单向C/SiC复合材料热残余应力数值模拟研究

连续纤维增韧陶瓷基复合材料制备过程中因纤维与基体线胀系数失配会产生热残余应力,从而导致纤维脱粘、基体开裂等现象,严重影响复合材料力学性能。本文针对CVI工艺制备的单向C/SiC复合材料,建立"纤维-界面-基体"单胞物理模型,基于细观力学分析方法对热残余应力分布规律进行预测,采用ABAQUS对材料制备过程进行数值模拟,揭示了界面厚度、纤维体积分数、制备温度等参数对纤维、基体热残余应力分布的影响规律,分析了热残余应力对复合材料力学性能的影响。研究结果能够为C/SiC复合材料的设计、分析及微纳力学性能试验提供理论支持。     

短纤维增强复合材料纤维和界面层残余热应力分析

基于应力传递的剪滞理论，详细分析推导了纤维中的残余热正应力和界面层中的剪应力解析公式，并与已有的理论公式进行了比较。同时分析了纤维与基体脱粘的原因及热残余应力主要影响因素，主要包括：纤维和界面层材料的弹性模量，界面层的厚度以及纤维的长径比等。通过分析得出：纤维中的压应力和界面层中的剪应力都随着界面层的厚度及其弹性模量的增大而增大；纤维长径比的大小对纤维中的压应力和界面层中的剪应力大小及分布的影响很小。     

Mechanical behavior and properties of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites for high temperature use

Ceramics can keep their mechanical characteristics up to 2 000℃ or higher.In this paper,A model to predict ultimate strength of continuous fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composites is developed.A statistical theory for the strength of a uni-axially fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composite is presented.Also a semi-empirical frictional heating method for estimating in-situ interfacial shear in fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites was improved.Local uneven fiber packing variation as well as uneven micro-damage during fatigue can be expected to have effects on the composites:generation of frictional heating,thermal gradients,and residual stresses around local fiber breaks.This study examined those engineering interests by the finite element method.      

Triple-deck theory of supersonic laminar viscous–inviscid interaction due to wall temperature jumps

The short-ranged local viscous–inviscid interaction field generated by a wall temperature jump on a flat plate in supersonic flow is studied in detail with an analytical triple-deck model. Treatment of the rapid heat transfer changes both upstream and downstream of the jump is included. Closed-form relationships for the pressure and heating variations, including upstream influence, are derived from triple-deck theory and are found to be in good agreement with numerical solutions of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. Such relationships not only clarify the interactive physics involved, but also are useful in preliminary design of thermal protection systems and as an insertable module to improve computational fluid dynamics code efficiency when applied to such small-scale interaction problems.     

Estimation of Transverse Thermal Conductivity of Doubly-periodic Fiber Reinforced Composites

For steady-state heat conduction, a new variational functional for a unit cell of composites with periodic microstructures is constructed by considering the quasi-periodicity of the temperature field and in the periodicity of the heat flux fields. Then by combining with the eigenfunction expansion of complex potential which satisfies the fiber-matrix interface conditions, an eigenfunction expansion-variational method(EEVM) based on a unit cell is developed. The effective transverse thermal conductivities of doubly-periodic fiber reinforced composites are calculated, and the first-order approximation formula for the square and hexagonal arrays is presented, which is convenient for engineering application. The numerical results show a good convergency of the presented method, even though the fiber volume fraction is relatively high. Comparisons with the existing analytical and experimental results are made to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of the first-order approximation formula for the hexagonal array.     

复合材料热胀系数影响因素分析

文摘为了分析复合材料热胀系数的影响因素,对复合材料热胀系数设计起到指导意义,通过理论分析方法对纤维树脂体系、铺层顺序、铺层角度偏差、纤维体积分数等复合材料热胀系数影响因素做了相应研究。结论表明:同种基体不同纤维,其热胀性能表现出较大的差异;不同基体对同一种纤维热胀系数有较大的影响;0°铺层在管的外层会有助于降低轴向热胀系数,同时也会对径向热胀系数的增大有一定贡献;铺层角在30°~60°时,由于角度偏差带来的热胀系数偏差较大。复合材料管件的轴向热胀系数与纤维体积分数之间呈现出高度的非线性与非单调性,径向的热胀系数呈现出单调的降低现象。     

热应力检测中的温升计算

为了消除样本周期对实时计算的局限,采用了样本区间步进的方式,确保样本间隔最短（一个采样本间）。新样本将包含前一样本的部分数据,并采用线性回归平滑数据克服非线性影响,提高数据滤波效果。计算温升率的回归递推公式提高了数据平滑和温升率计算的实时性。数值模拟结果表明该递推公式具有良好的滤波效果和收敛性。     

复合材料层合/夹层板分析方法

分别用ANSYS软件的实体单元solid-46.基于一阶理论的壳单元shell-99和基于整体-局部高阶理论有限元计算了复合材料层合/夹层板结构,包括层合板孔边应力集中和层合板热响应的算例,比较了各算法的精度.计算结果表明:ANSYS软件不能准确计算层合板/夹层板的层间应力,对孔边应力和热响应问题精度较低,整体-局部高阶理论有限元对于上述问题的计算具有较高精度.     

复合材料层合回转壳瞬态温度场和热应力场分析

 本文用有限元法研究了复合材料层合回转壳瞬态温度场和热应力场。考虑了各种温度边界条件。假定各铺层是横观各向同性的,但其铺设方向可以是任意的。对8节点等参元,提出了一种新的集中热容阵,有效地提高了瞬态温度场计算精度。根据本文提供的数值结果,讨论了层合壳的热传导规律,并通过比较瞬态热应力与稳态热应力的分布和大小,阐述了瞬态效应。     

高温环境下硅酸铝纤维的隔热性能

　硅酸铝纤维供应商往往只提供客户硅酸铝纤维在某一温度的热导率,难以指导隔热结构的设计。

本文针对市场上常用的硅酸铝纤维板,设计了隔热性能测试装置,实验获得硅酸铝纤维温度随时间的变化曲

线,并进行了有限元仿真分析。研究表明,硅酸铝纤维隔热效果稳定且具有一定的抗热辐射能力。有限元分析

结果与实验数据基本一致,说明采用有限元分析方法能够支持设计人员较好预测隔热效果。

     

碳布叠层穿刺复合材料多尺度传热特性研究

为了深入认识复合材料的多尺度传热特性,预测复合材料宏观热物性参数,基于通用单胞思想和多尺度传热特性分析,建立了一种有效预测碳布叠层穿刺复合材料等效热物性参数的方法。基于电镜扫描分析了纤维束和编织结构的特征,采用通用单胞思想,建立了介/细观传热分析模型,通过数值仿真进行了一系列的多尺度传热特性分析,譬如:纤维体积分数对纤维束结构传热特性的影响、穿刺纤维束大小对编织结构传热特性的影响分析,在此基础上,建立了胞体模板扩展,初步将介/细观结构研究规律应用到宏观结构热物性预测,并进行多层胞体传热特性分析。验证实验表明:等效热物性预测值与实验值吻合较好,方法有效,为深入理解认识碳布叠层穿刺复合材料的介/细观传热特性提供了有效的分析手段。     

Determination of thermal expansion coefficients for unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites

In the present work, the coefficients of thermal expansion（CTEs） of unidirectional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites are studied. First, an attempt is made to propose a model to predict both longitudinal and transverse CTEs of UD composites by means of thermo-elastic mechanics analysis. The proposed model is supposed to be a concentric cylinder with a transversely isotropic fiber embedded in an isotropic matrix, and it is subjected to a uniform temperature change. Then a concise and explicit formula is offered for each CTE. Finally, some finite element（FE） models are created by a finite element program MSC. Patran according to different material systems and fiber volume fractions. In addition, the available experimental data and results of other analytical solutions of CTEs are presented. Comparisons are made among the results of the cylinder model,the finite element method（FEM）, experiments, and other solutions, which show that the predicted CTEs by the new model are in good agreement with the experimental data. In particular, transverse CTEs generally offer better agreements than those predicted by most of other solutions.     

Real-time trajectory optimization for powered planetary landings based on analytical shooting equations

Traditionally, numerical trajectory integration for shooting equation calculation and iterations for shooting with randomly guessed initial solutions deteriorate the real-time performance of indirect methods for on-board applications. In this study, the indirect method is improved to achieve real-time trajectory optimization of fuel-optimal powered planetary landings with the help of analytical shooting equation derivations and a practical homotopy technique. Specifically, the contributions of t...     

Thermal damage analysis of aircraft composite laminate suffered from lightning swept stroke and arc propagation

Lightning strike is a complicated process involving multi-field coupling. In order to investigate the thermal damage mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced composites subject to lightning swept stroke, a complete numerical method is presented. Numerical model of lightning discharge is established based on Magneto Hydro Dynamics (MHD) and calculated by FLUENT secondary development technology. Considering aerodynamic flow effect, channel formation and evolution process during lightning discharge is analyzed for lightning current waveform A. Thermal-electric Coupling model is presented according to Radial Basis Function (RBF) interpolation theory, which is implemented by compiling program to make lightning current and heat energy inject into composite laminate. Consequently, damage mechanism of composite laminate under lightning swept stroke is studied based on the coupled numerical model and element deletion method. Ablation damage morphology of composite laminate is analyzed to understand plasma expansion and reattachment in arc root. The results show that aerodynamic flow makes the lightning channel move fast and composite laminate is deteriorated due to thermal damage.     

计算谐振机翼气动力的激波膨胀波级数展开法

本文根据激波-膨胀波理论,忽略了反射波对翼面压强分布的影响,把斜激波之后和通过一族主特征线的压强展成级数,给出了沉浮和俯仰谐振翼型表面压强分布的近似解析解。然后应用片条理论导得三维机翼振动导数的闭式解。文中给出三角形机翼俯仰导数的几个实例,数值结果与现有其它方法的结果有很好的一致性。     

光纤陀螺热致漂移仿真分析及实验验证

外界温度场作用下,光纤环温度变化和热应力是引起光纤陀螺非互易误差的主要原因。分析了光纤陀螺热致漂移的数学模型,基于该模型仿真研究了对光纤环以恒定功率加热随后转入平稳状态扰动因素下陀螺的输出特性。为验证模型准确性,选用3个光纤环搭建光纤陀螺系统,并对陀螺零偏变化特性进行了测试。测试结果表明,各陀螺零偏测试值与模型计算值间的误差不超过8%,实验结果与模型能够较好符合,该研究结果对高精度光纤陀螺的设计具有重要指导意义。     

CFRP钻削温度场的数值仿真与分析

文摘为研究碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)钻削过程传热规律及温度分布特性,在对材料热物理特性均匀化处理的基础上,利用COMSOL Multiphysics建立单向CFRP钻削温度场数值仿真模型,探究钻削过程中热量传递及温度场分布规律。结果表明,出口处温度场呈椭圆形分布状态,椭圆形最小值离心率e为0.771,且椭圆的长轴和纤维方向平行。通过实验对比,纤维方向和垂直纤维方向的温度误差分别为7.5%和7.8%,实验结果验证了数值仿真模型的正确性。     

Thermal stresses in a multilayer hollow cylinder under thermal shock on its external surface

An exact analytical solution of the thermoelasticity problem is presented for a multilayer shallow cylinder with physical properties of the medium that are constant in the limits of each layer. The effect of thermal shock of different intensity as well as the penetration depth of thermal disturbance on the distribution of radial and circumferential thermal stresses has been studied as applied to the one- and two-layer cylinder. It has been shown that the circumferential compressive stresses appear on the external surface of the cylinder under thermal shock while the tensile stresses appear on the internal surface.     

Analytical model of sound transmission through orthotropic cylindrical shells with subsonic external flow

Circular thin orthotropic shells have many applications in the aerospace industry such as aircraft, missile and launcher. An analytical study is conducted in this paper to understand the characteristic of sound transmission through an orthotropic cylindrical shell. The shell is assumed to be infinitely long and is subjected to a plane wave with uniform airflow in the external fluid medium. An exact solution is obtained by solving the first-order shear deformation and acoustic wave equations simultaneously. The transmission losses (TLs) obtained from the numerical solution are compared with those of other authors. Additionally, in comparison with the classical thin shell theory (CST), the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) calculates with the best degree of accuracy. Numerical results are used to show the effects of fiber direction, geometrical properties, Mach number and material properties.     

超声速和高超声速机翼俯仰导数—当地流活塞理论解法

本文给出计算超声速和高超声速尖前缘三维机翼俯仰导数的一个近似解析方法。该方法是根据当地流活塞理论和片条理论导得的。在激波附着于机翼前缘情况下,本方法可用于计算任意迎角,颇为一般的平面形状、尖前缘剖面机翼的俯仰导数。中小平均迎角的数值结果与有限的试验数据和其它理论作了比较,示例表明本方法的结果令人满意。