尖锐压头刻划脆性材料的断裂机理研究

以金刚石压头对脆性材料的压痕和刻划实验为基础,研究了在弹性半空间下,垂直点载荷和切向点载荷共同作用的应力场中中介裂纹的产生和扩展机理。当有切向载荷作用下,裂纹产生的长度和方向都受到切向载荷影响,并研究了切向载荷当量系数和裂纹生成角两个参数对裂纹影响关系。这对于超精密车削过程裂纹生成机理和脆塑转变临界切深的研究都很有意义     

SiCp/A356复合材料的细观损伤及混联失效模型

采用SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料制动盘本体取样,对SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料在室温和高温条件下的细观损伤断裂机制进行研究。在试样断口上,通过扫描电镜观察到裂纹的萌生和扩展,SiC颗粒和裂纹扩展面的改变对裂纹生长的阻滞作用和以SiC颗粒为中心的辐射状疲劳条纹。提出一种颗粒增强复合材料的细观损伤混联模型,用于解释材料细观裂纹的萌生和扩展。     

碳化硼材料动压气浮轴承零件精密加工

针对高精度、高硬度、高脆性碳化硼材料的动压气浮轴承零件精密加工存在加工合格率低和效率低的问题，进行了加工流程、精密磨削与精密研磨的技术改进。首先，采用电火花套切方法去除大部分加工余量、小余量精密磨削和精密研磨加工的工艺方法，提高了轴承零件加工效率。其次，通过设计制作专用高精度定位磨削夹具和金刚石砂轮修整装置，解决了轴承零件磨削加工形位精度不高和砂轮无法进行在位修整的问题。最后，通过研制圆柱面精密研磨机，解决由于原有研磨设备精度差造成的加工质量和效率低的问题。通过采取技术改进措施，实现了碳化硼轴承零件亚微米级形位精度的磨削加工，提高了轴承零件的加工精度、合格率和加工效率。     

含Nd稀土相对高温钛合金低周疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展行为的影响

实验研究了含稀土Ｎｄ高温钛合金中稀土相颗粒与室温及６００℃低周疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展行为的关系。结果表明，疲劳裂纹在距颗粒一定距离的基体中产生，而不在预先开裂或脱粘的颗粒处萌生。裂纹扩展时绕过颗粒并使裂纹扩展路径曲折化。     

超声振动磨削C/SiC复合材料的试验研究

采用电镀金刚石砂轮对CVI+PIP综合工艺制备的2.5D正交编织C/SiC陶瓷基复合材料进行了轴向超声振动平面磨削加工试验.通过对超声振动磨削与普通磨削的磨削力、磨削表面三维形貌及粗糙度的分析与测量,对C/SiC复合材料的加工工艺进行了研究.结果表明,磨削过程中材料去除方式以脆性去除为主,碳纤维损伤形式以纤维拉断、剥离...     

基于数字图像相关的预腐蚀2024-T4铝合金疲劳开裂实验研究

通过三维数字图像相关(3D-DIC)方法研究预腐蚀2024-T4铝合金在三种不同最大应力水平和应力比下的疲劳开裂行为。通过应变场演化直观地显示裂纹萌生和扩展的时空特征,并通过扫描电镜观测关键损伤区域的断裂微观形貌。结果表明:试样边缘的局部腐蚀促进了疲劳裂纹萌生,影响了裂纹的形核位置,并引起材料氢脆现象;疲劳裂纹扩展方向与加载方向呈60°~68°角,表明疲劳裂纹扩展可以用KⅠ/KⅡ混合模式来描述;预腐蚀铝合金疲劳失效存在单裂纹断裂、多裂纹联合、多裂纹竞争和多裂纹平行扩展4种典型的失效模式。     

单纤维增强SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料切削机理研究

根据SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的结构特点构建了二维切削有限元分析模型，发现微裂纹在基体材料的萌生与扩展、增强相纤维对裂纹扩展的阻碍是切削该材料的基本去除方式。单纤维增强SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料切削过程是基体材料的裂纹不断萌生、扩展和增强纤维不断拉断、折断而形成切屑的综合过程，刀具与基体、纤维不断的脱离、接触导致切削力波动大，切削过程呈明显的随机波动特性。SiC纤维的存在对于控制裂纹的形成与扩展具有重要作用，SiC纤维限制了裂纹的扩展长度，使得形成的切屑尺寸较小，有利于提高表面加工质量。     

航空发动机钛材料磨削技术研究现状及展望

钛材料主要指钛合金、钛铝金属间化合物和钛基复合材料，具有密度低、强度高、抗氧化与蠕变性能好等优异特性，在航空发动机领域具有广泛应用前景。钛材料属于典型的难加工材料。磨削是高效精密加工钛材料的重要方法，可以获得良好的加工精度和表面质量。首先概述了钛材料在航空发动机中的应用及其磨削工艺技术总体情况。随后，从磨削力与磨削温度、砂轮磨损、材料去除机理、表面完整性等方面阐述了钛材料磨削技术的研究进展，并总结了针对钛材料磨削关键问题提出的新工艺和新方法。最后，对钛材料磨削技术未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

转动微动磨损条件下7075铝合金的局部疲劳行为研究

在新型转动微动磨损试验机上,进行了7075铝合金与GCr15钢球配副在不同角位移幅值下的转动微动磨损实验。在磨痕表面形貌及剖面微观分析的基础上,研究了转动微动磨损的局部疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展行为。结果表明:转动微动磨损条件下疲劳裂纹主要分布于混合区,大量的裂纹向基体内部扩展,混合区材料的失效形式主要表现为裂纹的萌生和扩展,并伴随因疲劳磨损所致的片状剥落;在部分滑移区,疲劳裂纹萌生后平行于表面方向扩展,微动损伤主要表现为材料的轻微剥落;在滑移区,在局部接触疲劳和磨损的竞争过程中,疲劳效应减弱且材料磨损占支配地位。此外,疲劳裂纹的形成与转动微动的中心隆起有密切关系。     

利用金刚石微颗粒进行微米级加工的研究

 为确立用金刚石微颗粒对硬脆性材料进行微加工的技术基础,在进行了螺旋切入方式的运动学和力学模式的解析后,对用金刚石微颗粒进行磨削微加工的最佳条件进行了探讨。在此基础之上,用电镀有金刚石微颗粒的工具和螺旋切入磨削方式,成功地实现了对玻璃、硅片等各种各样的硬脆性材料的100μm尺度的高精度加工。     

Performance evaluation of creep feed grinding of γ-TiAl intermetallics with electroplated diamond wheels

This paper evaluates the performance of creep feed grinding γ-TiAl intermetallic (Ti-45Al-2Mn-2Nb) using electroplated diamond wheels. Firstly, a comparative analysis with the grinding results by using electroplated CBN wheels was conducted, mainly involving abrasive wheel wear behavior and maximum material removal rate below surface burn limit. It was found that the diamond wheel would produce much better grinding results including lower wheel wear rate and higher maximum material removal rate. Then the surface integrity obtained at different level of material removal rate was characterized with the utilization of the diamond wheel. The poor ductility of this γ-TiAl intermetallic material was found to have a marginal effect on the surface integrity, as no severe surface defects such as material pullout were generated during the stable wheel wear stage. For the involved operating parameters, a deformation layer was produced with ∼10 μm or more in thickness depending on the material removal rate used. Meanwhile, a work-hardened layer extending to more than 100 μm was produced with a maximum microhardness of above 520 HV_0.05 (bulk value 360 HV_0.05). The residual stress remained compressive, with a value of above −100 MPa and even up to −500 MPa for an elevated material removal rate. Shearing chip was the main chip type, indicating good wheel sharpness in the grinding process.     

Diamond wheel grinding characteristics of 3D orthogonal quartz fiber reinforced silica ceramic matrix composite

Fiber-reinforced silica ceramic matrix composites (SiO_2f/SiO₂) have gained extensive attention in recent years for its applications in aeronautics field such as radar radome and window. However, the machining properties and mechanism of the material remain unclear. The features and mechanical properties of the material itself have a significant influence on both its machining characteristics and surface integrity. Thus, a full-factor grinding experiment is conducted using a 3D orthogonal SiO_2f/SiO₂ aiming to obtain its machining characteristics. The effects of grinding parameters and tools on the grinding force, surface roughness, and material damage type are investigated using a dynamometer, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Acoustic Emission (AE) analysis. The AE frequency band is analyzed, and a semi-analytical force model is established to study the difference between a single grain and wheel grinding. It was found that the changes in surface roughness correlate with the changes in grinding force, with fiber fracture being the main reason behind the increase in grinding force. Finally, the material removal mechanism was studied based on the AE analysis. It was found that the removal mechanism is fiber fracture dominated with matrix crack and debonding, and the primary sources of energy consumption are fiber fracture and friction.     

Al2O3陶瓷蠕动进给超声磨削特性试验研究

在改装成的超声磨削机床上进行了陶瓷超声磨削与普通磨削的对比试验,以揭示蠕动进给超声磨削加工的磨削特性及其材料去除机理。结果表明:当超声振动方向与磨削进给方向相同时,超声振动所引起的抛磨作用非常显著,超声磨削的表面粗糙度比机械磨削的低;Al2O3陶瓷在一般条件下超声磨削的去除方式仍属于脆性断裂,以晶粒粉碎、穿晶断裂为主,但伴随有沿晶断裂、弹性划擦、塑性流动等现象。     

氩气保护条件下钎焊单层金刚石砂轮的研究

 利用氩气作为保护气体,以 Ni-Cr合金粉末做钎料,适当控制钎焊温度、保温时间和冷却速度,实现了金刚石与钢基体的牢固的化学冶金结合。利用扫描电镜和 X射线能谱,结合 X射线衍射结构分析,发现在钎焊过程中 Ni-Cr合金中的 Cr元素分离在金刚石界面形成富 Cr层并与金刚石表面的 C元素反应生成Cr₃C₂ 和 Cr₇C₃,在钢基体结合界面上 Ni-Cr合金和钢基体中的元素相互扩散形成冶金结合,这是实现合金层与金刚石及钢基体之间都有较高结合强度的主要因素。并通过重负荷磨削实验进行验证取得较好的结果。     

Brazing diamond grits onto AA7075 aluminium alloy substrate with Ag–Cu–Ti filler alloy by laser heating

The brazing of diamond is a promising way to fabricate grinding wheels for efficient machining and precision grinding. This work investigated the feasibility of bonding diamond grits onto Aluminium Alloy 7075 (AA7075) substrate with a Ag–Cu–Ti filler alloy via laser fusion brazing. The interfacial microstructures and the strength of the brazed diamond joints were studied. The cross-section of the brazed diamond joint consists of a molten filler alloy layer, a molten pool, a heat effect zone, a columnar crystal zone and an equiaxed crystal zone. Within the interface of the filler alloy/substrate metal, microstructures observed possibly were Ag(s.s), Al(s.s), TixAl, Al2Cu and Mg intermetallic compounds. A layer of TiC with a thickness of about 30–50 nm was found at the bonding interface of the diamond/filler alloy. The averaged peak shear force of the brazed joints was found to be approximately 39.8 N. The abrasion grinding test indicated that the diamond/AA7075 brazed joint was adequate for grinding. However, the pulled-off of grit was found to be the primary failure of this type of brazed joint. This work broadened the brazing diamond technique and the range of applications of brazed diamond wheels for efficient grinding.     

Research on Ultrasonic Vibration Grinding of the Hard and Brittle Materials

It is well known that grinding techniques are main methods to machine hard and brittle materials such as engineering ceramics. But the conventional grinding has many shortcomings such as poorer surface finish,quicker wear and tear of grinding tools,lower effi-ciency and so on. Ultrasonic vibration grinding (UVG) which combines ultrasonic machining and grinding emerged as a developing and promising technique in recent years. In this paper,experimental studies on UVG were conducted on several kinds of hard and brittle material by altering processing parameters such as vibration frequency and its amplitude,diamond abrasive grit size,cutting depth,feeding speed and rotary speed of tools. The experimental results show that alteration in any of above mentioned parameters will bring effects on the processed surface finish of these materials. Of them,the diamond abrasive grit size has the greatest. Moreover,conven-tional grinding experiments were also carried out on these materials. By comparison,it was found that the UVG is superior to the con-ventional method in terms of the ground surface quality,the working efficiency and the wear rate of tools.     

激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮磨削氧化铝工艺

为了研究砂轮表面结构化对砂轮磨削性能的影响,利用脉冲激光对树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮进行了表面宏观结构化。采用6种不同类型的金刚石砂轮表面宏观结构进行了氧化铝的磨削实验,建立了激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮的磨削力模型,比较了6种不同激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮与非结构化砂轮在不同磨削参数下磨削力的差异,分析了砂轮制造后的表面形貌与结构化砂轮的磨损特性。实验结果表明,砂轮宏观结构化对磨削性能有很大影响,激光宏观结构化砂轮的磨削力可以减小2. 5%~24. 5%,砂轮结构化后的表面形貌出现石墨化现象;宏观结构化砂轮沟槽边缘磨损加剧,但沟槽磨损并没有明显加快宏观结构化砂轮的磨损。     

Grain erosion wear properties and grinding performance of porous aggregated cubic boron nitride abrasive wheels

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) superabrasive grinding wheels exhibit unique advantages in the grinding of difficult-to-cut materials with high strength and toughness, such as titanium alloys and superalloys. However, grinding with multilayered metallic cBN superabrasive wheels faces problems in terms of grain wear resistance, the chip storage capability of the working layers and the stability and controllability of the dressing process. Therefore, in this work, novel metallic cBN superabrasive wheels with aggregated cBN (AcBN) grains and open pore structures were fabricated to improve machining efficiency and surface quality. Prior to the grinding trials, the air-borne abrasive blasting process was conducted and the abrasive blasting parameters were optimized in view of wear properties of cBN grains and metallic matrix materials. Subsequently, the comparative experiments were performed and then the variations in grinding force and force ratio, grinding temperature, tool wear morphology and ground surface quality of the multilayered AcBN grinding wheels were investigated during machining Ti–6Al–4V alloys. In consideration of the variations of grain erosion wear volume and material removal rate per unit of pure metallic matrix materials as the abrasive blasting parameters changes, the optimal abrasive blasting parameters were identified as the SiC abrasive mesh size of 60# and the abrasive blasting distance and time of 60 mm and 15 s, respectively. The as-developed AcBN grains exhibited better fracture toughness and impact resistance than monocrystalline cBN (McBN) grains because of the existence of metal-bonded materials amongst multiple cBN particles that decreased crack propagation inside whole grains. The metallic porous AcBN wheels had lower grinding forces and temperature and better ground surface quality than vitrified McBN wheels due to the constant layer-by-layer exposure of cBN particles in the working layer of AcBN wheels.     

液压导管用不锈钢板材振动损伤研究

以导管用不锈钢1Cr18Ni9Ti板材为研究对象,对其在悬臂约束、一阶固有频率下的振动特性进行了研究。给出了1Cr18Ni9Ti板材的S-N曲线,材料的振动疲劳极限为218MPa。裂纹源位于试样表面,断口有疲劳纹存在,是典型的疲劳破坏。     

CVD金刚石薄膜表面抛光技术的研究

对CVD金刚石膜的离子束铣削、电子束加工、激光加工、化学辅助机械抛光、热化学抛光等抛光技术的加工方法与原理进行了介绍,分析了这些方法的优点和不足之处。并展望了CVD金刚石薄膜抛光技术的发展方向。