尾迹对低压涡轮边界层稳定性的影响

在低压涡轮内部上游周期性扫过的尾迹是下游叶片排内最重要的非定常扰动源,会对边界层的失稳和转捩过程产生决定性的影响.在施加低压涡轮负荷分布的平板上,采用热线对雷诺数为130000工况下,有/无尾迹作用时分离剪切层中的速度波动进行了测量.通过对比两种工况下分离剪切层中的扰动发展,分析了尾迹对分离泡稳定性的影响.结果表明:在无尾迹来流工况下,扰动在分离泡前部的增长符合线性不稳定机制,扰动增长至饱和后非线性机制开始起作用.主导分离剪切层的失稳过程的为K-H(Kelvin-Helmholtz)无黏不稳定机制.尾迹与分离剪切层的相互作用产生的扰动的增长在分离泡前部同样满足线性不稳定机制.尾迹加速了分离剪切层的失稳转捩进程,从而抑制了分离.      

激波与氦气泡相互作用的实验与数值研究

提出了一种在激波管中实现运动激波与球形气一气界面相互作用的研究方案。以肥皂膜作为气体交界面,高压火花为光源,采用阴影法,在马赫数M=1．2的情况下,在矩形激波管中开展了一系列的实验研究,获得了激波作用下球形氦气泡界面发展变化的相关实验结果。还通过求解二维轴对称的Euler方程,结合网格自适应策略,对实验过程进行了数值模拟。通过与实验结果的对比分析,证实了涡量的产生和分布对于界面的变形和发展有着重要意义。     

三维水下爆炸气泡的数值模拟

在理想不可压势流假定下,采用高阶有限元离散边界积分方程求解水流场。假定泡内气体遵循等熵关系。用Ｅｕｌｅｒ－ｌａｇｒａｎｇｅ方法模拟气泡的演化。计算结果与球泡“精确解”及实验值比较,表明数学模型合理且三维数值方法精度高。计算给出气泡迁移、射流等重要动力学行为和物体受力分析     

小攻角高超声速钝锥边界层失稳特性

利用高阶紧致格式,采用直接数值模拟(DNS)和线性稳定性(LST)分析方法,对高超声速边界层的失稳机制和转捩特点进行了研究.通过对马赫数为6的2?攻角高超声速钝锥边界层的稳定性分析发现:小攻角高超声速钝锥边界层存在多枝不稳定模态;周向速度使钝锥的稳定性特征与不考虑周向速度时有本质的差别;转捩线在接近背风面处出现拐折现象是由失稳模态发生转换引起的.      

初始扰动对于气液界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性发展的影响

利用果冻实验技术研究几种不同初始扰动的气液界面Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性发展过程。通过对不同波长和振幅的实验结果进行对比发现：波长是影响界面扰动发展的主要因素,并且在不同阶段影响的模式不同。在线性阶段,波长较短的扰动发展较快;在非线性阶段,则是波长较长的扰动发展较快。     

翼身融合布局低速验证机前缘缝翼设计

翼身融合布局是未来民机最有可能实现的非常规布局形式，其气动布局方案的验证通常采用缩比模型飞行试验的方式进行。以某翼身融合布局低速验证机为研究对象，以数值计算方法为基础，分析了其在飞行试验中存在的纵向和横向不稳定现象，提出了改善的方案——增加前缘缝翼。对此验证机进行前缘缝翼的气动布局设计、典型翼型的二维前缘缝翼设计和机翼三维前缘缝翼的气动设计，利用数值计算方法对设计结果进行纵向和横向分析。结果显示，所设计的前缘缝翼可以明显地增大验证机的失速迎角，改善其纵向力矩特性和横向特性。     

大负荷低压涡轮叶型分离转捩流动的大涡模拟

应用动力模式大涡模拟数值方法,对来流无扰动、不可压、雷诺数为5×104(基于进口速度和轴向弦长),定常来流条件下大负荷低压涡轮叶型(Pak B)叶型吸力面非定常分离转捩流动进行了三维数值模拟。在与相关实验数据的对比基础之上,对非定常流动物理信息进行了详细的分析讨论,揭示了计算来流状态下的Pak B叶型吸力面非定常分离转捩流动机理。结果表明,由无粘Kelvin-Helmholtz机制产生的、空间线性增长的初始二维不稳定性在分离剪切内诱导展向旋涡形成并脱落,脱落过程中的展向涡在非线性增长的三维不稳定性作用下发生变形并最终破碎成湍流。计算得到的Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性特征频率处于相关实验测量范围内。     

锐孔气泡形成周期及影响因素的研究

气液反应器和工艺设备中存在大量的气泡,要建立准确预测气泡形成特性的计算模型,就需要详细了解气泡的形成过程,通过CLSVOF数值模拟方法配合实验验证对锐孔气泡形成过程进行了研究。着重讨论了气流量和孔径对气泡形成的影响,并研究了气泡在形成阶段的动力学特性和孔口处气泡的脱离。通过模拟数据和实验数据的分析结果,结合Fr数和Bo数关系图得出：气泡从不发生相互扰动到气泡之间发生合并与破裂的过渡阶段中,气泡锐孔处的进气速度随着孔径的增大而减小。     

某固体火箭发动机工作末期不稳定燃烧

针对某固体火箭发动机工作末期出现的压力振荡现象开展了数值研究与线性预估.通过有限元方法得到了燃烧室空腔的声模态及固有声振频率,轴向1阶与2阶声振频率随燃面退移先减小后增大;利用大涡模拟方法分析了燃烧室内的流场特性及压力振荡特性,振荡频率与试验结果一致,判定该发动机出现了以轴向1阶声振频率为主导的不稳定燃烧;其次分析了发动机内阻尼特性,其阻尼随燃面退移不断减小;最后通过不稳定燃烧线性理论解释了该发动机工作末期出现压力振荡的机理,表明燃面退移过程中喉通比下降是导致发动机由线性稳定转向线性不稳定状态的关键因素.      

有限长圆管内刚体旋转流的直接数值模拟

通过对三维不可压缩粘性流体的直接数值模拟,研究了有限长圆管内刚体旋转流在初始扰动下,扰动的增长和动力学演化过程.首先,通过改变流动的Reynolds数和旋转角速度ω,分析了轴对称流动中Reynolds数和ω对流动失稳的影响.对于高Reynolds数轴对称流动,利用数值模拟得到的不稳定结果与无粘线性稳定性理论预测的结果一致.最后,为进一步研究流动不稳定发展的三维效应,又进行了完全三维流动的模拟.数值结果表明,三维流动中不稳定的主导模态为螺旋模态,模态在线性段指数增长,导致流动产生螺旋型的漩涡破裂,之后经过非线性段的增长后达到饱和,流动最终发展为轴对称泡型旋涡破裂的稳定状态.     

自由剪切层中的三维不稳定性

本文是在文[1]的基础上研究自由剪切层中由Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定波发展而形成的展向大涡结构的三维不稳定性。以大涡结构为基本流动,将稳定性分析归结为二维特征值问题,用pseudo spectral(伪谱)方法数值求解。研究发现:在没有亚谐波存在的情况下,大涡结构的最不稳定的扰动波是流向波长和其相同。展向波数较高,有对流特性的三维扰动波。它在剪切层中的发展与展向涡量的分布有关,大涡结构的涡核不稳定性和辫子不稳定性是流向涡形成的主要力学机制。本文还给出了不同雷诺数下三维扰动波增长率与展向波数的关系,这些结论与实验及数值模拟结果基本一致。     

机翼跨声速抖振数值模拟及模态分析

绕机翼的跨声速抖振流动是典型的复杂不稳定流动，对其非定常特性及失稳机制的研究具有重要的工程和学术价值。通过非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（URANS）仿真方法和动模态分解（DMD）分析手段，研究了CRM（Common Research Model）等典型机翼的跨声速抖振流动特性及其主要失稳模态。数值仿真结果表明机翼的跨声速抖振表现为多失稳模式下的宽频特性。除了激波的弦向失稳，还会伴随发生激波的展向失稳，它们都表现为低频特性。翼梢处的高频响应可能是由激波诱导的低频失稳与翼尖涡相互耦合形成。DMD分析结果显示机翼展长和后掠因素诱导了激波展向失稳模态。本研究对抖振流动的物理建模、控制及理解相关的气动弹性现象具有指导意义。     

Study on effects of thickness on airfoil-stall at low Reynolds numbers by cusp-catastrophic model based on GA(W)-1 airfoil

The phenomena of an airfoil stall present the behaviors of catastrophe and hysteresis at low Reynolds numbers. Numerical simulation results of two-dimensional airfoil GA(W)-1 show that the width of the hysteresis loop of airfoil stall will gradually decrease and even disappear with the decrease of thickness ratio. These nonlinear characteristics are in accordance with the topological features of the cusp catastrophic model. According to the topological invariant principle, a novel topological mapping method is developed to establish the mapping relationship between cusp catastrophic model and stall characteristics of the airfoil, then the effect of thickness ratio on airfoil stall is successfully described quantitatively by cusp catastrophic model. Further, based on the established topological mapping relationship, combined with the mean flow field of the airfoil stall, potential function approach of cusp catastrophic model is first introduced to interpret the catastrophe and hysteresis of the airfoil stall, and it is found that as the thickness ratio decreases, the system's maximal potential energy gradually disappears, and the short separation bubble at the leading edge of the airfoil changes to long separation bubble, so the airfoil stall changes from a bistable system to a monostable system.     

微细丝上气泡射流间的相互作用特性

实验考察微细加热丝上气泡射流间的相互作用现象,发现相邻气泡射流间的相互吸引现象,强相互作用时多股射流可以合并成一股射流.分析揭示出气泡射流间相互吸引的物理机制在于,气泡生长造成局部温度下降导致相邻气泡两侧的热毛细力不均衡,进而引起两个气泡射流间的相互吸引,而相邻气泡则有互相远离的趋势.利用数值模拟给出了气泡射流系统的温度场和流场,很好地验证气泡射流间相互吸引的物理机制.      

A numerical and experimental study of a transitional separation bubble

A combined numerical and experimental study of a two-dimensional transitional separation bubble due to an adverse pressure gradient is reported. The experiments have been performed in the MTL wind tunnel with a contoured wall imposing an adverse pressure gradient on the flow over a flat plate. The separated shear-layer is highly unstable and transition to turbulence occurs in the flow. The experimental separation bubble flow is modelled numerically using two-dimensional direct numerical simulations (DNS). Prescribing free stream boundary conditions in the wall normal velocity the experimental bubble is reproduced. The development of artificially forced two-dimensional instability waves is investigated and good agreement is found between experiments, simulations and linear stability theory (LST). The performance of several engineering transition prediction methods applied on the present separation bubble is presented and compared. Methods based on simplifications of the eⁿ-method yield predictions in accordance with experiments and DNS.     

微重力下高热流时池内双组分核态沸腾

本文基于Helmholtz不稳定性原理建立了微重力下双组分高热流时核态沸腾的双层汽泡结构模型。由于浮力很小,这种结构能维持到CHF状态。通过对该结构的深入分析,导得了汽柱面积占总面积的百分比及液体层初始厚度的表达式,在此基础上发展了CHF模型。分析结果同实验结果及地面条件下的结果作了比较,对异同之处作出了合理的解释。      

钝体头部边界层“逾越”型转捩机理研究

利用数值模拟的方法,研究了再入条件下,钝头体边界层中一种新的失稳机制.这种失稳机制无法用线性稳定性理论解释.最近的研究工作表明,流动中存在着一种与局部有限幅值扰动相关的失稳机制.它与常规的T-S波或二次失稳的过程不同.数值模拟了受空间模式的局部扰动影响的钝体头部超声速边界层的失稳过程.在模拟中,明确了不同扰动模型非线性相互作用的物理机制.      

Strong interactions of incident shock wave with boundary layer along compression corner

The coherent structure and instability of the interaction of incident shock wave with boundary layer developing on a compression corner are experimentally studied. The experiments are carried out in a supersonic wind tunnel of Mach number 2. Particular attention is paid to shock patterns and unsteady shock motions induced by the separation bubble. The high-speed schlieren is used to visualize the flowfield evolution and to characterize the instability. The snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition of schlieren sequences is applied to investigate the primary coherent structure in the flowfield. Fast Fourier transform and continuous wavelet transformation are applied to characterize the instability. The results show that there are large-scale low-frequency oscillations of the shock waves and small-scale high-frequency pulsations in the separation region. The peak frequency of shock oscillation is mainly concentrated in the range of 100–1000 Hz. The pulsation of the small flow structure in the separation bubble is mainly concentrated above 12.5 kHz. Based on the results of experimental analysis, the preliminary mechanism of the large-scale instability of such interaction is obtained.     

Theoretical and experimental investigation on novel 2D maglev servo proportional valve

This paper presents a novel two-dimensional maglev servo proportional cartridge valve (2D maglev valve), where a contactless maglev coupling is introduced between electro-mechanical converter and valve body to realize functions of force transmission, spool position feedback and linear-rotary motion conversion. Such configuration can effectively reduce cost of both valve manufacturing and electro-mechanical converter, while still maintain features of 2D valve such as null pilot leakage, high power-to- weight ratio and excellent anti-pollution capacity. Firstly, the characteristic equation of the valve is derived using linear theory, and the stability criterion is established for parameter determination. The influences of crucial structural parameters such as initial height of overlapping area, width of high-pressure and low-pressure holes, acting radius of magnetic force, pitch angle of maglev coupling, length of sensitive chamber and system pressure on the dynamic response are investigated based on AMESim numerical simulation. The prototype valve is then designed and manufactured and a special test rig is built. The no-load flow characteristic, load flow characteristic, leakage characteristic, amplitude and phase frequency characteristics and step response under different system pressures are measured. The experimental results are in a good agreement with the simulated analysis. As an over-damped system, the prototype valve has excellent working stability, which can reach a no-load flow rate of 105.9 L/min with hysteresis of 3.51%, amplitude bandwidth of 28.7 Hz and phase bandwidth of 42.8 Hz under 21 MPa. The research indicates that the 2D maglev valve can be a potential solution of flow rate control valve for flight control surface system of civil aircraft with high pressure and large flow rate application.     

一种地空3D-Massive MIMO信道模型

为了研究地空3D-Massive MIMO系统信道特性,提出一种基于三维单跳同心圆环散射体的地空3D-Massive MIMO信道模型。相比传统地空3D MIMO信道模型有两方面改进,首先是建立了基于单跳圆环散射体3D几何精确位置关系的球面波天线阵元相位偏移模型,其次采用生灭过程对Massive MIMO阵列上的非平稳特性进行建模。推导了该模型的信道统计特征函数,通过对特征函数理论推导值与蒙特卡洛统计值进行仿真对比,验证了理论推导正确性。此外,对所提信道模型与基于平面波的传统地空3D MIMO信道模型的空间相关性进行了分析及仿真对比,结果表明:在远场环境下,两者基本一致;在近场环境下,传统平面波模型不再适用,两者存在差异。最后,对若干组表征信道特征的仿真结果与公开文献中地空信道实际测试数据进行对比分析。表明本模型作为普遍适用性模型,可以根据信道的测试条件、测试环境和测试结果来优化参数配置以趋近于实际信道,以对特定信道进行精确建模。