圆柱共形缝隙阵列的相位补偿方法研究

对圆柱共形缝隙阵列的相位补偿方法进行了研究。首先根据对偶原理,给出了任意方向放置的缝隙单元的远场计算公式。然后根据叠加原理推导出圆柱共形缝隙阵列的远区场计算公式,并通过相位补偿方法使共形阵列的电磁特性接近于平面阵列。最后对9×9圆柱共形缝隙阵列、其对应的平面阵列以及相位补偿后阵列的远区场实际算例进行验证分析。结果表明,通过相位补偿可以对共形阵列的电磁特性进行改善。     

高精度反射面板制造中边值问题的求解方法(英文)

采用三层铝板两层蜂窝芯的夹层结构制造高精度反射面板是一种先进、复杂的技术。其中,单层铝板的受力分析和夹层板的回弹计算是成形精度的根本保障。利用Fourier级数表示单层板应力函数、利用幂级数表示夹层板挠度函数,分别对高精度反射面板制造中单层板压贴和夹层板回弹两类边值问题进行了求解。与有限元模拟结果对比表明,本文提出的单层板压贴膜应力计算Fourier级数法具有较高精度;与试验结果对比表明,本文提出的夹层板回弹量幂级数法具有满意精度。     

Effective Sidelobe Levels Due to Scatterers

The far-field radiation patterns of radar antennas when installed aboard ships may differ substantially from their free-space or theoretical design radiation patterns. We obtain some estimates for the effective sidelobe levels generated by scatterers in the main beam of the antenna by 1) ships and other discrete scatterers in the far field; 2) the sea in the far field; and 3) the ship's own superstructure in the Fresnel region.     

Phased array of large reflectors for deep-space communication

In this paper the problem of uplink array calibration for deep-space communication is considered. A phased array of many modest-size reflectors antennas is used to drastically improve the uplink effective isotropic radiated power of a ground station. A radar calibration procedure for the array phase distribution is presented using a number of in-orbit targets. Design of optimal orbit and the number of calibration targets is investigated for providing frequent calibration opportunities needed for compensating array elements phase center movements as the array tracks a spacecraft. Array far-field focusing based on the near-filed in-orbit (low Earth orbit (LEO)) calibration targets is also presented and array gain degradation analysis based on the position error of the array elements and in-orbit targets has been carried out. It is shown that errors in the in-orbit targets positions significantly degrade the far-field array gain while the errors in array elements positions are not very important. Analysis of phase errors caused by thermal noise, system instability, and atmospheric effects show insignificant array gain degradation by these factors     

缩比发动机喷嘴热喷流噪声试验

为深入了解涡扇发动机喷流噪声特性,验证喷流噪声降噪方法,建立发动机喷流噪声数据库,在法国国家航天航空研究中心的CEPRA19声学风洞开展了缩比发动机喷嘴热喷流噪声试验测试工作。针对发动机热喷流模拟系统,设计加工了面积比（外涵喷嘴面积与内涵喷嘴面积之比）为5和7的两种喷嘴构型试验模型。通过减小高温区域单个零件长度尺寸和零件壁厚的方法,降低热膨胀对模型尺寸的影响。在声学风洞中完成了不同工况条件下两种面积比圆形喷嘴和锯齿形喷嘴的远场噪声特性测试。通过对远场测量噪声频谱进行分析,发现随着来流速度的增大喷流噪声会减小,采用锯齿形喷嘴设计在中低频喷流噪声水平降低,在高频噪声水平有所增加。     

定向耦合器在天线隔离度测试中的应用

飞机机载天线之间可能会因电磁能量互相耦合而产生电磁干扰,天线隔离度测试是验证机载天线布局设计的重要手段之一。根据定向耦合器性能参数定义,通过测量定向耦合器耦合端口和隔离端口的功率值计算出发射天线的净输入功率和接收天线的净输出功率,从而得到天线隔离度。通过机上测试,这种隔离度测试方法简便快捷、稳定可靠,试验结果准确有效。     

空间大型星载抛物面天线研究进展

抛物面天线作为星载天线的重要组成部分,在深空探测、移动通信、国防事业、气象监测等方面均具有广泛应用,近年来随着上述学科的快速发展,抛物面天线的研究也越来越受到人们的重视。针对空间大型星载抛物面天线的发展与需求,首先系统地概括了国外星载抛物球面天线的发展现状,综述了刚性、网状以及充气式星载抛物球面天线,对各类星载抛物球面天线的结构、性能进行了较为详细的描述和分析,对国内在该领域的部分研究成果进行了简述。然后梳理了星载抛物柱面天线的发展,对国内外具有代表性的抛物柱面天线进行了介绍,对抛物球面天线和抛物柱面天线进行了参数对比与分析。接下来对近年来针对星载抛物面天线的相关技术进行了介绍。最后对星载抛物面天线的发展趋势做了简要分析与预测。     

一种在紧缩场进行捕获跟踪试验的方法

为满足不断增长的天基中继业务需求,航天器星间链路常使用大口径高增益天线,且配置自动捕获和跟踪设备,以完成对目标航天器的自动跟踪.随着天线口径的增大,对场地空间要求不断增大,地面验证试验变得愈加困难.针对越来越难以实现的捕获跟踪外场试验,提出一种在紧缩场进行捕获跟踪试验的方案,方案详细分析了在紧缩场进行试验的可行性.通过设置跟踪通道校相因子,很好地分离了角误差信号,获得良好的S曲线以及非常小的交叉耦合,从而验证了在紧缩场进行捕获跟踪试验是可行的.相对于传统的远场测试方法,该方法具有不受气候影响、费用低等优点.     

Optimized RF test range for educational purposes

Both the design and construction of a composite scale airframe and the equipment for an anechoic test range plus the in-house production of absorptive wall covering-all for engineering education-are briefly described. It is shown, that low cost home-made absorbing material with an attenuation of 30 dB or more can be designed. Waveguide and ground plane antennas for test purposes can be constructed from surplus materials. In this case the design and measurements of a 3 GHz antenna pair are shown. Finally, as a test object, a cheap yet effective scale model of a modern fighter aircraft is used for measurements of radar cross section and antenna installations. As a demonstration of the total system capabilities, the measurement of installed F-18 antennas is shown     

基于 LES 方法的增升装置气动噪声特性分析

在气动噪声数值计算中,流场的求解精度对涡流扰动的细节计算以及声学的求解结果有着重要的影响。本文应用 LES 方法对增升装置的流场进行数值模拟,采用可穿透积分面的 Ffcows Wil1iams-Hawkings(FW-H)积分方法进行远场噪声计算。采用圆柱绕流算例对本文的数值计算方法进行了验证,验证结果表明：本文所使用的LES 方法能准确地捕捉到涡脱落、流动分离等非定常流动现象,可为远场气动噪声的计算提供精确的近场流动的数值解;基于 FW-H 的声类比方法能够精确高效求解远场气动噪声。在此基础上,对增升装置噪声产生的流动特性、远场特性、风速影响等进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明：缝翼产生气动噪声的主要原因是,流动在缝翼和主翼之间的凹槽形成的不稳定波以及缝翼钝后缘的小脱落涡;襟翼产生气动噪声的主要原因是,襟翼附近由于流动分离产生的高频的小尺度不稳定涡和低频的大尺度涡。     

Attitude determination using dedicated and nondedicatedmultiantenna GPS sensors

We show that the use of nondedicated Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors to determine the attitude parameters of a vessel yields the same level of performance as the use of a dedicated multiantenna receiver, namely an agreement of the order of 0.1° (1σ). The test platform is a survey launch operating at cruising speeds of 10 to 15 kt. The dedicated multiantenna receiver is a four-antenna Ashtech 3DF unit, while the nondedicated sensor array consists of three NovAtel GPSCard^TM receivers. The approach used to resolve the relative carrier phase integer ambiguities between the antennas is discussed and the use of antenna baseline constraints is analyzed. A least-squares procedure which utilizes all the position information from the antennas for the estimation of the attitude parameters and their accuracy is presented. The attitude determination results from the two configurations tested are intercompared     

卫星天线极化隔离度在轨测试方法与误差分析

建立卫星天线极化隔离度在轨测试的全程链路模型,分析交叉极化分量产生的机理,给出一种符号表示方法标识由各天线馈源激励产生的各段链路上的信号。分析和实际测试结果表明,主极化和交叉极化接收通道都会在2个相近的频点上产生多个极化分量矢量合成的信号,如果频谱仪分辨率设置不当,则得不到正确的测试结果。由于无法完全分离地面天线和卫星天线产生的交叉极化分量,卫星天线极化隔离度受到地面天线极化隔离度的影响。此外,还描述了高精度测量的卫星天线极化隔离度在轨测试流程和误差分析方法。     

A nonlinear equivalent circuit method for analysis of passive intermodulation of mesh reflectors

Passive intermodulation(PIM) has gradually become a serious electromagnetic interference due to the development of high-power and high-sensitivity RF/microwave communication systems, especially large deployable mesh reflector antennas. This paper proposes a field-circuit coupling method to analyze the PIM level of mesh reflectors. With the existence of many metal–metal(MM) contacts in mesh reflectors, the contact nonlinearity becomes the main reason for PIM generation. To analyze these potential PIM sources, an equivalent circuit model including nonlinear components is constructed to model a single MM contact so that the transient current through the MM contact point induced by incident electromagnetic waves can be calculated. Taking the electric current as a new electromagnetic wave source, the far-field scattering can be obtained by the use of electromagnetic numerical methods or the communication link method. Finally, a comparison between simulation and experimental results is illustrated to verify the validity of the proposed method.     

Effects of RF absorbers on measurements of small antennas in smallanechoic chambers

In this work, the influence of resistive absorbers in the vicinity of small antennas was investigated, in order to define a lower limit for the size of a small anechoic chamber for antenna calibration and radiation pattern measurements, with respect to the distance between the antenna under test (AUT) and the RF absorbers lining the walls. Furthermore, the influence of a relatively narrow transmission channel, formed by the absorbers on the side walls between the measurement antenna and the AUT was investigated. It was found by measurements that absorbers with the length of 610 mm do not have a measurable effect on the radiation characteristics of a small antenna at around 1.8 GHz, as long as they are kept more than 100 mm from the AUT, and the transmission channel formed by the absorbers between the antennas is wider than 100 mm     

飞行器共形天线新型制造工艺及应用研究进展

共形天线具有小型化、低剖面、大孔径等特点,是未来天线重点发展趋势之一,以气动一体化天线、超宽带窄波束天线为代表的共形天线成为目前飞行器天线领域的研究热点。当前共形天线的制作工艺主要包括打印、转印、激光加工等,采用合适的工艺能够实现天线的大面积共形制造。讨论了共形天线在不同飞行器载体上的优势,如打印制作的低剖面机载天线可实现战机的气动隐身一体化需求,也可满足弹载天线小型超宽带需求,柔性天线可应用于星载充气可展开天线等。在此基础上对当前共形天线存在的关键技术问题进行了阐述,并对共形天线在航空航天领域的未来发展做出了展望。     

An adaptive high power vector network analyzer for the tuning ofNDB transmitter antennas

Reliable impedance measurements of installed HF air navigation antennas are possible with an automatically adjusted high power analyzer using levels above 30 dBm to overcome external interference signals coupled from the environment. Even a bad mismatch of an unknown device cannot cause unpredictable results or test equipment failures if this straightforward method is applied. The proposed adaptive network analyzer covers frequencies between 100 kHz-50 MHz and regulates the test port power down to 10 dBm according to the return loss and, thus, reduces the risk of damage and, at the same time, improves resolution at the other end of the return loss scale above 25 dB. The rejection of the misleading effects of unwanted signals can be further improved by the built-in modulation     

Agile-beam synthetic aperture radar opportunities

The application of agile-beam (electronically steered) antennas to synthetic aperture radars (SARs) is examined. Agile-beam antennas are shown to provide significant advantages for SAR applications in which rapid search of wide areas is desired at high resolution. The analysis provides some useful insights into the operation of SARs and dispels a number of common misconceptions about the limitations of SARs     

Superconducting antennas

The applicability of superconductors to antennas is examined with emphasis on the roles of external and internal fields. Six potential implementations have resulted. These are superdirective arrays, millimeter-wavelength arrays, electrically small antennas, matching of antennas, phasers for electronic scanning, and traveling-wave array feeds. Most superdirective arrays are still impractical, because of high Q and strict tolerances. Large millimeter arrays appear feasible, due to a major reduction in feed losses. For electrically small antennas, high Q again limits applicability. However, matching of small superdirective arrays and all electrically small antennas, including large transmit antennas, is very attractive, as matching network losses are greatly reduced. Switched-line phasers offer a major size reduction; phase control by means of temperature of a single line poses some problems. Traveling-wave array beam steering by means of temperature also appears possible. The last two utilize the kinetic inductance provided by thin films     

Phase Compensation for Widely-Spaced Antenna Systems Employing Coherent Signal Combinations

This paper describes a technique for providing phase compensation to signals received at widely-spaced antennas and processed at a central location. Self-compensation is provided for pathlength variations in reference-signal distribution systems. The technique may be adapted to include the measurement and compensation of signal-channel phase variations. Practical systems which require this type of compensation include interferometric systems used for position and position-rate measurements of missiles and spacecraft, interferometers and arrays of antennas used for radio and radar astronomy, and arrays of large-aperture antennas used for deep-space communications.     

History of automotive anticollision radars and final experimentalresults of a MM-Wave car radar developed by the Technical University ofMunich

The history of development of automotive radars in different countries since 1972 is described using a short comparison of radar types. The authors indicate the planning of introduction of car radars in the near future according to information supplied by car companies. The purpose of the development of an automotive radar was to test different signal processing procedures both for distance and Doppler evaluation and also for a digital wavefront reconstruction to find out the angle position of a target. The block diagram, the main properties, the technical data of the radar system, the used antennas and the multiplexing of transmitting antennas is described. Finally some experimental results have been obtained under real traffic conditions