基于易损面积分解的飞机多击中易损性评估的马尔可夫链法

 提出了一种适用于计算具有多组余度部件、部件之间任意重叠的飞机多击中易损性评估的马尔可夫链法。考虑到实际中飞机部件重叠广泛存在的特点，以基于概率的易损面积分解法为基础，通过确定飞机存在状态和计算状态转换矩阵，得出了通用的评估飞机易损性的计算方法。并对该方法编制了通用的计算机程序，进行了算例验证，结果与理论分析符合。实用中表明，所提出的方法通用性强，易于实现，解决了部件之间存在重叠情况的飞机多击中易损性精确计算问题。     

一种新的飞机等效单一易损面积计算方法

基于Monte-Carlo技术,提出了一种新的飞机等效单一易损面积计算方法.将飞机单一易损部件及多重易损部件(余度部件)的杀伤事件模拟成'放球入盒模型',每个盒子面积大小对应于每个部件的易损面积.通过对威胁的打击点进行随机均匀抽样来获得导致飞机杀伤的期望打击数目,从而可以计算飞机等效单一易损面积.算例验证了所提出方法的正确性与可行性.分析表明,该方法弥补了目前计算方法存在的两个主要缺陷:①它可以进行含有多组多重易损部件的飞机等效单一易损面积计算; ②当每组多重易损部件组中的部件具有不同易损面积时,该方法仍然适用.     

基于等效靶方法的飞机单击中易损性通用计算模型

飞机单击中易损性/生存力经常表示为飞机在给定一次威胁(例如碎片)随机打击条件下的杀伤概率及易损面积结果.将弹药威力评估领域中的"等效靶"方法引入到飞机易损性评估中,提出了一种飞机在弹丸或导弹碎片单次打击下的杀伤概率及易损面积的通用计算模型.为了更加反映真实情况,该模型考虑了一枚碎片(弹丸)连续穿透部件后运动状态变化的影响.应用表明,所提出的通用模型解决了易损性评估中Pk/h(部件给定打击下的杀伤概率)的计算问题,与其他通常采用的单击中模型相比更容易实现计算机化.     

军用飞机重叠关键部件二次杀伤易损性的研究

为减缩军用飞机的易损面积,有时会将关键部件的重叠布置作为其方法之一,但在考虑二次杀伤的情况下,重叠布置并不一定会减缩飞机的易损面积,为此分析对比了飞机重叠布置在考虑二次杀伤情况下和不采取重叠布置时易损面积的变化,得出了飞机在重叠布置下易损面积变化的通用计算公式和影响因素。     

基于产品结构和CATIA的作战飞机易损性建模方法

介绍了作战飞机易损性建模的基本步骤和主要建模方法,分析了不同易损性建模方法的优点和不足,在此基础上,提出了一种基于产品结构和CATIA的易损性建模方法,该方法采用CATIA软件直接构建飞机的外形和部件模型,通过产品结构树对部件进行组织和管理,并利用CATIA二次开发在CATIA环境中直接生成三维射击线,有效提高了易损性模型的精度和易损性分析中各项操作的效率,为进一步的易损性定量计算提供了基础。以捕食者无人机为例,建立了全机易损性模型,生成了全机射击线,验证了文章所提方法的有效性和模型的可用性。     

军用飞机易损性关键部件关键度研究

关键部件的分析是易损性数值量度的基础。使用"关键度"的概念,可以用来定量描述部件对军用飞机总体易损性的重要程度。根据部件被杀伤的指标特征可以构造部件的三个杀伤指标,并由此对燃油系统易损性关键部件的关键度进行定量计算,从而可以直观地得出燃油系统各个子系统对整体易损性的重要程度。这种方法不仅能够为军用飞机易损性评价提供原始数据,也可以辅助军用飞机易损性减缩设计并预测易损性减缩效果。     

空战效能评估中飞机易损性的引入和分析

空战效能评估中,对空空导弹的杀伤效果进行评价是很重要的一个环节.目前的评估模型只考虑了导弹特性和脱靶距离对杀伤效果的影响,而忽略了目标机本身的易损性.本文提出了一种考虑目标机易损性的杀伤效果模型,并讨论了飞机易损面积的变化对目标机被击毁概率的影响程度.通过分析得出,综合考虑导弹特性、脱靶距离和目标机易损性的空空导弹杀伤效果评估模型更加附合实际.     

飞机武器系统易损性评价中几何描述研究

提出了飞机易损性评价中应提供的几何数据，建立了各类几何及拓扑变换的数学模型，用此模型可计算易损性评价所需的各个标准方位的几何数据。     

翼身融合飞机参数化几何模型

本文研究翼身融合飞机的参数化几何模型生成的方法。翼身融合飞机各部件均视作翼面类部件,运用形状函数和分类函数变换方法描述飞机各个剖面翼型。用三次施密特曲线描述飞机沿展向的厚度变化与后缘曲线形状,用分段曲线描述复杂的前缘形状。翼梢小翼划分为过渡段与主段两部分分别描述,并通过变换矩阵计算主翼段关键参数坐标。应用CATIA二次开发技术实现参数化几何模型的自动生成。     

飞机在模拟混合破片威力场打击下的易损性计算

混合破片战斗部杀伤元运动机理复杂,计算飞机在其打击下的易损性较为困难。利用ANSYS/LSDYNA建立混合破片战斗部威力场模型,通过后处理软件LSPREPOST筛选出威力场稳定时刻破片的速度及飞散角大小等信息,得到模拟的混合破片战斗部飞散特性数据。建立某型飞机易损性计算模型,在四种不同破片战斗部威力场下,同时考虑冲击波超压毁伤、穿透毁伤、引燃毁伤和引爆毁伤四种杀伤模式,通过编写程序计算飞机的杀伤概率。计算结果表明:在战斗部尺寸相同时,混合破片双层战斗部对飞机的杀伤概率最高,为导弹战斗部设计提供一定的理论支持。     

A Direct Simulation Method for Calculating Multiple-hit Vulnerability of Aircraft with Overlapping Components

When components overlap, the aircraft multiple-hit vulnerability analysis usually consists of two steps. The first is to determine the aircraft unique existent states using vulnerable area decomposition method, and the second is to calculate the aircraft cumulated probability of kill using Markov chain method for exact solution or Monte Carlo method for solving the combinatorial explosion problem. This article proposes a direct simulation method for calculating the aircraft multiple-hit vulnerability in order to avoid the complex vulnerable area decomposition issue. In this method, random method is adopted to produce the multiple-hit locations and Bernoulli trial is used to determine the kill or no kill of each component hit by one shot line, and kill tree is checked to determine aircraft existent states during one simulation. When the number of times of simulation is large enough, the aircraft multiple-hit vulnerability can be statistically obtained. Analysis shows that the proposed direct simulation method can provide good accuracy compared with Markov chain method and avoid the combinatorial explosion problem, and does not need the complex vulnerable area decomposition and can directly calculate the aircraft multiple-hit vulnerability. Another important finding is the binomial or Poisson simplified approach is sometimes very poor in accuracy, and should be used cautiously.     

Study on Energy Law of Similitude for Laser Propulsion in Repetitively-pulsed Mode

Energy law of similitude for laser propulsion refers to the law that there is an optimum nozzle configuration for the largest value of impulse coupling coefficient at certain incident laser energy. A dimensionless factor combined with incident laser energy, nozzle configuration parameters and working gas parameters is introduced. Energy law of similitude is established by means of theoretical analysis, experimental study and numerical simulation of radiation gas-dynamics. The qualitative results obtained from theoretical analysis are verified by experimental and numerical results. Physical meaning and engineering application of dimensionless factor and energy law of similitude are analyzed. Results indicate that

impulse coupling coefficient has a maximum value with dimensionless factor of about 0.4;

impulse coupling coefficient is independent of incident laser energy when dimensionless factor is constant. Conclusions and recognitions acquired in this article can not only present optimum nozzle configurations for the present laser energy level, but also provide a good guide for the optimum nozzle configuration design once the laser energy is amplified to a high level.     

飞机作战生存力分析方法研究进展与挑战

军用飞机在执行作战任务过程中,常常会与武器系统遭遇,如何分析其生存能力从而进行改进设计一直是航空领域的研究难点。回顾了作战生存力研究的历史与现状,从敏感性计算和易损性计算两方面总结了生存力的定量分析方法,重点综述了基本信号探测敏感性模型、雷达对抗下的敏感性模型、红外对抗下的敏感性模型,以及部件间弹道遮挡关系确定、部件毁伤测度与判据、重叠及高维空间易损性计算、薄弱部位确定方法等方面取得的新进展。在此基础上,针对未来体系对抗与先进武器环境,提出了生存力研究需要关注和解决的问题,包括网络与信息战下的敏感性分析、敏感性对抗装置的效益代价与权衡设计、部件易损性毁伤机理与判据、先进武器及多因素耦合下的易损性分析以及大数据背景下的性能降级易损性研究等。     

突风对着陆飞机下滑飞行的安全性影响

突风会引起飞机过载和飞行状态的改变,威胁飞机飞行安全。在飞机六自由度运动学方程的基础上,根据下滑飞行中驾驶员操纵行为的特点建立了飞机驾驶员的数学模型,并考虑突风的影响,建立了“驾驶员-飞机-突风”闭环飞机的数学仿真模型。通过引入飞机飞行安全性的量化评估理论以及表征方法,并根据飞机的飞行状态对飞机的安全性进行量化分析。选取某型飞机着陆下滑过程中进入突风风场的飞行状态进行仿真研究,结果表明风会改变飞机的气动角和空速,导致飞机的过载及飞行轨迹发生变化,尤其在飞机飞行高度较低时,风扰引起的大 但目前的研究主要集中在以阵风减缓设计为目的的 迎角姿态和飞机飞行轨迹变化将威胁飞机的飞行安全。     

A strategy for investigation of the outer solar system

The requirements of systematic exploration of the outer solar system have been intensively studied by a Science Advisory Group (SAG) of consulting scientists for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Comets and Asteroids were excluded from this study, as a separate group is planning missions to these bodies. This paper and accompanying articles on specific related scientific subjects written by members of the SAG, summarize the findings and recommendations of this group. These recommendations should not be interpreted as official NASA policy. Following some general introductory remarks, a brief sketch is given of the development and current status of scientific missions to the inner planets by the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. With this perspective, the development of the U.S. program for investigation of the outer solar system is described. The scientific focus of outer solar system exploration has been studied in detail. The relationship of the outer planetary bodies to one another and to the inner planets, as parts in a unified solar system evolved from a primitive solar nebula, is emphasized. Deductions from outer solar system investigations regarding the conditions of the solar nebula at the time of planetary formation have been considered. Investigations have been proposed that are relevant to studies of the atmospheric structure and dynamics, internal structure of the planets, satellite composition and morphology, and planetary and interplanetary fields and energetic particles. The mission type and sequence required to conduct a systematic exploration of the outer solar system has been developed. Technological rationales for the suggested missions are discussed in general terms. The existing NASA program for outer solar system exploration is comprised of four missions:

1. Pioneer 10 fly-by mission to Jupiter and beyond, currently underway, with launch on 3 March 1972;
2. Pioneer G, intended for a similar mission with planned launch 2–22 April 1973; and
3. Two Mariner Jupiter/Saturn fly-bys in 1977, with experiment selection scheduled for late 1972 and detailed engineering design during 1972–74.

The Science Advisory Group advocates that detailed mission planning be undertaken on the following additional missions for launches during the late 1970's and early 1980's. Together with existing plans, these would provide a balanced, effective exploration program.

1. 1976 Pioneer Jupiter/Out-of-Ecliptic (One Mission)
2. 1979 Mariner Jupiter/Uranus Fly-bys (Two Missions)
3. 1979 Pioneer Entry Probe to Saturn 1980 Pioneer Entry Probe to Uranus via Saturn Fly-by (Three Missions)
4. 1981/1982 Mariner Jupiter Orbiter (Two Missions).

     

On the optical variability of a be star,HDE 245770, — the optical counterpart of the transient X-ray pulsar A0535+26

Photoelectric WBVR observations of Be star HDE 245770=V 725 Tau, the optical counterpart of the transient X-ray pulsar A0535+26, having a pulse period of about 104 s, were conducted for more than 10 years. An irregular long-term optical variability of the star with amplitudes of the order of a few tenths of magnitude was found to be a usual phenomenon. In some cases rapid changes of the star's optical luminosity with a characteristic period of a few tens of minutes or a few hours, and an amplitude of several hundredths of magnitude in all the spectral bands used, which have practically coincided or correlated with the X-ray pulsar outbursts detected by X-ray satellites, were observed.Photoelectric recording of the optical flux from HDE 245770 were made in 1981–1982 with a time resolution of 1 second and 10 s, respectively, in theR spectral band (₀ 7000 Å) and in the narrowH -emission-line band (_1/2 75 Å) using a 48-cm reflector of High-Mountain Tien-Shan observatory of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute near Alma-Ata. An analysis of autocorrelation functions of the flux changes from object under study and a comparison with the star BD+26° 876 indicated the variability of luminosity of V 725 Tau in theR spectral band on a time scale of a few tens of second; this variability resembles shot noise with a characteristic time of stochastic bursts of about 15–20 s and their amplitudes of about a few tenths of a percent. InH -emission-line radiation autocorrelation functions and power spectra show quasiperiodic variability of luminosity of HDE 245770 with a characteristic period of about 100–150 s and an amplitude in the neighbour-hood of 0.5%. The latter result is not quite reliable because of not quite fine weather conditions during the observations; independent observations and check-up are required.