Prefiltering: cascaded stages of decimation-by-two

A very efficient method of reducing the bandwidth of a sampled signal is presented. The method is implemented as a sequence of filtering and decimation stages, where the data rate is halved in each stage. Part of the efficiency is gained through the use of symmetrical linear-phase finite-duration impulse response filters, which have the added benefit that the operation is free of any phase distortion     

基于机匣测点信号的航空发动机滚动轴承故障诊断灵敏性分析

研究了基于机匣测点信号进行航空发动机滚动轴承故障诊断的灵敏性问题.首先利用两个带机匣的航空发动机转子试验器进行了冲击响应试验,比较了滚动轴承处冲击激励引起的轴承座测点响应和机匣测点响应的差别;然后利用这两个带机匣的转子试验器进行了滚动轴承故障模拟试验,详细对比分析了轴承座测点信号和机匣测点信号的时域波形、频谱和小波包络谱.结果表明:当滚动轴承和机匣的连接刚度较小时,故障滚动轴承的振动信号传递到机匣上时会产生很大的衰减,然而利用传统的基于小波包变换的包络解调方法仍然可以很好地诊断出外圈故障和内圈故障,对于滚动体故障的诊断效果略差.研究结果对于实际中基于机匣测点信号进行航空发动机滚动轴承故障诊断提供了试验依据.      

基于经验模态分解的航空器结构模态参数识别

介绍了一种基于经验模式分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）与粒子群优化算法相结合的飞机结构模态参数辨识方法。一个复杂的脉冲响应信号利用EMD方法使得耦合在一起的多阶模态响应信号分解为与各单阶模态响应信号一一对应的分量,得到前几阶主要的内禀模式函数（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）,再对分解得到的每一单阶IMF利用粒子群算法辨识得到各阶模态参数。试验仿真结果表明该方法有较高的计算精度,可应用于结构运行模态分析,为飞机等结构设计、运行检测提供有力保障。     

A New Sampling Procedure for the Synthesis of Linear Transversal Filters

In linear transversal filters for signal processing, the impulse response of the filter is syntheszed in a sampled form by means of a tapped delay line with weighted and summed taps. The synthesis procedure consists of sampling the specified impulse response at appropriate intervals and using the sample values as the tap weights. A nonuniform sampling procedure for the synthesis of the impulse response is introduced, which can produce results more conveniently than the classical Shannon sampling procedure because of the simplicity of the transversal filter implementation. According to the new procedure, in the time domain the samples are taken at points where the instantaneous phase of the impulse response is a multiple of ir radians. The spectral distribution which ensues in the frequency domain consists of a series of spectra all having the same fractional bandwidth. The transversal filters synthesized by this sampling criterion are referred to as phase-sampled impulse response (PSIR) filters. An important application of PSI R filters is to the generation and matched filtering of a large class of AM and FM waveforms.     

利用FIR滤波器生成随机振动试验驱动信号的新方法

 阐述了一种利用有限冲击响应(FIR) 滤波器生成随机振动试验驱动信号的新方法。该方法通过设计一个FIR 滤波器对白噪声序列进行滤波,使滤波器输出序列的功率谱密度满足试验驱动信号的要求。在随机振动试验控制中,将FIR 滤波器和试验的受控对象组成增广系统,这将有助于简化对控制系统的分析和设计。     

导弹制导控制系统半实物仿真系统的设计与实现

为了更有效地对导弹制导与控制技术进行研究,设计了一种以仿真技术和弹上计算机相结合的测试系统。通过仿真计算机输出相应的加速度脉冲给弹上计算机,弹上计算机输出反馈信号给仿真计算机,从而实现测试系统的闭环工作。该测试系统能同时考察弹上多种硬件设备及飞行控制程序的工作状态,对优化制导与控制方法有较大的帮助。     

基于冲击信号的滑动轴承摩擦故障监测方法

针对滑动轴承声发射（AE）信号干扰严重、故障信号难分离、轴承摩擦故障监测难的问题,从不同信号的激励源作用形式出发,根据冲击信号的工作脉冲特征,建立了分离相对容易的干扰信号与轴承摩擦故障的联系,提出一种基于干扰信号监测滑动轴承故障的方法。首先,依靠K均值奇异值分解（K SVD）字典对冲击特征的捕捉能力,确定冲击脉冲产生的时刻；为了锐化和增强冲击信号,通过Hilbert包络解调出冲击包络信号。其次,引入钟形脉冲参数,通过钟形脉冲拟合单个冲击包络信号,并进一步推导出冲击包络信号的强度简化计算公式,用于滑动轴承接触摩擦故障识别。最后通过实验模拟了滑动轴承切断供油后的轴瓦摩擦过程,与AE传统特征相比,所提特征更容易识别轴承的早期摩擦故障,能够完整描述轴承的摩擦的全过程,且计算效率更高,为滑动轴承接触摩擦故障诊断提供了一种新的途径。      

Optimal Detection of a Signala with Time-Varying Carrier Phase

The problem considered in this paper is the detection of a signal known except for time-varying carrier phase in white Gaussian noise. The method of attacking this problem is to model the time-varying carrier phase as a Markov process. Fourier transform techniques are then applies to yield a simple time-wise adaptive form for the phasetracking detector. Optimal accounting for the time variations in phase is accomplished via a simple algorithm which serves to update the detector memory. Furthermore, it is shown that this memory updating operation is a discrete linear filter whose impulse response is a simple function of the previous memory state and the Markov transitional statistics on the phase. A priori knowledge regarding the phase is summarized in the initial impulse response of the updating filter.     

脉冲风洞一体化飞行器测力精度分析

为评估脉冲风洞一体化飞行器的测力精度,根据脉冲风洞测力系统特点,对其进行简化,建立其动力学方程,并获得其动态脉冲响应衰减函数;分析测力系统输出信号变化规律,对其进行傅里叶变换,获得系统振动主频,并运用神经网络、梯度下降法对天平信号进行准确拟合,预测了测力信号的趋势值;对多次试验结果进行了信号拟合和趋势预测,获得了天平测力的精度。结果表明:该方法能够准确预测天平稳定输出结果,且当天平输出信号达到4个周期时,测力精度能够达到97%以上。      

Analysis and parametric synthesis of the air ion counter measurement channel with impulse signal pickup from the aspiration chamber

The measurement channel of the air ion counter with impulse signal pickup from the aspiration chamber is considered. Peculiarities of its functional parts operation are analyzed and restrictions imposed on their parameters are stated. A technique is proposed and a set of equations that allows determining design parameters of the functional counter parts is presented.     

Ultra-wideband impulse radar-an overview of the principles

Over the past decade, extensive research work has been carried out to develop the ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for radar applications, and to resolve the practical challenges in implementing an efficient UWB radar system. In this paper, we present an overview of the basic principles of UWB impulse radar. The focus is on the principles of UWB signal generation, impulse radiation, waveform design, pulse compression, range-velocity resolution (ambiguity function), array beamforming, and radar-target signature     

基于稀疏表示和近似(e)0范数约束的宽带信号DOA估计

针对宽带信号的波达方向(DOA)估计问题,在稀疏框架下提出一种近似(e)0范数约束的宽带信号DOA估计新算法.首先对宽带信号进行预处理,得到同一参考频率点下的接收数据,然后对其协方差矩阵元素进行加和平均运算,得到一个低维的观测向量,并在稀疏框架下进行稀疏表示,最后利用截断(e)1函数设定权值,构造逼近(e)0范数约束的稀疏重构方法,进而重构信号,获得宽带信号的DOA估计.仿真结果表明,相比于传统的宽带信号DOA估计算法,所提算法具有更高的分辨率和估计精度.     

Resolution of signal sources via spectral moment estimation

In different practical situations it is desired to estimate the number of signal sources and their positions in space or in frequency domain. The first problem is known as the detection or the order estimation and the second one as the resolution. For the resolution problem techniques such as nonlinear least squares (NLSM), high-order Yule-Walker method (HOYW), multiple signal classification (MUSIC), Pisarenko harmonic retrieval method, min-norm method, estimation of signal parameters by rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT), were proposed (Marple, 1987 and Stoica and Moses, 1997). All these high-resolution methods are based on the analysis of the signal covariance matrix. But the covariance matrix is not the only choice to represent the signal spectrum. In different applications (weather radars, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) signal processing, ultrasound imaging in medicine, atmospheric turbulence measurements) the signal spectrum can be modeled through its algebraic moments. Recently a number of efficient nonparametric methods have been proposed to estimate the algebraic spectral moments (Monakov, 1999). The presented paper is an attempt to solve the direction of arrival (DOA) problem via estimation of the algebraic spectral moments. A method proposed in the article is comparable in its accuracy with the MUSIC method. At the same time its computational burden is much lower. The method permits to estimate the signal power of sources easily to complete the full spectral line analysis. Additionally the method shows good robustness in situations when signal sources have noticeable spatial extend     

Numerical optimization method for array signal processing

This paper presents a novel and efficient extrema-mapping algorithm, which we call the roller-coaster algorithm. Two versions of the algorithm, the one-dimensional (1-D) and the two-dimensional (2-D) roller-coaster, are developed. Its applicability to array signal processing is demonstrated. We use it to solve a multiple source direction finding problem using multiple signal classification (MUSIC), beamformer, and minimum variance methods, and for antenna array design. The algorithm is based on heuristic assumptions and its properties are not proved. Yet, its performance was tested in many simulated experiments, yielding favorable results     

低通滤波器的阶跃响应及其对动态校准的影响

动态测试系统在利用阶跃信号进行动态校准时,系统中的低通滤波器环节所产生的衰减振荡可能会误导测试人员,特别是对于带传压管道的动态压力测试系统。仿真与测试结果表明,各种模拟低通滤波器和IIR数字低通滤波器的阶跃响应都会出现一定的衰减振荡。针对带低通滤波器的系统以及其他系统的阶跃激励校准,通过对简单FFT频响分析方法、矩形单脉冲法、冲激响应法三种方法的比较,发现矩形单脉冲法能更正确地对阶跃校准数据进行频响分析。     

High resolution channel sounder with narrowband low interference characteristics

Channel impulse response (CIR) measurements typically require the transmission of high power wideband probing signals to characterise channels. These signals are potentially harmful to users of the spectrum under assessment This paper presents a method of high resolution channel sounding causing only low levels of wideband interference and details a measurement system developed to characterise the band currently used for global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), where high levels of probing signal would have safety of life implications.     

一种民用飞机驾驶杆高频抖动的抑制方法

针对民用飞机自动飞行过程中驾驶杆/盘存在较高频率抖动现象,提出一种基于小波理论和有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器的信号综合处理方法,以抑制驾驶杆/盘的高频抖动.首先分析了驾驶杆高频抖动形成机制及其影响,然后采用Matlab小波分析工具箱对自动飞行系统内环控制律的输入信号进行分析,通过多级分解确定信号中不同的频率成分;最后设...     

DOA and polarization estimation via signal reconstruction with linear polarization-sensitive arrays

This paper addresses the problem of direction-of-arrival(DOA) and polarization estimation with polarization sensitive arrays(PSA), which has been a hot topic in the area of array signal processing during the past two or three decades. The sparse Bayesian learning(SBL) technique is introduced to exploit the sparsity of the incident signals in space to solve this problem and a new method is proposed by reconstructing the signals from the array outputs first and then exploiting the reconstructed signals to realize parameter estimation. Only 1-D searching and numerical calculations are contained in the proposed method, which makes the proposed method computationally much efficient. Based on a linear array consisting of identically structured sensors, the proposed method can be used with slight modifications in PSA with different polarization structures. It also performs well in the presence of coherent signals or signals with different degrees of polarization. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the parameter estimation precision of the proposed method.     

Precise navigation using adaptive FIR filtering and time domainspectral estimation

This paper introduces a new low cost, short range, positioning system based on adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) filtering and time domain spectral estimation. The system can determine absolute positions with a high degree of accuracy and is well suited for real time navigation. The approach is based upon signal processing techniques and a priori knowledge of the system transfer function. The first step is to measure the phase response of the linear transfer function and then using a FIR filter the time response of the system can be determined. The FIR filter computes the time response by performing a deconvolution between the measured phase response, and the complex conjugate of the transfer function. By correlating the known input impulse response with the output of the FIR filter, an error term is generated. The time delay of the system is determined by adjusting the FIR filter coefficients to minimize the error term. Simulated analysis of the system indicates a worst case error of ±16 cm     

Real-time translational control of a MEMS comb resonator

Closed-loop control has been successfully applied to a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) lateral comb resonator device in real-time to perform impulse disturbance damping and sinusoidal position control, enabled by the use of a through-wafer optical microprobe to obtain position feedback. This result leverages the application of lifetime, in-situ control of MEMS in order to provide quality assurance of microsystems in safety critical applications. A position feedback signal produced by a through-wafer optical microprobe has been used for comb resonator system model identification by two independent methods to accurately determine the effective mass, damping, and spring constant values of the device. After accurate determination of system parameters, closed-loop impulse disturbance damping and proportional-integral-differential (PID) translational control were applied. Closed-loop control results presented indicate controllability of such microstructures and response times on the order of the natural frequency of the device.