双峰应力谱密度雨流幅值分布

为了在频域内解决双峰应力谱密度下的结构疲劳寿命估算问题,提出了双峰应力谱的雨流幅值分布模型,并给出了参数估算方法。假设雨流幅值分布为两个双参数Weibull分布的组合,权重系数反映了两个谱密度峰值对雨流幅值分布的贡献;雨流幅值分布模型中的参数均是随机过程谱参数的函数。数值模拟结果表明：两个Weibull分布的组合能够很好地描述双峰应力谱的雨流幅值分布,模型中的参数能够根据双峰应力谱密度的谱参数计算得出。     

关于航空发动机结构声疲劳寿命估算方法的探讨

噪声载荷是一种高频、宽带随机载荷,在低循环疲劳寿命预测中被广泛采用的时域计数法很难直接利用。根据现有的累积疲劳损伤理论,噪声载荷下结构疲劳寿命分析的关键在于如何在频域中获得雨流循环的概率密度函数。本文对从疲劳应力功率谱密度出发获得寿命估算所需要的应力峰值或应力雨流循环幅值的概率密度函数的方法进行了分析与比较,并对发动机结构声疲劳分析中值得深入研究及发展的方法给出了建议。      

Weibull分布参数估计值对细节疲劳额定强度的影响

将新材料、新工艺应用于民机结构设计时,细节疲劳额定强度（DFR）法仍是重要的评估方法。根据新型铝合金疲劳试验数据,全面分析了Weibull分布形状参数对DFR计算参数的影响;分析标准S-N曲线斜度参数对DFR的影响时,应考虑可靠性寿命的变化,采用低可靠度寿命计算曲线斜度参数可降低Weibull分布形状参数的影响;比较了采用不同分布参数估计值与传统上采用波音公司给定值进行DFR计算的差异。结果表明,对于通过符合性检验的试验数据,使用不同Weibull分布的参数估计值计算得到的DFR都大于按传统方法（用波音公司给定值）的计算结果,其中,三参数Weibull分布计算的DFR最大,至少增加10%以上。     

火箭点火压力脉冲形成机理与影响因子分析

为深入研究火箭点火瞬时压力脉冲形成机理,以火箭在地下有限空间内发射为研究对象,采用一维线性波理论分析了压力脉冲的形成机理和影响因子,并对压力脉冲幅值进行了估算。同时,采用计算流体力学方法,建立了基于三维可压缩气体Navier-Stokes方程的火箭发射燃气流场模型,详细揭示了压力脉冲在地下井内的幅值分布和演化规律。仿真结果表明,发动机燃烧室建压速率越大,井内的压力脉冲峰值越大,峰值出现的时间越早;燃气流密度越大,压力脉冲峰值越小,峰值出现的时间越晚;井筒越深,压力脉冲幅值越大。一维线性波理论分析和计算流体力学方法结果的压力脉冲峰值与试验结果比较,相对误差均不大于14.2%,表明这两种方法均能有效预示火箭点火压力脉冲幅值和分布规律。     

加筋板在热声载荷作用下随机疲劳寿命估算

薄壁结构在热声载荷作用下的应力响应对其疲劳寿命估算有着很大的影响.给出了热声载荷作用下加筋板结构的大挠度运动方程,运用有限元方法进行数值模拟,分别计算了四边简支薄壁板与加筋板在相同有限带宽高斯白噪声载荷和变化温度下的应力响应,得到了应力时间历程、应力概率密度分布和应力功率谱密度,利用改进的雨流计数法,结合线性累计损伤理论,采用Smith-Watson-Topper（SWT）平均应力模型估算了两种结构在热声载荷作用下的疲劳寿命,并进行了比较分析.     

限带高斯白噪声声压时程模拟的修正三角级数法

针对传统三角级数法模拟高声压级下的高斯白噪声声压有效值与理论值存在误差的问题,提出一种修正三角级数法,预先将各谐波振幅置为1,最后调整声压有效值为理论值,模拟过程简单,消除了传统方法模拟有效值与理论值之间的误差。数值模拟得到的声压时程数据准确可靠,具有良好的随机性,表明方法用于限带高斯白噪声声压时程模拟具有合理性、可行性。     

翼型尾缘低频大功率合成射流的动态载荷特性研究——B：动态气动载荷特性分析

针对NACA0015翼型,设计了适用于风洞研究的尾缘低频大功率合成射流致动器,对翼型尾缘合成射流作用下的非定常气动特性进行了风洞实验研究。研究表明：尾缘合成射流与横流的相互作用能够有效改变作用在翼型上的气动载荷;单侧喷口喷/吸时,喷冲程气动力系数响应幅值约为吸冲程幅值的3倍;双侧喷口同时工作时,升力和力矩系数的幅值并不是单侧喷口单独工作时喷气幅值的简单叠加,而是处于单侧喷气幅值和喷吸幅值和之间;升力和力矩响应的幅值与喷流动量系数的平方根之间存在近似的线性关系;在动量系数不变时,升力和力矩系数响应的幅值会随减缩频率的增加而减小;给定合成射流器行程,升力和力矩响应幅值与合成射流频率之间近似呈线性关系。     

压气机失稳过程的幅值与频率理论研究

在压气机主动稳定控制与健康监控时,为了准确描述失速和喘振的幅值与频率特性,以压气机系统模型为基础,从动力学的角度,基于失速团的构成,应用模态波理论分析压气机失速行为;基于压气机喘振的一维振荡特性,应用强非线性理论分析喘振现象;通过分析推导并给出压气机失稳过程的幅值与频率理论描述。数值仿真表明:失速与喘振的幅值与频率是压气机特性、压气机结构参数与气流参数的函数,在失速过程中,模态阶数越低,其幅值越先出现并趋于稳定;扰动模态阶数越高,旋转频率越大;在喘振过程中,压气机出口节流系数越小,喘振幅值与振荡频率越大。     

浸胶丝束拉伸强度统计分布研究

采用数理统计分析方法,定量比较浸胶丝束拉伸强度实验分布与理论正态分布和Weibull分布的偏离。结果表明,丝束强度分布受纤维种类和基体性能影响。在95％置信度下,浸胶丝束强度分布既可用正态分布描述,也可用Weibull分布描述;但随着基体韧性的提高,浸胶丝束强度分布呈现由正态分布向Weibull分布过渡的趋势。     

高温对Zr-4合金低循环行为的影响

对Zr-4合金开展了常温与400℃高温下的低周疲劳试验研究,获得了两种温度下材料的单调R-O(Ramberg-Osgood)本构模型和M-C(Manson-Coffin)寿命估算模型。基于这些模型,研究了材料的循环硬化与软化特性,研究了静强度、循环强度、寿命的温度因子对Zr-4合金静强度、循环强度和低周疲劳寿命规律的影响效应;根据温度对寿命的影响因子与总应变幅呈线形规律的重要发现,修正了用于高温低周疲劳寿命估算的模型,进而总结出较现行方法更简便的高温疲劳试验方法。还研究了恒幅应变下幅值应力的温度效应。     

高速列车车辆连接部位气动噪声数值模拟及降噪研究

采用大涡模拟与声类比相结合的方法,对高速列车车辆连接部位不同尺寸参数时的气动噪声进行了数值模拟,并提出降噪改进方案。研究得到了高速列车以300km/h速度运行时车辆连接部位的气动噪声分布,结果表明:车辆连接部位气动噪声在很宽的频带内存在,是宽频噪声;各监测点气动噪声频谱在低频时幅值较大,随着频率的增大先增大后减小,1/3倍频程A声压级主要集中在315～1000Hz频率范围内;车辆连接部位不同尺寸参数中,气动噪声声压级幅值随着凹槽长度L和高度H的增大而有所增加;采用全风挡方案较无风挡时,有效避免气流在凹槽内剧烈扰动,气动噪声显著改善,声压级平均降幅约为9.4%,总声压级平均降幅4.27dBA;研究结果为低噪高速列车的初期研制设计提供科学依据。     

雨流-回线法及二维疲劳载荷分布假设检验

提出对实测载荷谱进行计数处理的雨流-回线法,使用该法能够简便地将实测载荷谱分离出独立的完整应力循环 ;并提出了二维疲劳载荷分布假设检验及其参数估计方法。最后,给出了应用实例     

基于推广疲劳-蠕变等效转换理论的高温条件载荷谱编制方法

针对现有载荷处理方法对高温条件下保载时间内损伤的忽略或考虑不足问题，对疲劳-蠕变转换理论进行了推广，给出普适的转换模型建立流程，以此修正雨流计数中的等值点压缩、小幅值剔除等数据压缩步骤，从而获得了能够量化全工况保载损伤的高温条件载荷谱编制方法。在航空发动机高压涡轮盘上的应用表明：本方法考虑了全工况等值及小幅值载荷贡献的疲劳-蠕变耦合损伤，其相当于纯疲劳循环（传统雨流法）的298.25%，比常规转换方法多236.91%；寿命预测误差为8.35%，较常规转换方法降低了95%，仅为传统雨流法的2.5%，证明了优化的高温条件载荷谱编制方法的应用价值。     

An Upper Bound on Detection Probability for Fluctuating Signals

In the theory of signal detectability, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), defined as the quotient of the average received signal energy and the spectral density of the white Gaussian noise, is a fundamental parameter. For a signal which is exactly known, or known except for a random phase, this ratio uniquely defines the detection performance which can be achieved with a matched filter receiver. However, when the signal amplitude is a random parameter, the detection performance is changed and must be determined from the probability density function (pdf) of the amplitude. Relative to the case of a constant signal amplitude, such signal amplitude fluctuation usually degrades performance when a high probability of detection (Pd) is required, but improves performance at low values of Pd; the corresponding change in the required SNR is the so-called signal fluctuation loss Lf. Thus, since Lf in some cases represents an improvement in performance for low values of Pd, a question of at least theoretical interest is: how large might this improvement be, when the class of all signal amplitude pdf's is considered. The solution, presented here, results in a lower bound on the signal fluctuation loss Lf as a function of Pd, or equivalently an upper bound on Pd as a function of SNR. The corresponding most favorable pdf was determined using the Lagrange multiplier technique and results of a numerical maximization are included to provide insight into the general properties of the solution.     

Statistical properties of fatigue damage of Gaussian random loadings

Firstly, the fatigue damages associated with the random loadings were always deemed as high-cycle or very-high-cycle fatigue problems, and based on Chebyshev theorem, the number of rainflow cycles in a given time interval could be recognized as a constant by neglecting its randomness. Secondly, the randomness of fatigue damage induced by the distribution of rainflow cycles was analyzed. According to central limit theorem, the fatigue damage could be assumed to follow Gaussian distribution, and the statistical parameters: mean and variance, were derived from Dirlik's solution. Finally, the proposed method was used to a simulate Gaussian random loading and the measured random loading from an aircraft. Comparisons with observed results were carried out extensively. In the first example, the relative errors of the proposed method are 2.29%, 3.52% and 1.16% for the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient of fatigue damage, respectively. In the second example, these relative errors are 11.70%, 173.32% and 18.20%, and the larger errors are attributable to non-stationary state of the measured loading to some extent.      

Dynamics of the Phase-Locked Loop without a Limiter

The general (nth order) phase-locked loop is analyzed, of which the amplitude is not constant. The input carrier signal is amplitude-modulated by wide-band stationary Gaussian noise, and the signal, superposed with the additive white stationary Gaussian noise, enters the nonlimited phase-locked loop. Under the above assumptions the loop can be shown to constitute an n-dimensional vector Markov process, so that the process satisfies the n-dimensional Fokker-Plank equation. The probability density function depends on the effective loop signal-to-noise ratio and the effective modulation power.     

Minimax detection for signals with unknown parameters

Minimax detectors are often used for the detection of signals with unknown parameters in additive white Gaussian noise. Several minimax strategies are discussed for both real and complex signals, including one based on the least favorable distribution of the unknown parameters and a second, distribution-free method based on the worst case parameter values. Also discussed are the relationships between these minimax detectors and equal correlation filters for real signals and equal deflection quadratic detectors for complex signals. Conditions are given under which the two different minimax strategies produce identical detectors     

Some Aspects of Swerling Models for Fluctuating Radar Cross Section

The structure of Swerling's 1957 model for fluctuating radar cross section and signal amplitude is examined prinwrily in terms of mixture representations. The authors also show the relationship of Nakagami's m distrubution to Swerling's amplitude distribution, and Nakagami's q distribution (Hoyt vector density) is reduced to the Swerling distribution. Nonuniform phase distributions associated with Swerling's functions are also derived. Results are given when Swerling's amplitude density is used as a prior distribution with Bennett's (Rice's) distribution for the amplitude of a sine wave plus narrowband Gaussian noise.     

基于周期Wigner-Hough变换多相编码连续波雷达信号检测算法

为提高雷达侦察截获接收机对多相编码连续波弱信号截获能力,提出了一种基于周期Wigner-Hough变换（Periodic Wigner-Hough Transform,PWHT）的多相编码连续波信号检测算法。研究了线性调频连续波信号的PWHT及性质;分析了多相编码连续波信号时频主脊线的类似线性调频连续波特征;推导了高斯白噪声在PWHT域的统计分布特征,根据多相编码连续波信号与线性调频连续波的相似性,提出了基于PWHT的多相编码连续波信号检测算法,给出了实现流程,并计算出其检测性能和参数估计性能仿真的仿真结果。仿真结果表明：该算法较已有的其他多相编码信号检测算法有更好的弱信号检测能力,最小可检测信噪比至少可以降低3dB,并随着观测时间延长而进一步降低;其参数估计精度具有渐进最优的性质。