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采用大涡模拟技术,针对某分段式固体火箭发动机开展了发动机燃面退移0mm,160mm和280mm三个时刻下发动机燃烧室内部流动不稳定现象的数值分析,获得了三个典型时刻燃烧室内压强可能的振荡特性.计算结果表明,在发动机点火初期燃烧室内流动不稳定性主要由表面涡脱落导致;随着燃面的退移,端面限燃层暴露在燃气中,由于端面包覆结构残余的影响,燃烧室内流动不稳定性主要由障碍涡脱落决定,且与点火初期相比,压强振荡的频率逐步减小. 相似文献
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为研究外侧面燃烧固体燃料冲压发动机燃烧室流场及燃面退移速率的特点,在Fluent平台上完成了内孔、外侧面燃烧SFRJ的燃烧室内燃烧流场的数值计算。在所涉及的工况中,计算结果表明:外侧面燃烧的SFRJ中,再附着点之前,燃面退移速率较大,来流空气质量流率150g/s,总温600 K时,最大燃面退移速率比内孔燃烧增大43.5%;再附着点之后,燃面退移速率快速减小;随着来流空气总温的减小,固体燃料末端的燃面退移速率开始沿轴向增大;随着来流空气质量流率的增大,燃面退移速率开始增大的位置不断前移,而其增大速率不断减小;因大部分区域内燃面退移速率较小,导致其平均燃面退移速率比内孔燃烧减小21.9%至40.5%;外侧面燃烧的推力比内孔燃烧的小,但比冲相差不大;补燃室及喷管表面处流场温度比内孔燃烧低500~1000 K。 相似文献
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设计并搭建了一个小型直连式试车台,开展了固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室工作过程的初步实验研究。加热器提供的燃烧室入口总压与总温分别为2.2MPa与1600K,试验证明了固体燃料超燃冲压发动机燃烧室在没有外部辅助条件下能够实现自点火和稳定燃烧。实验结果表明,燃面退移速率沿轴线先增大后减小,在凹腔和等直段交界处达到最大值,其峰值超过2 mm/s。随着燃烧进行,燃烧室通道扩大,凹腔与等直段压强下降较快。由于扩张比逐渐减小,扩张段内压强变化比较平稳。实验研究了采用突扩台阶进行火焰稳定的燃烧室构型,结果表明突扩台阶不适合作为固体燃料超燃冲压发动机的火焰稳定器。 相似文献
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为了研究液氧煤油在高混合比下的燃烧特性,在模拟燃烧室中开展了液氧煤油在超临界压力环境下的富氧燃烧实验,燃烧室中采用了双离心喷嘴。实验过程中燃烧室压力额定值为6.4MPa,高于液氧和煤油的超临界压力。燃烧室直径为50mm,燃烧室长度约为345mm,燃烧室喉部直径10.5mm。用压力传感器记录液氧喷前压力、煤油喷前压力和燃烧室压力,压力数据的采样频率为2kHz。实验中发现:当混合比为10时,液氧煤油发生较为稳定的燃烧;当混合比为14.5时,燃烧室内出现了20~30Hz的低频燃烧振荡;在燃烧的启动和关机阶段,也出现了相近频率的低频燃烧振荡。液氧和煤油的喷前压力振荡相位均滞后于燃烧室压力振荡,表明振荡的源头在燃烧室。系统幅频特性分析结果表明,燃烧振荡频率与系统频率不耦合。液氧煤油低频燃烧振荡的主要诱发因素可能是高混合比燃烧下的温度效应。富氧燃烧温度低于2200K易诱发低频燃烧不稳定。 相似文献
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为提高固体燃料冲压发动机的燃烧特性和工作性能,提出了带有中心钝体的固体燃料冲压发动机方案,基于雷诺转捩和涡概念耗散方程建立了其湍流燃烧模型,并数值计算分析了其内流场、燃面退移速率、推力与总压损失。结果表明:带有中心钝体的冲压发动机内部流动过程较为复杂,钝体后部有四个漩涡,增强了发动机内来流空气与燃气的掺混;钝体孔隙中的高速气流与两侧的小尺度漩涡保证了钝体尾涡的稳定性;与普通固体燃料冲压发动机相比,在燃烧室中增加中心钝体能增大燃烧室内高温区面积,提高补燃室内温度,可使推进剂平均燃面退移速率提高26.11%,发动机推力提高22.12%,燃烧效率提高8.9%。 相似文献
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为探究含铝固体燃料冲压发动机的燃烧特性和工作性能,基于纳米铝颗粒和端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)的混合固体燃料,采用雷诺转捩模型、颗粒表面反应模型和涡概念耗散模型,建立了二维两相湍流燃烧模型;数值计算分析了含铝固体燃料冲压发动机内流场,以及不同含铝质量分数和粒径下的燃面退移速率、推力与比冲。结果表明:发动机的进气条件对颗粒相的燃烧与运动起主导作用;与纯HTPB推进剂相比,添加质量分数为5%的铝颗粒能够提高补燃室压强和温度,增大燃烧室内高温区面积,可使推进剂平均燃面退移速率提高18.53%,发动机推力提高21.37%,密度比冲提高2.38%,适当增加铝颗粒含量或减小粒径,对提高推进剂燃面退移速率、发动机推力和密度比冲具有积极作用。 相似文献
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模型预混燃烧室燃烧不稳定性研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
针对钝体火焰稳定器结构的模型预混燃烧室的燃烧不稳定性现象进行了实验研究和数值模拟.实验中利用动态压力传感器测量了不同当量比时燃烧室内动态压力的频率和振幅.结果表明:随当量比增加,不稳定性频率从251Hz增加到258Hz.不稳定性振幅与大气压力比值从2.7%增加到6.1%.对燃烧室进行了定常和非定常数值模拟以及声学模态分析,得到了周期性旋涡脱落的频率为260Hz和燃烧室系统的前5阶本征声学模态频率.其中第3阶纵向声学模态频率与实验值基本一致,说明维持不稳定性的机理为钝体火焰稳定器后旋涡的周期性对称脱落和燃烧室系统的第3阶纵向声学模态形成了耦合. 相似文献
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为研究等离子体对火箭发动机高频燃烧不稳定性的影响,提出了一种基于脉冲激励准直流放电等离子体的控制方案,采用数值仿真方法研究了脉冲放电等离子体对燃烧室流场平均参数及动态特征的影响规律。结果表明:脉冲激励下燃烧室平均温度和压力都较定常激励下有所降低,对整个燃烧室的影响可以忽略。与定常激励相似,等离子体可以在一段时间内抑制高频压力振荡,而且在特定控制参数下其对不稳定燃烧的抑制效果优于定常激励方式;从功率谱密度分析可知脉冲激励下燃烧室压力振荡特征频率由燃烧室固有声学频率和脉冲激励频率两者共同决定,提高激励频率则特征频率幅值有所降低。脉冲激励方式与定常激励一样不改变燃烧室压力-释热耦合特征,但是通过降低释热率能够改变压力振荡幅值,进而实现对高频不稳定燃烧的抑制。在所研究工况中,激励频率为50 kHz、占空比为20%的脉冲控制参数下等离子体的抑制效果最佳。 相似文献
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燃烧不稳定问题是今后相当长一段时间内固体火箭发动机燃烧流动领域需要解决的重要问题。由燃烧响应主导的燃烧不稳定问题具有很典型的非线性燃烧不稳定特征,是当前研究的重点与难点。采用非线性方法开展固体火箭发动机的非线性动力学分析,可以获得非线性燃烧不稳定的触发条件与稳定性区间,以及不稳定的增长过程和最终达到的极限环振荡状态。压强耦合响应、速度耦合响应、分布式燃烧、粒子阻尼和喷管阻尼是燃烧不稳定分析中重要的增益和阻尼项,在非线性燃烧不稳定分析中,这些增益与阻尼同样需要非线性表达式,需要开展精细的实验研究和理论分析,以获得更符合发动机实际工作状况的推进剂燃烧响应和铝分布式燃烧的非线性模型。深刻认识压强振荡增长过程中各阶模态间能量的传递规律,是揭示非线性不稳定触发机理和极限环形成过程的关键所在。在实验验证技术方面,需要建立起地面实验外部激励和飞试状态实际激励环境的等效分析方法,发展能够有效模拟实际飞行时发动机燃烧不稳定环境的地面等效模拟实验方法。 相似文献
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Vortex-acoustic coupling is one of the most important potential sources of combustion instability in solid rocket motors (SRMs). Based on the Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) experimental motor, the influence of the thermal inhibitor position and temperature on vortex-shedding-driven pressure oscillations is numerically studied via the large eddy simulation (LES) method. The simulation results demonstrate that vortex shedding is a periodic process and its accurate frequency can be numerically obtained. Acoustic modes could be easily excited by vortex shedding. The vortex shedding frequency and second acoustic frequency dominate the pressure oscillation characteristics in the chamber. Thermal inhibitor position and gas temperature have little effect on vortex shedding frequency, but have great impact on pressure oscillation amplitude. Pressure amplitude is much higher when the thermal inhibitor locates at the acoustic velocity anti-nodes. The farther the thermal inhibitor is to the nozzle head, the more vortex energy would be dissipated by the turbulence. Therefore, the vortex shedding amplitude at the second acoustic velocity antinode near 3/4L (L is chamber length) is larger than those of others. Besides, the natural acoustic frequencies increase with the gas temperature. As the vortex shedding frequency departs from the natural acoustic frequency, the vortex-acoustic feedback loop is decoupled. Consequently, both the vortex shedding and acoustic amplitudes decrease rapidly. 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2020,33(3):805-825
Aeroacoustic pressure oscillation is one of the important challenges in segmented solid rocket motors with high slenderness ratio. The reason for these oscillations can be searched in vortex shedding due to grain burning surfaces, holes and slots. In this paper, a novel sub-scaled motor was used for evaluation of aeroacoustic pressure oscillations. First, the related parameters to scale down using Buckingham’s Pi-theorem were determined and then the sub-scaled motor was designed and manufactured. After this, Strouhal number in various grain forms and vortex shedding prediction criteria have been discussed. Then, one-dimensional linear and non-linear solution approaches have been presented. To understand the motor internal flow and vortex shedding formation, steady state computational fluid dynamic performed for seven regression steps and finally, two static tests have been performed. Results show that various definitions for Strouhal number are useful only for primarily glance on vortex shedding and pressure oscillations and so CFD solution and the test program are inevitable for a correct understanding of the ballistic operational condition of the motor. Experimental results demonstrated the existence of such oscillations with frequencies nearly equal to axial modes. It seems that non-linear parameters have small effects on aeroacoustic pressure oscillation and therefore the linear solution is acceptable to obtain approximate data. Of course, it should be emphasized that linear solution represents oscillations on overall motor action time, whereas the output of non-linear solution depends on thermochemistry properties of solid propellant and combustion products. Therefore, with a non-linear solution, oscillations maybe occur in some intervals of action time. FFT (Fast Fourier Transformation) results demonstrated that although both first and second acoustic modes have been excited, the position of longitudinal oscillation has an important role on which one is dominant. 相似文献
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Lean-burn combustor is particularly susceptible to combustion instability and the unsteady heat release is usually considered as the excitation of the self-maintained thermo-acoustic oscillations. The transverse coolant injection is widely used to reduce the temperature of burnt gas, but on the other hand, it will introduce temperature fluctuation inside the combustor. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the coolant injection on combustion instability, and evaluate its dynamic feature. In this paper, Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of the self-excited pressure oscillations in a model combustor with coolant injection is carried out. The analysis of transient flow characteristics and the identification of the pressure modes confirm that one of the low frequency pressure oscillations is related to entropy fluctuations, which is known as rumble combustion instability. The LES results show that transient coolant injection is another excitation of temperature fluctuation other than unsteady combustion. The amplitude of the entropy mode oscillation increases with increasing coolant air mass whereas the change of its frequency is insignificant. According to the major feature of entropy wave oscillation caused by coolant injection, a compact coolant injection model is proposed and applied in the One Dimensional (1D) Acoustic Network Method (ANM). Key correlations used in the model match well with LES data in low frequency range. This means that the coolant injection model is a complex one reflecting the interaction of the fluctuating coolant mass, pressure and temperature. Finally, the combustion instability frequencies and modes predicted by acoustic network method are also in good agreement with LES results. 相似文献
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某型航空发动机环形燃烧室火焰筒声学模态分析 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
燃烧不稳定不仅影响航空发动机的工作稳定性,而且还是造成燃烧室火焰筒薄壁结构声振耦合疲劳破坏的重要原因.燃烧不稳定性的非稳态运动与燃烧室火焰筒的固有声学振型密切相关,因此对燃烧室火焰筒进行声学特性分析具有重要意义.为此建立了航空发动机环形燃烧室火焰筒声学有限元模型,分析了燃烧室火焰筒的声学特性.分别对常温常压下和高温高压下燃烧室火焰筒的声学模态进行了分析,获得了相应的声学固有频率和振型,为发动机燃烧室结构抗疲劳设计提供了参考. 相似文献
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单扇区、扇形、全环燃烧室热声不稳定性试验和模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
贫油分级燃烧室在单扇区、扇形、全环燃烧室试验台上均会发生自激周期性燃烧不稳定现象,但振荡模态和频率存在差异。为研究这一差异并建立三者之间的联系,同时验证热声不稳定性模拟方法,对三种试验台的燃烧不稳定性进行了试验和数值模拟研究,获得了不同试验台的振荡特性,并对数值模拟和试验结果进行了对比。结果表明:全环燃烧室存在两个失稳模态,扇形燃烧室只存在一个失稳模态,单扇区燃烧室也只存在一个失稳模态;单扇区、扇形燃烧室可以反映全环燃烧室中其中一个失稳模态,而无法反映全环燃烧室的另外一个失稳模态;三维有限元热声模拟方法准确预测了三种不同试验台的燃烧稳定性,预测的无量纲失稳频率与试验结果一致,误差在2%以内。 相似文献