Asymmetries in Mars' Exosphere

Observations and simulations show that Mars' atmosphere has large seasonal variations. Total atmospheric density can have an order of magnitude latitudinal variation at exobase heights. By numerical simulations we show that these latitude variations in exobase parameters induce asymmetries in the hydrogen exosphere that propagate to large distances from the planet. We show that these asymmetries in the exosphere produce asymmetries in the fluxes of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) and soft X-rays produced by charge exchange between the solar wind and exospheric hydrogen. This could be an explanation for asymmetries that have been observed in ENA and X-ray fluxes at Mars.     

Confronting Observations and Modeling: The Role of the Interstellar Magnetic Field in Voyager 1 and 2 Asymmetries

Magnetic effects are ubiquitous and known to be crucial in space physics and astrophysical media. We have now the opportunity to probe these effects in the outer heliosphere with the two spacecraft Voyager 1 and 2. Voyager 1 crossed, in December 2004, the termination shock and is now in the heliosheath. On August 30, 2007 Voyager 2 crossed the termination shock, providing us for the first time in-situ measurements of the subsonic solar wind in the heliosheath. With the recent in-situ data from Voyager 1 and 2 the numerical models are forced to confront their models with observational data. Our recent results indicate that magnetic effects, in particular the interstellar magnetic field, are very important in the interaction between the solar system and the interstellar medium. We summarize here our recent work that shows that the interstellar magnetic field affects the symmetry of the heliosphere that can be detected by different measurements. We combined radio emission and energetic particle streaming measurements from Voyager 1 and 2 with extensive state-of-the art 3D MHD modeling, to constrain the direction of the local interstellar magnetic field. The orientation derived is a plane ～60°–90° from the galactic plane. This indicates that the field orientation differs from that of a larger scale interstellar magnetic field, thought to parallel the galactic plane. Although it may take 7–12 years for Voyager 2 to leave the heliosheath and enter the pristine interstellar medium, the subsonic flows are immediately sensitive to the shape of the heliopause. The flows measured by Voyager 2 in the heliosheath indicate that the heliopause is being distorted by local interstellar magnetic field with the same orientation as derived previously. As a result of the interstellar magnetic field the solar system is asymmetric being pushed in the southern direction. The presence of hydrogen atoms tend to symmetrize the solutions. We show that with a strong interstellar magnetic field with our most current model that includes hydrogen atoms, the asymmetries are recovered. It remains a challenge for future works with a more complete model, to explain all the observed asymmetries by V1 and V2. We comment on these results and implications of other factors not included in our present model.     

Noise Performance of a Gated Phase-Locked Loop

The objectives of this paper are two. The first is to show that a gated phase-locked loop (GPLL) is a tracking device whose operation approximates that of a maximum likelihood estimator of the phase of a pulsed sinusoid imbedded in noise. The second is to determine the behavior of theb loop in the presence of noise. It is found that the loop performance is equivalent to that of a continuous phase-locked loop driven by the same noise, plus a continuous sinusoid which has the same power as the pulsed sinusoid at the input of the GPLL.     

Validation study of numerical simulations by comparison to measurements in piston-driven shock-tunnels

The simulation of high enthalpy flows, both experimentally and numerically, is a topic of international research efforts. It is important to understand and quantitatively describe the aerothermodynamic phenomena of high speed/high enthalpy flows in order to develop more capable reusable space transportation systems. A CFD-method is used here to model several piston driven shock tunnels used around the world to experimentally study re-entry and supersonic combustion phenomena. The results are compared to measured data (pressure and shock speed) of the various tunnels and shows that the approach is valid and is ideal for the development of new tunnel operating conditions and new tunnels. Using the numerical models, test facilities are compared to each other. For the medium enthalpy condition presented here, the tunnels produce similar test conditions, with the bigger ones having greater levels of nozzle supply pressure relative to the diaphragm rupture pressure, and greater test time.     

某型减压器安全阀持续放气故障试验研究

某型飞机氧气系统所用的集成减压器在使用过程中连续多次出现低压安全阀持续放气故障,为了分析故障原因,根据该型减压器结构和工作原理,结合对故障现象和故障树的分析,设计相关试验,提出改进措施,并进行试验验证。结果表明：减压活门的阻尼特性与减压器的输出流量不匹配是导致故障的主要原因。在大流量情况下,减压活门一直处于振动状态,使...     

应用傅里叶时间谱方法求解二维跨音速流动问题解的精度研究

为了从时间离散精度的角度评估傅里叶时间谱方法的实际计算效率,对用该方法求解二维跨音速流动问题的解进行了精度研究。通过求解Euler方程模拟俯仰振动NACA0012翼型的周期性非定常流动。结果表明:傅里叶时间谱方法可以使用很大的时间间隔较为准确地模拟有激波存在的周期性跨音速流动;对于此类流动问题,相比二阶向后差分公式法,傅里叶时间谱方法在预测翼型表面压力系数积分量特别是升力系数的时间变化规律方面具有明显的计算效率优势;用于模拟翼型表面压力系数自身的时间变化规律时,傅里叶时间谱方法具有不低于二阶向后差分公式法的计算效率。     

长微管道气体流动的近似解析解

对长微管道中压力驱动的气体流动，考虑到稀薄气体效应，给出了可压缩气体流动简化控制议程的近似解析解，得到了流动的速度分布、密度分布以及近似质量流量公式，分析了影响流量的因素。     

双旋流模型燃烧室的燃烧特性

同轴双旋流进气能建立起有利于燃烧的流场,文献[1]的结果表明,同轴的内外两股旋流反向旋转时,边界层内的紊流强度和雷诺应力很高,对强化混合和燃烧有利。据文献[2]报导,用这种双旋流改装了JT-8D火焰筒,取消了火焰筒上的主燃孔与掺混孔,试验实测的慢车状态燃烧效率高达99%。表明这种燃烧室方案在燃气轮机和工业燃烧装置中有着广阔的应用前景。本文重点研究两个径向式叶片旋流器在同轴反向旋转条件下的燃烧特性,包括燃烧效率、熄火边界和出口温度场等。      

轴流压气机转子尖部三维复杂流动Ⅱ——数值模拟研究

在实验研究和理论分析的基础上,对亚声速压气机转子尖部复杂流动做了数值模拟研究,旨在进一步深入研究叶尖间隙和进口总压分布对转子叶尖复杂流动的影响。首先通过对与实验条件相同的转子尖部复杂流动的数值模拟研究,校验了数值模拟结果,并分析了转子尖部复杂流动速度场、压力场和涡量场分布特性。然后通过改变叶尖间隙尺度和进口总压分布,研究了二者对近叶尖复杂流动的影响。研究结果表明:当叶尖间隙小于1%叶片弦长时角区旋涡的发展是导致转子失速的关键;而当叶尖间隙大于2%叶片弦长时叶尖泄漏涡的发展是导致转子失速的关键;改变进口总压分布可以合理地组织转子尖部流动并扩大转子工作裕度。此外,通过观测近叶片吸力面二维涡线的发展趋势可以判断叶尖复杂流动的发展状态。     

复杂区域内粘性流动的数值计算

本文应用原始变量法(SIMPLEC)计算了复杂区域内的不可压和可压缩流动问题。计算时,仍使用交错网格,但在求解动量方程时采用协变分量做为原始变量,有效地消除了在任意非正交坐标系下压力和笛卡尔速度分量不耦合而产生的压力波动。在压力修正方程中考虑了密度的影响并构造出一种密度的迎风格式,保证了计算的稳定与收敛,使之预示马赫数变化范围较大的流动成为可能。对由NACA65(12A10)10构成的平面叶栅、由NGTE10C4/30C50构成的平面叶栅的不可压缩流动和平面超声速缩放喷管进行了计算。结果表明,本方法有较好的收敛性和准确性,能够适用于从亚音速到超音速的流动场合,有一定实用价值。      

二维超声速横侧喷流湍流数值模拟

采用AUSM -up格式模拟了二维超声速横侧喷流干扰流场.比较了SA、SST和EASM湍流模型对分离流动的模拟精度.通过调节喷流出口压力,研究了喷流参数对分离区大小、物面压力分布以及喷流喷射高度的影响.同实验对比发现:SST和EASM湍流模型在低压力比下能够比较准确模拟分离区,但是在高压力比下,湍流模型对分离区的模拟精度较差.     

低速轴流压气机进口总压畸变与旋转失速关联的实验研究

在低速三级轴流压气机实验台上自行设计了进口总压畸变发生装置, 构造了稳态和动态测量方案, 并对实验数据进行了详尽分析.着重研究了进口总压畸变对压气机特性及失速过程的影响.结果表明, 压气机失速点不仅与畸变强度有关, 而且与畸变方位也相互关联;适当进口总压畸变会诱发压气机在失速前产生大尺度扰动, 但没有对失速频率构成影响.      

导弹水下发射时喷管的气体流动

针对导弹水下发射时喷管的气体流动问题，建立了水下喷管流的简化模型，定性地研究水环境的惯性对水下喷管内气体流动造成的阻滞作用。计算显示受阻滞流量△Q及受阻滞时间△t和喷管的喉部面积At呈幂函数关系，固定其他参数仅改变水深，△Q及△t和进口处气体的滞止压力p0与当地水下静压之间的压力差也有幂函数关系。结果表明喷管所处的水下深度越大，喷管内气体流动受阻滞状况也就越严重，而减小喉部面积At和适当增加膨胀比Ab/At以及增加滞止压力po，均有助于改善水环境对喷管喷出气体造成的阻滞状况。     

On the Velocity and Intensity Asymmetries of Solar P-Mode Lines

We show that to explain the opposite line asymmetries shown by the velocity and intensity spectra, it is necessary to solve the full non-adiabatic problem which is at least of the fourth order. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

再人飞行器脉动压力环境的分析与预测

本文分析了机动再入飞行器因非定常空气动力流动引起的物面脉动压力环境,并根据高超声速无粘流计算的表面压力分布,给出了一套预测各种脉动压力环境统计特性的工程计算公式。算例表明,预测的均方根脉动压力、功率谱密度和交叉功率谱密度与实验值是一致的。     

Mass flows in coronal loops

Although static loop models are often used to describe the structure of coronal loops, it is evident on both observational and theoretical grounds that mass motions play a crucial role in the physics of the corona and transition region. First we review the observations of emission-line broadening and wavelength shifts, which imply the presence of random motions and systematic downflows in coronal loops. Some discrepancies in the observations are discussed. It is argued that velocities due to gas pressure gradients are the most likely explanation for the observed flows. A number of models that have been proposed for these motions are reviewed. The implications of the various models on observations of the corona and transition region by SOHO are discussed.     

Stationary flows in coronal loops

We present a study of stationary flows in closed solar coronal loops. The hydrodynamic differential equations of plasma flow and energy balance are integrated with algorithms which achieve high reliability. We present here results on the detailed synthesis of loop emission in specific bands and lines, taking into account also non-equilibrium ionization.     

Bayesian uncertainty analysis of SA turbulence model for supersonic jet interaction simulations

The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) models are still the workhorse in current engineering applications due to its high efficiency and robustness. However, the closure coefficients of RANS turbulence models are determined by model builders according to some simple fundamental flows, and the suggested values may not be applicable to complex flows, especially supersonic jet interaction flow. In this work, the Bayesian method is employed to recalibrate the closure coefficients of Spalart-Allma...     

SOHO contribution to the understanding of mass supply and flows in the solar corona

We expect a variety of dynamic phenomena in the quiescent non-flaring corona. Plasma flows, such as siphon flows or convective flows of chromospheric material evaporating into the corona, are expected whenever a pressure differences is established either between the footpoints or between the coronal and chromospheric segments of a coronal loop. Such flows can induce phenomena of spatial and temporal brightness variability of the corona. In particular, evaporation induces a net mass input into the corona and consequently coronal density enhancements. Flows are also expected in the regions where energy is released during magnetic reconnection. From the observational point of view the dynamics of the solar atmosphere has been investigated in great detail mostly in the lower transition region with the HRTS, and during flares with theSolar Maximum Mission andYohkoh. The high spectral, temporal and spatial resolution of theSOHO ultraviolet spectrometers should enable us in the near future to fill the gap providing a continuous coverage from the chromosphere to the corona, in the 10⁴–10⁶ K domain, and therefore to best study the dynamics throughout the solar atmosphere.     

脉冲爆震涡轮发动机研究进展

介绍了脉冲爆震涡轮发动机的基本概念、主要结构形式以及基本特点.详细介绍了国内外研究状况及课题组的最新研究进展,对脉冲爆震涡轮发动机需要突破的关键技术、主要研究内容以及发展途径进行了探讨.研究表明:相比于传统的涡轮喷气发动机,脉冲爆震涡轮发动机的耗油率能降低5%~15%;在相同的燃烧室入口条件下,与等压燃烧驱动涡轮相比,用脉冲爆震燃烧驱动涡轮时的涡轮的单位输出功率要高;实现了由脉冲爆震燃烧室驱动涡轮,涡轮带动压气机给脉冲爆震燃烧室供气的自吸气模式,表明用脉冲爆震燃烧室代替传统等压燃烧室是完全可行的.