原位自生TiB2/Al基复合材料的制备及性能

在合金的基础上进一步引入纳米陶瓷颗粒,从而制备出颗粒增强金属基复合材料,是提高金属材料综合性能的重要手段。本文从原位自生TiB_2/Al基复合材料的制备方法、不同加工工艺下复合材料的微观组织、复合材料的力学性能三个方面总结了其研究现状,同时展望了原位自生TiB_2/Al基复合材料的发展方向。通过原位自生方法制备出的TiB_2颗粒增强铝基复合材料具有颗粒尺寸小、与基体界面结合良好等优点。通过合金化设计、热加工塑性变形、快速凝固工艺可进一步改善纳米陶瓷颗粒的分散性。相对于外加法制备的金属基复合材料,原位自生TiB_2/Al基复合材料具有更加优异的力学性能,如弹性模量、强度、抗疲劳性能、抗蠕变性能等。     

SiC_p/Al复合材料内螺纹螺旋磨削加工方法研究

铝基碳化硅颗粒增强型复合材料(SiC_p/Al复合材料)切削加工性能较差,其内螺纹的切削加工难度更大。在研究SiC_p/Al复合材料磨削加工性能的基础上,提出利用电镀超硬磨料成形砂轮进行SiC_p/Al复合材料内螺纹螺旋磨削加工的工艺方法,并研制了电镀CBN成形砂轮,进行了具体的内螺纹磨削试验。试验结果验证了SiC_p/Al复合材料内螺纹螺旋磨削加工方法的可行性和灵活性。在砂轮线速度v_s=5.86m/s、进给速度v_f=80mm/min的条件下,CBN成形砂轮对SiC_p/Al复合材料展现出较好的磨削能力,单个砂轮可以完成17个M8螺纹孔的螺旋磨削加工,其内螺纹的加工尺寸精度均满足6H塞规的检测要求。同时,电镀CBN砂轮的磨损形式以磨粒磨损为主,砂轮表面未出现大面积脱落的现象。这说明,利用超硬磨料成形砂轮可以实现SiC_p/Al复合材料内螺纹的高效高质量加工,此工艺方法具有较高的工程应用价值,适于在实际生产中推广应用。     

高纯钨磨削加工试验研究

为探究适用于高纯钨磨削加工的砂轮,使用80~#绿碳化硅砂轮和金刚石砂轮开展磨削对比试验,从工件表面粗糙度角度评价上述两种砂料对高纯钨磨削加工表面的影响。试验结果表明,绿碳化硅砂轮对应的工件得到了更理想的表面粗糙度。使用绿碳化硅砂轮开展工艺试验,分析在不同磨削参数下加工表面粗糙度的变化趋势,以此为依据对高纯钨磨削加工工艺参数进行评价与优化。综合考虑加工表面粗糙度以及加工效率,得出适合于钨磨削加工的参数为砂轮线速度v_s=23m/s、磨削深度a_p=8μm、工作台进给速度v_w=10m/min,该参数下得到的表面粗糙度均值为0.336μm。     

钎焊CBN砂轮缓磨镍基铸造高温合金的磨削加工性与表面完整性(英文)

缓进给磨削工艺适合于成型磨削,尤其在复杂型面构件的高效精密磨削中具有广阔应用前景。本文采用钎焊CBN砂轮进行了镍基铸造高温合金K424的缓磨试验,重点研究了工艺参数(砂轮线速度、工件进给速度、切深)对磨削加工性与表面完整性的影响,包括磨削力与磨削温度、磨削比能、尺寸稳定性、加工表面形貌、亚表面层的显微硬度与金相组织变化、残余应力。结果显示,尽管K424合金的磨削比能高达200-300J/mm3,但在钎焊CBN砂轮缓进给磨削K424合金过程中,磨削温度仅约为100℃。采用砂轮线速度22.5m/s、工件进给速度0.1m/min,以及切深0.2mm的工艺参数加工出满足尺寸精度要求的直槽。磨削表面未发现磨削烧伤与显微裂纹,并且呈压应力状态。     

原位自生TiB2/Al复合材料车削参数多目标优化方法

原位自生TiB2/Al复合材料具有密度小、比强度高、高耐磨等特点,在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景.主要针对TiB2/Al复合材料车削参数对表面粗糙度的影响进行探索性研究.首先,以车削速度、进给速度、车削深度为对象,基于单因素试验研究了车削参数控制域.进一步在控制域内设计正交试验,并基于试验结果研究了表面粗糙度与车削参数的映射关系,推导了材料去除率模型.最后,以表面粗糙度和材料去除率为优化目标,提出并研究了基于GA-Pareto的车削参数多目标优化方法,并通过试验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

镍基高温合金GH4169磨削参数对表面完整性影响

研究了用单晶刚玉砂轮磨削镍基高温合金GH4169时,磨削参数对表面完整性中的表面特征(表面粗糙度、表面形貌、表面显微硬度和表面残余应力)的影响,以期优化磨削参数.砂轮速度依次选择15,20,25m/s,磨削深度分别选择50,100,150μm,工件速度分别选择5,10,15 m/min.研究结果表明:表面粗糙度对工件速度的变化最敏感,表面显微硬度对砂轮速度变化最敏感,表面残余应力对砂轮速度变化最敏感;同时表明了磨削参数对磨削表面形貌、显微硬度梯度、微观组织、残余应力梯度的影响,揭示了表面完整性中的变质层形成规律.其塑性变形层在5～10μm,显微硬度变化影响层为80～100 μm,残余应力影响层厚度为80～200μm,其为磨削镍基高温合金表面完整性控制研究提供相关的实验数据基础.     

高体积比铝基SiC复合材料的铣磨试验研究

为了改善高体积比铝基SiC复合材料的可加工性,提高加工效率,本文对高体积比铝基SiC复合材料进行了平面铣磨加工试验研究.试验结果表明,高体积比铝基SiC复合材料在铣磨加工中主要表现为脆性材料的特性,电镀金刚石砂轮在磨削过程中不会出现磨屑粘附现象.SiC颗粒的破损程度是影响表面粗糙度的主要因素,并且在相同磨削参数和条件的情况下随着颗粒的破损程度、砂轮粒度的增大和进给速度vf的降低,磨削表面的粗糙度值会逐渐减小.在给定其他试验参数的情况下,120#的φ8mm电镀砂轮适合进行粗磨,并且磨削的材料去除率能够达到2400mm3/min,同时进给抗力Fz小于25N,磨宽抗力Fx和磨深抗力Fy小于15N.使用230#的φ8mm电镀砂轮进行精磨能够保证表面形成率达到6400mm2/min,并使表面粗糙度优于Ra0.4μm.     

加工表面粗糙度及其对GH4169高温合金疲劳寿命的影响

借助扫描电子显微镜观察和分析了用刚玉砂轮磨削ＧＨ４１６９高温合金的磨削表面形貌。通过试验，研究了ＧＨ４１６９高温合金表面粗糙度与加工参数间的关系；根据正交试验建立了磨削表面粗糙度的经验公式；分析了加工表面粗糙度对ＧＨ４１６９高温合金疲劳寿命的影响规律。     

新型刚玉砂轮磨削GH4169镍基高温合金的性能评价研究

镍基高温合金是航空发动机部件的常用材料,其磨削加工存在工具损耗严重、寿命短等难题。针对3种新研制的刚玉砂轮(分别为粒度60#的微晶和单晶混合磨料砂轮、粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮,以及粒度70#的单晶刚玉砂轮),开展了GH4169镍基高温合金材料的磨削试验,从磨削力、磨削温度、砂轮磨损以及表面粗糙度等方面对3种砂轮的磨削性能进行了评价。结果表明,3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料在砂轮磨损和表面粗糙度方面未表现出明显差异,而通过对磨削力和磨削温度的综合评价发现粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮的磨削性能更优。3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料的磨削比在0.5~3之间。在正常磨削条件下,3种砂轮的磨削表面粗糙度Ra小于0.4μm。同时发现,砂轮磨损(主要包括磨粒的破碎和脱落)是造成磨削表面缺陷形成的重要原因。     

PCD刀具车削不同颗粒含量SiCp/Al复合材料试验研究

碳化硅铝基复合材料具有优良的导热性、较高的比强度和比刚度,在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。由于此复合材料中含有增强相,导致材料的切削加工性能变差。通过试验分析了不同颗粒体积分数(纳米级5%、微米级25%)SiCp/Al复合材料和切削参数(切削速度、背吃刀量、进给量)对刀具磨损和工件表面质量的影响,并对刀具磨损机理进行了研究。试验结果表明,车削微米级25%SiCp/Al材料时聚晶金刚石PCD(Polycrystalline Diamond)刀具磨损更严重,且工件表面质量更差。随着进给量和背吃刀量的增大,工件表面粗糙度值增大,刀片前刀面磨损严重;随着切削速度的增大,工件表面粗糙度值减小,刀片前刀面磨损量增大。选取本文切削参数进行SiCp/Al复合材料的切削加工时,发现刀具磨粒磨损、微崩刃是PCD刀具后刀面磨损的主要成因,且刀具前刀面也会产生积屑瘤。研究结果可为SiCp/Al复合材料PCD车削工艺的优化提供理论基础。     

Grinding behavior and surface appearance of（TiC_p＋ TiB_w）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites

（TiCp＋ TiBw）/Ti-6Al-4V titanium matrix composites（PTMCs） have broad application prospects in the aviation and nuclear field. However, it is a typical difficult-to-cut material due to high hardness of the reinforcements, high strength and low thermal conductivity of Ti-6Al-4V alloy matrix. Grinding experiments with vitrified CBN wheels were conducted to analyze comparatively the grinding performance of PTMCs and Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Grinding force and force ratios, specific grinding energy, grinding temperature, surface roughness, ground surface appearance were discussed. The results show that the normal grinding force and the force ratios of PTMCs are much larger than that of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Low depth of cut and high workpiece speed are generally beneficial to achieve the precision ground surface for PTMCs. The hard reinforcements of PTMCs are mainly removed in the ductile mode during grinding. However, the removal phenomenon of the reinforcements due to brittle fracture still exists, which contributes to the lower specific grinding energy and grinding temperature of PTMCs than Ti-6Al-4V alloy.     

Influence of alumina abrasive tool wear on ground surface characteristics and corrosion properties of K444 nickel-based superalloy

K444 nickel-based superalloy is an important material to manufacture the gas turbine due to its excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures and corrosion resistance. Currently,grinding is the mostly used method for the surface finish of the K444 alloy components. However,few studies worked on the effects of the abrasive tool wear on the ground surface characteristics and corrosion properties of K444 alloy. This study uses two different-type alumina abrasive tools, i.e.,white alumina(WA)...     

激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮磨削氧化铝工艺

为了研究砂轮表面结构化对砂轮磨削性能的影响,利用脉冲激光对树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮进行了表面宏观结构化。采用6种不同类型的金刚石砂轮表面宏观结构进行了氧化铝的磨削实验,建立了激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮的磨削力模型,比较了6种不同激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮与非结构化砂轮在不同磨削参数下磨削力的差异,分析了砂轮制造后的表面形貌与结构化砂轮的磨损特性。实验结果表明,砂轮宏观结构化对磨削性能有很大影响,激光宏观结构化砂轮的磨削力可以减小2. 5%~24. 5%,砂轮结构化后的表面形貌出现石墨化现象;宏观结构化砂轮沟槽边缘磨损加剧,但沟槽磨损并没有明显加快宏观结构化砂轮的磨损。     

GH4169磨削表面粗糙度影响参数的敏感性研究

通过GH4169高温合金平面切入磨削实验,建立了表面粗糙度的经验公式,分析了表面粗糙度对磨削参数的灵敏度,获得了磨削参数稳定域和非稳定域。结合正交试验法中的极差分析方法获得了不同磨削参数对表面粗糙度的影响曲线,进行了磨削参数区间的优选。研究结果表明:表面粗糙度对磨削深度的变化最为敏感,对工件速度的变化敏感次之,对砂轮速度的变化最不敏感;磨削深度优选范围为0.01～0.015mm,工件速度优选范围为10～15m/min,砂轮速度优选范围为20～30m/s,可控制表面粗糙度在0.7μm以内。为高温合金材料磨削表面粗糙度控制提供理论方法和试验依据。     

Developing a novel radial ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding device and evaluating its performance in machining PTMCs

Particle-reinforcing titanium matrix composites(PTMCs) exhibit the sharp raising applications in modern industries owing to its extraordinary physical and mechanical properties. However, the poor grindability and unstable grinding processes due to the existence of TiC particles and TiB short fibres inside PTMCs, leading to the sudden grinding burn and low material removal rate.In this work, a novel radial ultrasonic vibration-assisted grinding(RUVAG) device with a special cross structure was dev...     

搅拌对熔铸—原位反应TiB2／Al和TiC／Al复合材料微观组织的影响

研究、开发了一种熔铸－ 原位反应颗粒增强铝基复合材料制备技术,探讨了搅拌工艺对３ｖｏｌ％ ＴｉＢ２ 和３ｖｏｌ％ ＴｉＣ颗粒增强铝基复合材料微观组织的影响。结果表明,采用圆盘状叶片的搅拌装置对获得颗粒均匀分布、组织致密的铝基复合材料十分有利。     

Grinding performance evaluation of porous composite-bonded CBN wheels for Inconel 718

For high-efficiency grinding of difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium and nickel alloys, a high porosity is expected and also a sufficient mechanical strength to satisfy the function.However, the porosity increase is a disadvantage to the mechanical strength. As a promising pore forming agent, alumina bubbles are firstly induced into the abrasive layer to fabricate porous cubic boron nitride（CBN） wheels. When the wheel porosity reaches 45%, the bending strength is still high up to 50 MPa with modified orderly pore distribution. A porous CBN wheel was fabricated with a total porosity around 30%. The grinding performance of the porous composite-bonded CBN wheel was evaluated in terms of specific force, specific grinding energy, and grinding temperature, which were better than those of the vitrified one under the same grinding conditions. Compared to the vitrified CBN wheel, clear straight cutting grooves and less chip adhesion are observed on the ground surface and there is also no extensive loading on the wheel surface after grinding.     

Design and experimental study of a micro-groove grinding wheel with spray cooling effect

The effectiveness of grinding fluid supply has a crucial impact on grinding quality and efficiency in high speed grinding. In order to improve the cooling and lubrication, through in-depth research of self-inhaling internal cooling method and intermittent grinding mechanism, a new spray cooling method used in high speed grinding is proposed. By referring to the structure of bowl- shaped dispersion disk, the grinding wheel matrix with atomization ability is designed; through studying heat transfer of droplet collision and the influence of micro-groove on the boiling heat transfer, grinding segment with micro-groove is designed to enhance the heat flux of coolant and achieve maximum heat transfer between droplets and grinding contact zone. High-speed grinding experiments on GH4169 with the developed grinding wheel are carried out. The results show that with the micro-groove grinding wheel just 5.4% of pump outlet flow rate and 0.5% of spindle energy is needed to reduce the grinding temperature to 200℃, which means the developed grinding wheel makes cooling high efficient and low energy consuming.     

Comparative investigation on high-speed grinding of TiCp/Ti–6Al–4V particulate reinforced titanium matrix composites with single-layer electroplated and brazed CBN wheels

In order to develop the high-efficiency and precision machining technique of Ti Cp/Ti–6Al–4V particulate reinforced titanium matrix composites(PTMCs), high-speed grinding experiments were conducted using the single-layer electroplated cubic boron nitride(CBN) wheel and brazed CBN wheel, respectively. The comparative grinding performance was studied in terms of grinding force, grinding temperature, grinding-induced surface features and defects. The results display that the grinding forces and grinding temperature obtained with the brazed CBN wheel are always lower than those with the electroplated CBN wheel. Though the voids and microcracks are the dominant grinding-induced surface defects, the brazed CBN wheel produces less surface defects compared to the electroplated wheel according to the statistical analysis results. The maximum materials removal rate with the brazed CBN wheel is much higher than that with the electroplated one. All above indicate that the single-layer brazed CBN super-abrasive wheel is more suitable for high-speed grinding of PTMCs than the electroplated counterpart.