二维机翼影区爬行波RCS的研究

分析了机翼前后缘处于影区时的散射机理,建立了机翼爬行波雷达散射截面（ＲＣＳ）的计算模型。该模型反映出外形参数对ＲＣＳ的影响,便于工程计算。针对典型试件进行了理论计算和一维成像实验,结果吻合良好     

GRECO中棱边绕射场计算的改进

图形电磁计算 (GRECO)方法是计算复杂目标高频区雷达散射截面 (RCS)的有效方法之一。分析了原始GRECO方法在判定目标图象棱边象素的不足之处 ,给出了相应的改进措施。改进后的软件能够更准确、充分地判定目标的棱边象素及获得棱边参数。在边缘绕射场的计算方面 ,指出了相关文献中存在的错误 ,给出了基于等效电磁流法 (MEC)和物理绕射理论 (PTD)的边缘绕射场计算式 ,及与物理光学 (PO)场叠加求取RCS的完整表达式。计算实例表明 ,新的方法具有更高的准确度 ,与实验测量值吻合     

Two Methods of Ambiguity Resolution in Pulse Doppler Weather Radars

A comparison is made of the performance of a weather Doppler radar with a staggered pulse repetition time and a radar with a random (but known) phase. As a standard for this comparison, the specifications of the forthcoming next generation weather radar (NEXRAD) are used. A statistical analysis of the spectral moment estimates for the staggered scheme is developed, and a theoretical expression for the signal-to-noise ratio due to recohering-filtering-recohering for the random phase radar is obtained. Algorithms for assignment of correct ranges to pertinent spectral moments for both techniques are presented.     

Millimeter Radar Instrumentation

Millimeter wavelength radars are used to study plasma effects associated with ionized flow fields of projectiles launched at hypersonic speeds into a free-flight ballistic range. Two CW Doppler radars, at frequencies of 35 and 70 Gc/s, measure the nose-on backscattering radar cross sections during flight. The design and performance of the two radars are described in detail. A signal simulator provides absolute calibration. The purpose is to measure changes that occur in the radar cross sections of hypersonic projectiles caused by highly ionized flow fields. Under certain conditions the nose-on backscattering radar cross section of a blunt-nosed metal projectile decreases drastically when a thin, shock-produced layer of ionized gas covers the projectile. A theoretical analysis of this effect is given. Comparisons between theoretical predictions and experimental data show good correlation.     

Design of a space-based radar signal processor

Space-based radar (SBR) is capable of providing flexible wide-area coverage of air, land, and sea targets. Numerous studies have been carried out in the United States and Canada in recent years to investigate different concepts for SBR. The design of a suitable radar signal processor (RSP) is challenging due to the effects caused by the moving platform on target integration and clutter spectral spread. A candidate RSP is described that uses a corporate fed array (CFA) antenna as its primary radar sensor. The algorithmic definitions of the signal processing functions are provided; the relationships between these functions and the reasons for their location in the signal processing chain are also discussed. In addition, techniques for reducing the computational requirements are also presented     

阻抗条缩减边缘散射优化模型研究

首先推导出二维阻抗条带的散射积分方程,然后用矩量法求解其表面电流密度,进而求其散射分布。通过电磁建模,分析了条带不同阻抗分布下的电磁散射特性,从而得到对边缘散射缩减很大的阻抗分布函数,实现对阻抗渐变材料分布的优化,对雷达吸波材料的设计有重要的指导意义。     

QUADRI-THRESHOLD ALGORITHM OF CO-LOCATED RADAR-TO-ESM CORRELATION

A quadri-threshold radar-to-ESM correlation algorithm is presented and the corresponding four thresholds (high threshold, middle threshold, low threshold, and threshold margin) are given. The proposed algorithm is especially suited for the scenarios where each radar track is specified by different numbers of measurements. Using a simple and effective discriminant function based on the fuzzy synthesis function, the proposed quadri-threshold radar-to-ESM correlation algorithm first selects the two most likely radar tracks and then makes the soft decision based on the selected two tracks. The introduction of the threshold margin in the presented algorithm can further reduce misclassification errors. Simulation results show the feasibility of the algorithm.     

Monopulse Radars Excited by Gaussian Signals

This paper presents the theoretical probability densities of the outputs of both an amplitude-comparison monopulse radar and a phase-comparison monopulse radar when the monopulse radars are excited by Gaussian signals plus Gaussian noises. These probability densities are useful for studying the responses of monopulse radars to noise excitations. For example: Noise excitations arise when the monopulse radars are ?viewing? a noise source or a radar target consisting of randomly moving scatterers. The probability densities also serve as useful approximations for characterizing the outputs of monopulse radars when sinusoidal signals plus Gaussian noises excite the monopulse radars. Some special cases of the probability densities are presented in graphs.     

Coherent Doppler tomography-a technique for narrow band SAR

Some concerns regarding a technique of narrowband synthetic aperture radar (N-SAR) imaging called coherent Doppler tomography (CDT), which may be a good candidate for spaceborne applications, are addressed. Using a single-frequency signal, are addressed. Using a single-frequency signal, resolution of two tenths of a wavelength can be achieved in the point spread function if the radar platform circles the ground path to be imaged. However, the high sidelobe level of -8-dB in the point spread function results in an unacceptable dynamic range. To reduce the sidelobe level, two approaches are presented: coherent processing using multiple discrete frequencies and noncoherent subaperture processing. Simulation results demonstrate that the sidelobe level is substantially reduced by both methods. However, the resolution is degraded and the computational overhead is greatly increased for noncoherent subaperture processing. Also presented is a possible satellite geometry configuration that could utilize N-SAR processing to provide high-resolution global mapping capability     

Search Radar Cumulative Probability of Detection

A procedure is presented for computing radar range performance for different types of radars. It is associated with any arbitrary cumulative probability of detection and false alarm probability for a search radar when scanning uniformly. The emphasis is on presenting a model for engineering use, rather than on its theoretical justification.     

飞行器翼身结合部的散射特性分析

飞行器翼身结合部构成的两面角反射器是一个很强的电磁散射源,但由于其一个表面弯曲,分析这种结构的散射十分困难。采用复射线展开法和几何绕射法分别处理镜面多次反射和边缘绕射,计算了这种复杂结构产生的电磁散射和雷达截面贡献,分析了翼身两面角和机身半径等几何参数对目标雷达截面的影响。结果表明是一种有效的雷达截面预估方法,通过结构几何参数的计算机优化,可以显著地减小翼身结合部的雷达截面贡献。     

Reduction of Radar Tracking Errors with Frequency Agility

Frequency agility with random frequency in each pulse gives an improvement in radar angle tracking with a monopulse radar. With a conical-scan tracking radar, the glint error is reduced but fading error can be increased, and the net result must be studied in each case. A theory, usable for calculating angle tracking errors with a frequency agile radar, is given, and two examples showing the error reduction are presented. According to the theory, one part of the glint or fading spectra is ``smeared out' to half the pulse repetition frequency. Another part, the size of which depends on the degree of correlation between pulses, keeps the form of the original spectrum.     

Efficient and high precision space-variant processing of SAR data

We investigate the space-variance of the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) transfer function due to focus depth variation and Earth rotation effect. We introduce a procedure for efficient space-variance compensation which is based on the use of a nonstandard Fourier transform (FT). A number of experiments confirming theoretical results are presented     

Multipath Fluctuation Effects in Track-While-Scan Radar

A theoretical model of diffuse multipath reflections from rough surfaces is applied to the prediction of multipath power distribu tions in radar coordinates: elevation angle, time delay, and Dop pler frequency. These distributions are used to predict radar tracking errors in elevation angle, for both monopulse and scan ning antenna systems, and typical results are presented. These show a small increase in tracking error for scanning systems, on radially approaching targets, caused by sensitivity of these trackers to amplitude scintillation of the composite direct-plus multipath signal. Effects of knife-edge diffraction and of vegetation ion are briefly considered.     

机翼涂敷吸波材料减缩雷达散射截面的研究

推导出了光滑凸体金属表面涂敷吸波材料时的后向雷达散射截面 ( RCS)公式。对一系列涂敷吸波材料的金属平板进行了 RCS测试和理论计算。为提高计算精度,给出计算 RCS的工程修正方法。在此基础上,对机翼前后缘局部涂敷吸波材料。研究结果表明,机翼前后缘涂敷吸波材料可以有效地控制 RCS     

A Quantitative Analysis of Sea Clutter Decorrelation with Frequency Agility

A brief statement of the sea clutter problem in surface-search radar operation illustrates the need for some form of signal-to-clutter enhancement. Post-detection integration used in the simpler radars is limited by the pulse-to-pulse correlation of the clutter. Analysis of the effect of changing frequency from pulse to pulse leads to an expression for the correlation between pulses in the sequence. Knowing this correlation, the reduction in the fluctuating clutter component produced by integration can be determined. This is described by an equivalent number of independent pulses, Nc. For the particular case of sinusoidal modulation of the transmitted frequency, N6 is computed. The critical dependecne of Nc upon the modulating frequency fm is illustrated by spectrum photographs. Choice of an optimum fm is discussed. The results of computations of N4 for optimum fm are presented as a family of normalized curves. These data permit the tradeoff of the radar parameters against their quantitative effect on radar performance.     

A Coarse Search Correlation Tracker for Image Registration

A high-speed compact digital correlation tracker which determines the frame-to-frame translational motion between two images is presented. By combining a similarity detection approach with the correlation coefficient in a parallel pipelined architecture, effective tracking rates comparable to conventional fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques can be achieved. Examples of the tracker's performance using simulated data and image data acquired by an active infrared radar are given.     

Monopulse radar based on spatiotemporal correlation of stochastic signals

The theory and technique of angle-of-arrival (AOA) estimation using random-noise or other stochastic transmit waveforms is addressed. The additional uncertainties induced by signal itself and the statistical complexity of the received signals result in major challenges. The statistical properties of the random-noise interferometer and monopulse radar system are studied and compared theoretically using an approximation method. Furthermore, a random-noise coherent correlation receiver (CCR) architecture is proposed. The concept of mean monopulse characteristic curve (MMCC) is introduced. Experimental results using an X-band random-noise monopulse radar system validate the theoretical predictions of random-noise monopulse characteristics and suggest potential applications such as surveillance, imaging, and maneuvering target tracking.     

Adaptive polarimetric target detection with coherent radar. I.Detection against Gaussian background

The derivation of a completely adaptive polarimetric coherent scheme to detect a radar target against a Gaussian background is presented. A previously proposed Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) polarimetric detector is extended to the case of a general number of channels; this exploits the polarimetric characteristics of the received radar echoes to improve the detection performance. Together with the fully adaptive scheme, a model-based detector is derived that has a lower estimation loss. A complete theoretical expression is derived for the detection performance of both proposed polarimetric detectors. They are shown to have Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) when operating against Gaussian clutter, but to be sensitive to deviations from the Gaussian statistic. The application to recorded radar data demonstrates the performance improvement achievable in practice     

细长翼绕流中的旋涡特性

 本文综述了细长翼绕流中由前缘分离形成的集中涡的各种运动特性。细长翼翼面上方的前缘集中涡是控制机翼绕流和影响机翼气动力特性的主要因素。为此本文详细介绍了前缘涡的形成及其基本流动结构;前缘涡的破裂现象及其对机翼气动力特性的影响;并给出前缘涡破裂的各种理论模型和它的估算方法。最后还简单介绍了绕流中旋涡之间的绕合现象和互相干扰的流动结构。