法。这种方法多用于尺寸较小的物体,如线天线、小平板等。l984年美国人用矩量法计算了飞机、导弹等的雷达截     

一种计算隐身飞行器外形RCS的高精度快速算法

针对目前隐身飞行器外形雷达散射截面(RCS)难以准确计算的问题,提出了一种基于目标外形几何特征和矩量法的飞行器RCS算法.通过对矩量法阻抗矩阵元的理论分析,研究了物面感应电流随散射体表面曲率的变化规律,指出感应电流之间的耦合已成为影响隐身飞行器物面电流分布的重要因素,并且指出根据飞行器物面曲率分布可以预知强的感应电流耦合区域,利用这些强的电流耦合能够组成稀疏化的阻抗矩阵,从而实现飞行器RCS的快速求解.以金属双弧柱和典型隐身飞机外形为例,分析验证了物面曲率几何信息对计算结果精度的影响以及在提高计算效率方面的作用.数值结果表明该方法保持了与传统矩量法基本一致的计算精度,但计算时间仅为矩量法的7.2%.     

采用混合场方法计算二维介质-导体复合散射体雷达散射截面

在二维介质导体复合散射体计算中,对导体部分应用积分方程时,不论电场积分方程还是磁场积分方程,去求解导体的散射问题时,在内谐振条件下将出现解答的不唯一性或不稳定性,产生谐振伪解,给计算工作带来困难.为避免谐振伪解,对导体部分采用混合场积分方程方法结合介质部分体积分方程和矩量法,对TM入射平面波情形建立了该模型求解方程,并编程求解出了该模型雷达散射截面(RCS).     

基于多重网格方法的跨声速颤振数值模拟研究

使用多重网格的方法对二维翼型和三维机翼的跨声速颤振进行了数值求解.流场控制方程为N-S方程,湍流模型采用SA模型网格.计算网格采用结构网格,空间离散采用中心格式,使用双时间法进行时间推进.流场与结构之间的数据通过径向基函数(RBF)插值方法进行交换.通过耦合求解流场控制方程和结构运动方程得到Isogai(case A)机翼模型和Agard445.6机翼的跨声速颤振边界.通过与使用单重网格时得到的结果相比较得出,多重网格方法能够节省计算时间,提高颤振分析计算效率.     

叶栅离散伴随气动优化设计

正叶栅气动优化设计是一个具有复杂约束环境的多变量、非线性、多目标优化问题。基于控制理论的气动优化设计方法,因其在求解目标函数对设计变量的梯度时引入了伴随系统,又被称为伴随方法。与传统的梯度求解方法相比,伴随方法的优势在于其梯度的计算量与设计变量数目无关,计算目标函数对所有设计变量的梯度只需计算一次流场和一次伴随场,且伴随方程是线性偏微分方程,远不及流动方程复杂。其中,离散伴随方法因其伴随方程及边界条件     

基于离散伴随方程的三维雷达散射截面几何敏感度计算

针对有限差分法计算雷达散射截面（RCS）梯度效率低，采用高精度雷达散射截面评估时计算代价高的问题，提出了一种基于麦克斯韦积分方程离散伴随方程的RCS梯度高效计算方法。基于伴随方程的梯度计算可以通过一次雷达散射截面求解、一次伴随方程求解获得RCS关于所有设计变量的梯度。其中麦克斯韦积分方程离散伴随方程的形式与原方程基本一致，可以采用矩量法（MOM）及多层快速多极子算法（MLFMA）求解。伴随方程求解计算量与直接雷达散射截面评估基本一致，存储量在直接雷达散射截面评估的基础上增加不明显。通过双椎体模型、导弹模型对基于矩量法、多层快速多极子算法的伴随梯度进行验证，证明了基于伴随方法的RCS梯度计算可以实现复杂外形中RCS梯度的高效、高精度求解，为基于梯度的高精度气动/隐身一体化优化提供了基础。     

一种求解任意形状导体目标内谐振时表面电流的有效方法

用矩量法求解闭合导体目标的电场积分方程或磁场积分方程将得到不正确的表面电流。提出了一种确定正确表面电流的有效方法，即正确的表面电流由非谐振模电流和归一化的谐振模电流与一未知复因子的乘积组成，通过令闭合导体内给定点的总电场为零可得该未知复因子。计算了一无限长理想导体圆柱谐振时的表面电流，所得结果与解析解一致，进而证明了本方法的有效性和准确性。     

Comparison of Two Target Classification Techniques

It has been shown that radar returns in the resonance region carry information regarding the overall dimensions and shape of targets. Two radar target classification techniques developed to utilize such returns are discussed. Both of these techniques utilize resonance region backscatter measurements of the radar cross section (RCS) and the intrinsic target backscattered phase. A target catalog used for testing the techniques was generated from measurements of the RCS of scale models of modern aircraft and naval ships using a radar range at The Ohio State University. To test the classification technique, targets had their RCS and phase taken from the data base and corrupted by errors to simulate full-scale propagation path and processing distortion. Several classification methods were then used to determine how well the corrupted measurements fit the measurement target signatures in the catalog. The first technique uses nearest neighbor (NN) algorithms on the RCS magnitude and (range corrected) phase at a number (e.g., 2, 4, or 8) of operating frequencies. The second technique uses an inverse Fourier transformation of the complex multifrequency radar returns to the time domain followed by cross correlation. Comparisons are made of the performance of the two techniques as a function of signal-to-error noise power ratio for various processing options.     

机翼涂敷吸波材料减缩雷达散射截面的研究

推导出了光滑凸体金属表面涂敷吸波材料时的后向雷达散射截面 ( RCS)公式。对一系列涂敷吸波材料的金属平板进行了 RCS测试和理论计算。为提高计算精度,给出计算 RCS的工程修正方法。在此基础上,对机翼前后缘局部涂敷吸波材料。研究结果表明,机翼前后缘涂敷吸波材料可以有效地控制 RCS     

直升机旋翼涂敷吸波材料减缩RCS试验研究

翼面类部件的RCS减缩始终是飞行器隐身研究的重要课题,在微波暗室对某直升机旋翼金属模型和涂敷吸波材料模型进行测试研究。在金属旋翼模型表面涂敷1 mm厚吸波材料,可以在8~18 GHz、HH极化下,将其RCS的峰值减缩5~8 dB,360°周向算术均值减缩约5 dB,充分利用了所用吸波材料平板试件法向减缩量8~11 dB...     

动目标双站RCS预估的图形电磁计算（GRECO）方法

图形电磁计算 (GRECO)技术是目前分析高频区复杂目标雷达散射截面 (RCS)最有效方法之一。通过应用 GRECO方法和单 -双站等效原理 ,计算动目标高频区的双站 RCS,给出了与实验结果符合良好的计算实例 ,具有很好的工程应用价值     

预追踪法在搭建RCS计算平台中的应用

 介绍综合不同RCS贡献机理的计算平台的搭建方法。针对射线追踪法的计算量是这类RCS计算平台计算效率的瓶颈这一现状，提出仅对多次散射区采用射线追踪计算来减小计算量的方法。给出一种通过粗略的射线追踪来确定多次散射区的方法，并用该方法获得任意目标的散射分布图。对预追踪法在RCS平台的搭建中的应用方式进行探讨，并预测效果。通过具体的计算实例验证预追踪法的效果，并给出几类典型目标的多次散射区比例系数，可供采用预追踪法时参考。计算结果表明，在不改变计算精度的条件下，预追踪法可以将RCS计算平台中射线追踪部分的计算量减少到原来的1/3以下。对散射分布的可能应用做出展望，可以作为后续工作的指导。     

非合作目标动态RCS仿真方法

针对非合作目标难以开展动态测量的问题,根据空气动力学原理提出了一种非合作目标动态雷达散射截面（RCS）仿真方法。该方法首先建立测量背景下典型飞行航路模型,然后计算雷达视线在机体坐标系上的时变姿态角。根据姿态角开展电磁计算,获得F-117A隐身攻击机在侧站平飞、背站拉起、对站俯冲、侧站盘旋4种航路下的动态RCS数据。着重分析了动、静态RCS特性在起伏目标检测性能评估上的差异。结果表明：静态RCS特性难以反映目标运动时真实的雷达特性,利用静态数据描述目标特性可能导致错误结论,而文中方法获取的动态RCS数据可以提高结论的完整性和可信度。     

Fast coating analysis and modeling for RCS reduction of aircraft

In order to fast analyze the aircraft Radar Cross Section(RCS) and accurately reduce it with Radar Absorbing Materials(RAM), a comprehensive analysis method based on Higher-Order Method of Moments(HOMOM), termed Locally Coating Method(LCM), is proposed in this paper. There are two steps to fast analyze coatings for RCS reduction in this method: analyze the RCS of various parts before coating the aircraft; model a coating over the aircraft and analyze the wave absorbing effect of it. The aircraft RCS is calculated as a whole but analyzed in various parts by LCM, and thus the RCS contribution of different parts can be compared without disturbing the current continuity. A model expansion algorithm is also presented in LCM to model absorption coatings on specified aircraft parts for later stage RCS calculation of the coated aircraft.     

High-precision RCS measurement of aircraft’s weak scattering source

The radar cross section(RCS) of weak scattering source on the surface of an aircraft is usually less than 40 d Bsm.How to accurately measure the RCS characteristics of weak scattering source is a technical challenge for the aircraft's RCS measurement.This paper proposes separating and extracting the two-dimensional(2D) reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source with the microwave imaging algorithm and spectral transform so as to enhance its measurement precision.Firstly,we performed the 2D microwave imaging of the target and then used the 2D gating function to separate and extract the reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source.Secondly,we carried out the spectral transform of the reflectivity distribution and eventually obtained the RCS of the weak scattering source through calibration.The prototype experimental results and their analysis show that the measurement method is effective.The experiments on an aircraft's low-scattering conformal antenna verify that the measurement method can eliminate the clutter on the surface of aircraft.The precision of measuring a 40 d Bsm target is 3–5 d B better than the existing RCS measurement methods.The measurement method can more accurately obtain the weak scattering source's RCS characteristics.     

Application of frequency correlation function to radar target detection

Analysis of high-resolution 35 GHz synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery of terrain reveals that when point targets, such as vehicles, are viewed at angles close to grazing incidence, they are often difficult to distinguish from tree trunks because the radar cross section (RCS) intensities of the vehicles are comparable to the upper end of the RCS exhibited by tree trunks. To resolve the point target/tree trunk ambiguity problem, a detailed study was conducted to evaluate the use of new detection features based on the complex frequency correlation function (FCF). This paper presents an analytical examination of FCF and its physical meaning, the results of a numerical simulation study conducted to evaluate the performance of a detection algorithm that uses FCF, and the corroboration of theory with experimental observations conducted at 35 and 95 GHz. The FCF-based detection algorithm was found to correctly identify tree trunks as such in over 90% of the cases, while exhibiting a false alarm rate of only 3%.     

Radar Cross Section of Ships

A laboratory method to determine the magnitude and position of radar reflection sources on complex targets is described. In addition the method provides a way to measure the modification of the radar cross section (RCS) due to multipath. The method has application in modeling RCS for radar and electronic countermeasure (ECM) system performance analysis and in the study of the extent to which the signature of the target could be altered. The equipment described, termed MACROSCOPE, was developed for RCS studies by the U.S. Army and is described in limited distribution bution literature. The application to marine targets is new with this paper, as is the technique of measuring the RCS of parts of the target and analytically combining them to represent the whole. An illustration of the need for this type of laboratory equipment was illustrated by the extensive search for full scale data which could be compared to scale model data to validate the technique.