基于铣抛喷组合工艺的TB6钛合金精铣参数优化

TB6钛合金是航空制造领域承重结构件的重要材料,属于典型难加工材料。开展了TB6钛合金铣抛喷组合工艺试验,研究了不同铣削参数对表面完整性的影响及精铣与喷丸工序间的耦合关系。结果表明,试件表面粗糙度主要受铣削每齿进给量fz影响。fz0.2mm/z时,组合工艺加工后,试件表面粗糙度值Ra较低;fz0.2mm/z时,随精铣fz提高,铣削硬化率下降,喷丸后的表面粗糙度提高;铣喷组合工艺条件下,铣削线速度vs在20~40m/min范围内,硬化率随vs的升高而降低,喷丸区域表面粗糙度升高;vs在40~50m/min范围内,铣削硬化率升高,喷丸区域表面粗糙度降低。切宽ae对试件硬化和表面粗糙度的影响不显著。铣喷组合工艺条件下的精铣参数优化结果为:vs=50m/min,fz=0.2mm/z,ae=1.0mm。铣抛喷组合工艺条件下,可在低于0.4mm/z范围内适当提高铣削每齿进给量fz。     

TB6钛合金铣削表面完整性试验研究

通过选取3个系列的参数,研究了铣削参数对TB6钛合金铣削表面完整性(表面粗糙度、加工硬化和残余应力)的影响,得出结论:线速度在低于40m/min或高于100m/min时均可得到较低的粗糙度值;进给量是影响粗糙度的主要因素,随着每齿进给量fz由0.04mm/z逐渐上升到0.12mm/z的过程中,粗糙度Ra持续上升,最后达到了0.45μm。随着线速度的增大,硬化率呈逐步下降趋势,而硬化层深度则先保持基本平稳,然后下降的趋势;进给量增大会使硬化程度略微增加;切深的变化对加工硬化影响并不明显。在TB6钛合金铣削过程中,已加工表面均呈现出压应力状态,这说明刀具后刀面与已加工表面的挤光效应对残余应力的产生起主导作用。     

钛合金TB6铣削参数对表面完整性的影响研究

通过TB6钛合金的侧铣加工试验,研究了工艺参数对钛合金加工表面完整性的影响规律.试验结果表明:每齿进给量的变化对加工表面形貌和粗糙度的影响最大;增大每齿进给量和铣削宽度,表面残余压应力有所增大,残余应力影响层变深,材料的硬化深度和硬化程度也有所增大;每齿进给量和铣削宽度的变化对塑性变形层的深度影响较小.     

TC4钛合金侧铣加工表面形貌分析及工艺参数优化

TC4钛合金是 1种典型的不易加工材料,其切削加工表面质量很难控制。为实现面向侧铣加工表面形貌的切削工艺参数优选,开展了 TC4钛合金侧铣加工实验研究。首先,探究了加工表面微观缺陷特征及其形成机制;然后,采用粗糙度参数 Ra和 Sa对铣削表面形貌进行定量表征,并分析了切削速度、进给量和切削深度对表面粗糙度参数的影响;最后,基于遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm,GA)对铣削工艺参数进行了优化。研究发现,加工表面微观缺陷主要有进给刀痕等固有缺陷和黏附颗粒等随机缺陷。铣削表面粗糙度随主轴转速的增大先减小后增大;随径向切深的增大先增大后减小;随进给量先增大后减小。在主轴转速 n = 1 093 r/min、径向切深 ae = 0.2 mm、每转进给量 f = 0.06 mm/r的条件下可以获得较小的表面粗糙度。     

300M钢高速铣削表面粗糙度的影响特性研究

通过正交实验设计方法,开展了300M钢的铣削加工研究,对各种工况下加工表面的粗糙度进行了测量。运用极差分析方法,阐明了主轴转速、每齿进给量、轴向切深及径向切宽对表面粗糙度的影响程度和影响规律,并采用BP神经网络建立了表面粗糙度的指数预测模型。实验及分析结果显示,每齿进给量是影响300M钢逆铣表面粗糙度的主要因素,顺铣时主要影响因素则为轴向切深。同时,通过对比预测值和实验值,验证了表面粗糙度预测模型构建的合理性和有效性。     

高速铣削参数对TC17钛合金表面变质层的影响

为优化TC17钛合金球头铣刀高速铣削参数和为控制表面变质层提供实验依据,采用中心复合响应曲面法,建立表面粗糙度预测模型,采用方差分析对模型和输入参数的显著性进行检验,分析铣削参数对表面粗糙度的影响规律,同时对高、中、低三种铣削参数水平下的残余应力、显微硬度和微观组织进行检测。结果表明:该模型可以有效预测球头铣刀高速铣削TC17钛合金后的表面粗糙度,每齿进给量和铣削宽度对表面粗糙度影响显著;铣削后表面为残余压应力状态,随着铣削参数水平的增大,表面残余压应力增大,残余压应力层在20μm左右;表层显微硬度经历了"热软化-加工硬化-趋于稳定"的过程;表层晶粒出现了破碎、弯折,塑性变形层厚度约为10μm。     

16Cr3NiWMoVNbE航空齿轮弹振珩磨光整表面完整性试验研究

采用弹振珩磨光整工艺对16Cr3NiWMoVNbE渗碳航空直齿轮进行光整加工,研究了不同珩磨周期和未光整齿轮的齿廓几何特征、齿面形貌、横截面微观组织与显微硬度、残余应力等表面完整性特征参数。结果表明,与未光整齿轮相比,弹振珩磨能改善齿廓倒棱圆滑度,降低表面粗糙度并提高表面残余压应力;其指标改善程度随珩磨周期延长而增大。在2倍珩磨周期条件下,实现了齿顶倒棱圆弧过渡,获得了表面短且交叉的细网状条纹,面粗糙度从0.47μm降到0.20μm,齿面平均残余压应力提高了52%。试验研究为弹振珩磨光整工艺在难加工航空齿轮中的应用提供了参考。     

高速端面铣削加工引入残余压应力场的试验研究

为研究高速铣削加工表面残余应力分布,在统计试验设计指导下,使用X射线衍射/电解抛光方法对试样表层、次表层残余应力分布进行测量,得出残余应力分布曲线经验预报公式,探讨切削参数对残余压应力场特征指标的影响规律。研究结果表明,合理的高速切削工艺将在加工表面内引入类似喷丸强化效果的残余压应力场;(3,1)有理式模型与三阶多项式模型是描述高速铣削引入残余应力分布曲线的有效拟合公式;高速切削工艺参数对加工表面残余应力场的产生有直接影响,每齿进给量是决定残余压应力分布的关键因素,每齿进给量的变化将引起残余应力场形成机理的改变。     

粉末冶金篦齿盘光整加工技术研究

篦齿盘位于高压压气机转子的末端,工况条件相对较差,特别是均压孔边静应力高,在一定振动应力作用下,均压孔边易产生疲劳裂纹。为保证零件在使用温度范围内要有尽可能高的疲劳性能,篦齿盘采用粉末冶金高温合金FGH97。本文通过粉末冶金篦齿盘光整加工技术研究,改变传统的手工抛光的工艺方法,有效地去除毛刺、刀痕波纹,降低表面粗糙度值,改善表面应力状态,提高零件加工表面质量。     

GH4169高温合金车削表面完整性对疲劳性能的影响

通过车削和旋转弯曲疲劳实验,研究直接时效态GH4169高温合金车削进给量对表面完整性的影响,以及表面完整性对疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:当进给量f从0.2 mm/r减小到0.02 mm/r时,表面粗糙度R_a从1.497μm减小到0.431μm;表面残余应力从拉应力状态逐渐转变为压应力状态;表面塑性变形层从8μm减小到2μm左右;表面应力集中系数是GH4169疲劳寿命的主要影响因素,随着表面应力集中系数增大,疲劳寿命显著下降;在实验参数范围内,当f=0.13 mm/r时,可获得好的表面完整性,表面应力集中系数K_(st)为1.166,表面显微硬度为405.27HV_(0.025),表面残余应力为82.08 MPa,获得的平均疲劳寿命为6.98×10~4周次;车削表面疲劳断口具有多源疲劳断裂特征,疲劳源起始于试件加工表面的缺陷处。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.