航空发动机控制系统传感器FDIA系统仿真

基于卡尔曼滤波器组,建立了航空发动机控制系统传感器故障诊断系统,实现了对单个传感器故障的检测、隔离与重构(FDIA),确保了发动机控制系统即使在传感器故障发生的情况下,依然能安全可靠地工作.同时利用Simulink建立一个通用的发动机传感器故障诊断仿真平台,在此仿真平台上,对故障的诊断进行仿真验证,并分析了测量噪声对故障诊断系统性能的影响,为发动机在线传感器故障诊断系统的实现提供理论依据.      

基于人工免疫网络模型的航空发动机传感器故障诊断

提出了一种用于传感器故障诊断的免疫网络,对其结构和特点进行了分析,给出了相应的诊断算法。对传感器典型故障进行了故障诊断仿真,分析了免疫网络能检测出的最小故障偏差水平以及在不同噪声水平下的故障诊断效果。仿真结果表明,所研究的方法能有效检测到故障传感器,并具有良好的灵敏性及抗噪声干扰能力。     

基于SVR的X型发动机传感器故障诊断研究

利用基于回归型支持向量机(SVR)的诊断方法,设计了某型涡扇发动机传感器常见故障诊断系统,实现了传感器故障隔离与信号重构.通过发动机试车数据对SVR进行训练,以传感器的偏置故障、冲击故障和漂移故障为例,用MATLAB语言进行了计算机仿真验证.结果表明:基于SVR的传感器故障诊断具有精确度高,实时性强的特点,是一种很好的传感器故障诊断方法.      

基于不确定传感器状态的机载系统多层故障诊断方法

准确的机载系统故障诊断是保证飞机安全飞行和实现经济效益最大化的重要途径。然而传感器受到内外部环境条件的影响而不可避免的存在检测状态的不确定性,因此基于单个传感器或局部区域传感器综合检测结果的方法难以完全保证故障诊断的有效性和正确性。针对飞机机载系统的结构和工作原理,充分利用系统中不同层级、不同区域传感器检测特征之间的关联关系,考虑单个传感器本身存在的不确定性,构建了传感器信息前向融合与反向校验相结合的分层诊断决策方法,实现了对系统状态和传感器状态的双重估计与更新,克服了单一传感器故障对系统诊断推理准确度的影响。该方法较传统故障诊断模型,不再依赖某一个或某一类传感器信息的绝对可靠,在实现系统级的准确故障诊断同时,还能判断具体某一传感器本身是否发生虚拟警。在飞机液压系统故障诊断案例中,新方法成功将系统故障诊断的虚警率降低了96%,传感器的不确定度降低了84%。     

某型涡扇发动机控制系统传感器故障诊断研究

研究利用卡尔曼滤波器及多重故障假设检验方法来检测某发动机控制系统传感器硬、软故障,并实现故障传感器的输出重构。给出了传感器故障诊断原理及算法,针对传感器常见典型故障进行了故障诊断过程仿真。仿真结果表明,所研究的方法能及时、有效的检测到故障传感器,并对其进行隔离和重构,没有发生误报和漏报现象。      

基于低冗余度的传感器故障诊断研究

对于大型飞机来说,飞行控制系统各部件(包括传感器)多采用高余度的硬件配置来提高系统的任务可靠性,但对小型飞机来说,由于受重量、空间及费用等原因的影响,一些传感器不适合安装三余度或四余度传感器。对于二余度或单传感器来说,如何鉴别故障传感器或判断传感器是否发生故障较为困难。同样,传统的故障诊断与隔离方法并不能隔离三余度传感器系统中的多个故障。为了解决低冗余度传感器故障诊断问题,提出一种不依赖数学模型的奇偶方程方法与小波分析相结合的传感器故障诊断方法。     

基于LS-SVM的飞控系统传感器故障诊断

针对飞控系统故障诊断难的问题,利用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)设计了一个飞控系统传感器的故障诊断系统.仿真试验结果表明,LS-SVM具有很高的建模精度和较强的泛化能力,基于LS-SVM的故障诊断系统能对各型传感器的故障进行诊断和定位,验证了该方法的有效性和先进性.     

发动机数控系统诊断技术的发展

综述发动机数控系统传感器的故障诊断尤其是软故障诊断技术的发展。首先介绍了传感器故障检测与分离技术的初期研究工作,论述了鲁棒故障诊断的必要性及发展。最后介绍了基于人工神经网络的故障诊断方法。      

涡扇发动机传感器故障诊断的快速原型实时仿真

为快速高效地完成涡扇发动机传感器故障诊断算法的硬件在环仿真试验,构建了以NI CompactRIO为核心的传感器故障诊断系统的快速原型实时仿真平台.基于一簇卡尔曼滤波器,在LabVIEW编程环境中建立了传感器故障诊断系统.分别在涡扇发动机模型稳态和动态工作时完成了对单个传感器故障的检测、隔离和重构的硬件在环仿真试验并验证了算法精度.经过大量试验,结果表明:基于卡尔曼滤波器理论的诊断算法能在传感器故障情况下确保控制系统安全运行,诊断精度最高可达1.4%;同时表明,该快速原型实时仿真平台的设计是成功的.研究工作为发动机传感器故障诊断系统的半物理仿真试验奠定了基础.      

广义回归神经网络在冗余捷联惯导故障诊断中的应用研究

针对冗余捷联惯导的故障诊断问题，研究提出了一种基于广义回归神经网络的故障诊断方法。该方法在传感器输出数学模型未知的情况下，仅通过传感器之间的冗余关系，利用传感器正常工作时的测量值和改进的神经网络估计输出值生成残差进行故障诊断。仿真试验表明，利用神经网络补偿产生的残差可以检测到未补偿时的故障。该方法不仅可以检测到单故障，还对多传感器同时发生故障具有一定的检测能力。     

Sequential localization of a radiating source by Doppler-shiftedfrequency measurements

For a single omnidirectional sensor in contact with a constant velocity source that radiates a constant frequency tone, the measurements of the Doppler-shifted frequencies over time do not provide sufficient information to localize the source. Instead, only the parameters of source rest frequency, speed, and range relative to a sensor can be determined. However, if over time three or more sensors sequentially come in contact with the source, the source trajectory can then be specified. This is termed sequential localization. A two-dimensional grid search technique to find the Doppler parameters from measurements taken by a single sensor alone is presented. From these parameters, it is next shown how sequential localization is accomplished. Two simulation examples are provided to verify the development. The localization root mean squared errors (RMSEs) are found to be very close to the Cramer-Rao bound     

ICP加速度传感器恒定电流对其灵敏度的影响

在振动与冲击测试中,ICP加速度传感器应用较为广泛,而传感器灵敏度是其最基本的指标之一。实际使用时,ICP加速度传感器通常都会配有信号调节仪,该调节仪为ICP加速度传感器提供恒定电流,不同的信号调节仪所提供的恒定电流也会有所不同。在不同恒定电流情况下,传感器灵敏度是否随之变化,如何变化？针对这一问题我们展开讨论。     

大时间常数传感器模型的在线辨识与补偿

温度传感器具有较大的时间常数，因而为温度的实时控制带来了极大的不便。本文针对具有较大时间常数铠装温度传感器的上述特点，提出了传感器模型的在线辨识，进而给出对大时间常数传感器进行在线补偿的方法。该方法适用于大时间常数的非温度传感器。     

A Polynomial Prediction Filter Method for Estimating Multisensor Dynamically Varying Biases

The estimation of the sensor measurement biases in a multisensor system is vital for the sensor data fusion. A solution is provided for the estimation of dynamically varying multiple sensor biases without any knowledge of the dynamic bias model pa- rameters. It is shown that the sensor bias pseudomeasurement can be dynamically obtained via a parity vector. This is accom- plished by multiplying the sensor uncalibrated measurement equations by a projection matrix so that the measured variable is eliminated from the equations. Once the state equations of the dynamically varying sensor biases are modeled by a polynomial prediction filter, the dynamically varying multisensor biases can be obtained by Kalman filter. Simulation results validate that the proposed method can estimate the constant biases and dynamic biases of multisensors and outperforms the methods reported in literature.     

航空电瓶温度传感器校验仪的研制

提出了将半导体制冷制热技术用于航空电瓶温度传感器校验的新设想。采用单片机技术并通过运用模糊-PID控制方法实现校验过程中的恒温控制。实验结果表明,该校验仪能够全自动地检测出电瓶温度传感器在各恒温点的动作情况,并且具有较高的温度检测精度和稳定性。     

变介电常数电容传感器的原理及应用

变介电常数电容传感器是飞机燃油测量系统的重要部件,用于感受飞机燃油箱的燃油量。根据电容器两极板间的电介质变化,引起传感器电容量变化,电容信号经过C-V变换电路转换为直流电压信号,数字化后输入微处理器计算后,送飞机终端显示系统显示油量信息。介绍了变介电常数电容传感器的原理和应用。     

Radar Measurement Noise Variance Estimation with Several Targets of Opportunity

A number of methods exist to track a target's uncertain motion through space using inherently inaccurate sensor measurements. A powerful method of adaptive estimation is the interacting multiple model (IMM) estimator. In order to carry out state estimation from the noisy measurements of a sensor, however, the filter should have knowledge of the statistical characteristics of the noise associated with that sensor. The statistical characteristics (accuracies) of real sensors, however, are not always available, in particular for legacy sensors. A method is presented of determining the measurement noise variances of a sensor, assumed to be constant, by using multiple IMM estimators while tracking targets whose motion is not known---targets of opportunity. Combining techniques outlined in [2] and [6], the likelihood functions are obtained for a number of IMM estimators, each with different assumptions on the measurement noise variances. Then a search is carried out over a varying grid of IMMs to bracket the variances of the sensor measurement noises. The end result consists of estimates of the measurement noise variances of the sensor in question.     

Adaptive Correlation Regions for Alpha-Beta Tracking Filters

The design of correlation regions for track-while-scan systems is examined, assuming the requirement to maintain a constant probability of successful correlation. Starting with the assumption of independent and Gaussian-distributed range and azimuth errors in the sensor and assuming a constant-coefficient isotropic ?-? tracking filter, it is shown how the correlation region design must include such factors as sensor errors, timing jitter, tracking errors, and the asynchronous operation of the tracking function with respect to the sensor measurements. For a maneuvering target, it is shown that the size of the correlation region must be equal to the sum of the radius used for the straight-line case plus the magnitude of any tracking bias which results from deviation from the straight-line trajectory assumed in the tracking filter. An upper bound is derived for the magnitude of the bias which could reasonably be expected in typical maneuvers. By specifying the size of the correlation region on a constant probability basis, it is possible to obtain better discrimination against false targets and improved detection of maneuvers by sensing the development of tracking biases.     

Multisensor resource deployment using posterior Cramer-Rao bounds

The development of a general framework for the systematic management of multiple sensors in target tracking in the presence of clutter is described. The basis of the technique is to quantify, and subsequently control, the accuracy of target state estimation. The posterior Cramer-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) provides the means of achieving this aim by enabling us to determine a bound on the performance of all unbiased estimators of the unknown target state. The general approach is then to use optimization techniques to control the measurement process in order to achieve accurate target state estimation. We are concerned primarily with the deployment and utilization of limited sensor resources. We also allow for measurement origin uncertainty, with sensor measurements either target-generated or false alarms. An example in which the aim is to track a submarine by deploying a series of constant false-alarm rate passive sonobuoys is presented. We show that by making some standard assumptions, the effect of the measurement origin uncertainty can be expressed as a state-dependent information reduction factor which can be calculated off-line. This enables the Fisher information matrix (FIM) to be calculated quickly, allowing Cramer-Rao bounds to be utilized for real-time, dynamic sensor management. The sensor management framework is shown to determine deployment strategies that enable the target to be accurately localized, and at the same time efficiently utilize the limited sensor resources.     

Adaptive cell-averaging CFAR detection in distributed sensornetworks

The problem of adaptive cell-averaging constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) detection is considered for two distributed sensor network topologies, namely the parallel and the tandem topologies. The compressed data transmitted amongst the detectors is assumed to be in the form of decisions. The overall systems are optimized to yield the maximum probability of detection for a fixed probability of false alarm. The performance of the systems is also analyzed