环形射流初始压力对激波聚焦起爆的影响分析

为了研究射流入射压力对环形激波聚焦爆震起爆的影响,以氢气和空气混合物为例,对不同射流入射压力下环形激波聚焦爆震起爆过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,当环形射流入射强度足够大时,其形成的激波聚焦能够形成高温、高压区域,从而直接起爆爆震波;爆震管推力壁对激波具有反射加强作用,有助于爆震波的形成;环形射流入射压力存在一个临界值,低于此值时,则不能起爆爆震波.     

一种组合动力装置爆震点火的三维数值模拟

为在组合动力中寻求一种可靠、高频的爆震起爆方法,对超声速环形向心射流产生的激波在抛物形凹面腔内形成激波会聚,并起爆爆震的过程进行了三维的数值模拟。分析了环形向心射流的发展、前导激波的碰撞、激波会聚起爆爆震波及爆震波传播过程的流场变化情况。研究发现:除了激波的强度和混合气的性质这两个关键影响因素以外,在一定条件下,几何条件对能否起爆爆震有非常重要的影响。前导激波的碰撞和激波会聚产生的压力升高要远高于温度升高。激波在凹面腔内会聚形成的高能区域能直接起爆过驱动爆震波,起爆后过驱动爆震波迅速衰退成CJ爆震波。爆震波平均波速为1929.8m/s,波后压力为1.5MPa,温度为3400K。     

凹面腔内激波聚焦起爆爆震波过程的数值模拟

运用CFD方法和基元反应机理对环形向心射流产生的激波在凹面腔内的反射聚焦起爆爆震波过程进行了数值模拟,并根据流场分布及变化情况分析了激波聚焦及其在H2-Air混合物中起爆爆震波的全过程。对于本文建立的模型,起爆点在抛物形壁面的底部顶点处,聚焦起爆爆震波后的瞬间压力达到21.3MPa,温度达到4540K。爆震波在凹面腔内向开口端传播过程中仍会出现两次聚焦,压力达到约18MPa,温度达到4000K左右。研究结果表明:利用环形向心射流产生的激波在凹面腔内聚焦可以成功直接起爆爆震波,是一种有效的爆震直接起爆方法。     

超声速预混气扩张流道热射流起爆研究

为深入理解超声速预混气射流起爆过程机理,采用块结构自适应网格加密程序AMROC,在并行计算系统中模拟单边扩张流道中H2/Air超声速预混气在持续热射流作用下的爆震起爆过程。结果表明,5.4°扩张流道上方的4mm宽度热射流在140μs时间内成功起爆了超声速预混可燃气;形成的爆震波前传速度为55.9m/s,过驱度只有1.059,接近为CJ状态的爆震波;扩张壁面使得射流诱导形成的弓形激波出现分离激波,分离激波与弓形激波相交导致弓形激波波后温度的升高,从而加速了爆震波面的形成;在扩张壁面的作用下,射流起爆的爆震波面更接近于CJ爆震波面。     

圆盘结构下旋转爆震波的不稳定传播特性

为研究圆盘结构下旋转爆震波的不稳定传播特性,以2H2+O2+3.76N2为反应混合物,开展该结构下的二维数值研究。详细分析了旋转爆震波不稳定传播模态的流场特征,以及爆震波参数、出口流场参数和增压比的变化。结果表明,不稳定传播模态下,旋转爆震波重复进行"解耦—再起爆"过程,内圆扩张曲面的发散作用,使出口附近的爆震波首先解耦,解耦区域逐渐往流场内部扩张;反射激波与前导激波的碰撞产生局部热点,促使爆震波重新起爆;爆震波的压力、温度以及传播速度皆随爆震波的解耦及再起爆过程发生变化;旋转爆震波的不稳定传播对出口速度分量及马赫数的影响很小;出口增压比受不稳定传播的影响较大,随时间呈周期性变化,变化幅值较高且不稳定。出口增压比的循环周期与爆震波"解耦—再起爆"的周期一致,稳定后两者的循环频率约为21.6kHz。     

激波绕射触发爆震波的试验研究

在单爆震试验平台上对激波绕射触发爆震波的特性进行了试验研究.针对不同的激波反射器结构尺寸,测量了爆震管内气体压力变化历程及火焰传播速度,获得了不同工况下激波绕射触发爆震波的特性.结果表明:激波反射器对爆震波的形成有促进作用,并取决于反射器中的反射锥及反射孔板的结构与尺寸;在反射锥堵塞比一定的情况下,存在最佳反射锥锥角使得爆震波的形成距离最小;而反射锥与反射孔板的间距增大,爆震波形成距离增大,一旦形成稳定的爆震波后,反射器对爆震波压力的影响不大.     

基于自适应网格加密的超声速可燃气热射流起爆详细反应数值模拟

采用块结构自适应网格加密开源程序AMROC,在高性能计算集群中,进行氢气、氧气、氮气详细反应机理的二维超声速热射流爆震起爆自适应网格精细数值模拟,研究在热射流的持续喷射作用下超声速可燃气热射流爆震起爆,以及形成的精细的爆震胞格结构.结果表明:超声速可燃气流中热射流类似气动斜劈,形成局部激波诱导燃烧.超声速可燃气中持续的热射流喷射会形成过驱爆震,并导致不规则爆震胞格的生成.热射流的扰动压缩作用对过驱爆震的形成以及不规则爆震胞格的产起着关键的作用.热射流的扰动压缩波以当地声速通过爆震波后的亚声速区域作用于爆震波,使爆震波处于持续过驱状态,并形成不规则的爆震胞格结构.     

射流宽度对激波会聚起爆的影响分析

为了研究射流入射喷口宽度对环形激波聚焦爆震起爆的影响,以氢气和空气混合物为例,对不同射流入射喷口宽度的环形激波聚焦爆震起爆过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,当入射射流的温度为一定值时,不同宽度的环形射流入射喷口对应着不同入射压力Pin的临界值,当Pin大于该临界值时,其形成的激波聚焦才能够形成高温、高压区域,从而起爆爆震波;随着入射喷口宽度的增加,射流的入射强度增大,其对应的临界入射压力随之增大。     

入射喷口宽度对环形射流激波聚焦起爆爆震的影响分析

为了研究射流入射喷口宽度对环形激波聚焦爆震起爆的影响,本文以氢气和空气混合物为例,对不同射流入射喷口宽度的环形激波聚焦爆震起爆过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明,当入射温度为一定值时,不同宽度的环形射流入射喷口对应着不同入射压力pin的临界值,当pin大于该临界值时,其形成的激波聚焦才能够形成高温、高压区域,从而起爆爆震波;随着入射喷口宽度的增加,射流的入射强度增大,其对应的临界入射压力随之减小。     

脉冲爆震发动机快起爆的二维数值模拟

为研究脉冲爆震发动机的点火过程，用二维欧拉方程和Korobeinikov两步爆震模型对爆震波快起爆过程进行了数值模拟研究。用高温高压未燃气体点火方式来模拟试验中的电火花塞点火。研究表明：电火花塞的能量不足以直接点燃爆震波，爆震波是在经历了一系列反射激波的相互作用后最终建立的。激波．爆震波转捩是快点火过程，是爆震波建立的一个非常重要的机理。在设计点火装置时，火花塞要尽可能靠近壁面和拐角，以便产生高强度的反射激波。同时还要控制反射激波的方向，使之向未燃气体中顺利传播，才能起到很好的点火效果。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows (Reφup to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the (non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity Vφ/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation Vφ/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.