应用分支和突变理论对飞机空间机动稳定性的研究

 本文应用分支和突变理论,研究了飞机空间机动全局稳定性,导出了求解滚转速率临界稳定值的解析公式,分析了非线性跳跃现象和周期性振荡现象,并找出了这两种现象产生的原因。     

无人机飞控软件测试方法研究

飞控软件是无人机飞行控制系统的控制神经中枢,对无人机飞控软件进行有效的测试是保证飞控系统质量的重要手段.根据某型无人机飞控软件及其开发特点,提出一种与软件开发过程同步的、基于多个测试环境的软件测试模型,重点阐述该模型涉及的单元和配置项测试方法.测试结果表明,提出的测试模型,测试工作能有效地发现无人机飞控软件在不同开发阶段引入的不同类型的软件缺陷,有效地保障了无人机飞控软件的安全性、可靠性和质量.     

数字化技术在波音737飞机尾段制造中的应用

论述了沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司(简称沈飞)在新一代波音737飞机尾段上数字化技术的研究与应用,以及实施数字化技术的理念和成果。着重论述了数字传递过程、工艺、工装设计制造方面的应用。     

基于XML技术的结冰后飞机纵向稳定性计算

飞机结冰会使飞机的空气动力学性能恶化,严重影响飞机的稳定性和操纵性.因此,计算飞机稳定性对于保障飞机飞行安全具有重要的意义.本文通过基于XML建模语言技术,建立结冰后飞机气动增量模块计算飞机纵向稳定性.结果表明,用此方法可以方便快捷地计算飞机纵向稳定性.     

飞机环控温控系统的半物理仿真及在机电综合管理技术研究中的应用

机载机电系统综合控制管理(简称公管系统)是机载机电设备发展的必然趋势,为了研究公管系统对机电子系统的控制、管理功能,需要对子系统进行建模仿真。本文针对某型飞机环控温度控制系统工作过程对环控温度控制系统关键附件进行了数学建模,同时针对某课题研究内容的需要,研究如何采用半物理仿真的方法对飞机环控温度控制系统进行系统建模和环境仿真并进行了系统仿真验证试验,最后给出结论。     

Analysis of conventional and asymmetric aircraft configurations using CEASIOM

One of the main drivers behind the SimSAC project and the CEASIOM software is to bring stability analysis and control system design earlier into the aircraft conceptual design process. Within this paper two very different aircraft are considered, a conventional T-tail based on the existing EA500 Very Light Jet and the second, a novel Z-wing configuration known as the GAV or general aviation vehicle. The first aircraft serves as a baseline comparison for the second, and the cruise case is considered as a benchmark for identifying potential drag reductions and aircraft stability characteristics. CEASIOM, the Computerised Environment for Aircraft Synthesis and Integrated Optimisation Methods, is used to generate aerodynamic data sets for both aircraft, create trim conditions and the associated linear models for classical stability analysis. The open-loop Z-wing configuration is shown to display both highly unstable and coupled modes before a multivariable Stability Augmentation System (SAS) is applied both to decouple and stabilise the aircraft. Within this paper, these two aircraft provide a test case with which to demonstrate the capabilities of the CEASIOM environment and the tools which have been developed during the SimSAC project. This new software suite is shown to allow conceptual development of unconventional novel configurations from mass properties through adaptive-fidelity aerodynamics to linear analysis and control system design.     

Terrain intervisibility-believe it or not?

Computer generated digital maps with terrain intervisibility displays are becoming a common addition to aircraft cockpits. Also known as masking plots, these displays show dangerous regions exposed to threats, highlight terrain visible from the current (or future) aircraft location, and keep track of regions hidden from view during searches with various types of sensors. High resolution displays of semi-transparent intervisibility overlaid on sharp clear digital maps are very convincing but can they be believed? Not completely. Intervisibility displays serve a valuable function. But to build and use these systems wisely, it is good to understand the errors and limitations involved. At LMFS, we have integrated digital maps from other companies into avionics systems such as Army Special Operations Aircraft and MH-53J, and have analyzed the errors associated with the use of level 1 and level 2 terrain elevation data from the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA). We have also developed a number of real-time intervisibility and probabilistic intervisibility functions using a hybrid of multiresolution techniques and algorithms to obtain the best results possible for a given set of computer resources. This paper explores some of the problems, solutions, and human/machine interface considerations associated with the generation and use of intervisibility     

Active fault-tolerant control strategy of large civil aircraft under elevator failures

Aircraft longitudinal control is the most important actuation system and its failures would lead to catastrophic accident of aircraft. This paper proposes an active fault-tolerant control(AFTC) strategy for civil aircraft with different numbers of faulty elevators. In order to improve the fault-tolerant flight control system performance and effective utilization of the control surface, trimmable horizontal stabilizer(THS) is considered to generate the extra pitch moment. A suitable switching mechanism with performance improvement coefficient is proposed to determine when it is worthwhile to utilize THS. Furthermore, AFTC strategy is detailed by using model following technique and the proposed THS switching mechanism. The basic fault-tolerant controller is designed to guarantee longitudinal control system stability and acceptable performance degradation under partial elevators failure. The proposed AFTC is applied to Boeing 747-200 numerical model and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed AFTC approach.     

舰尾流影响下的舰载机着舰控制与仿真研究

舰载机着舰时处于“低速大迎角下滑”的飞行状态,飞机的操纵性下降,加上舰尾雄鸡尾流的干扰,如果不能很好地控制很可能造成着舰失败。搭建考虑高度影响的舰载机着舰动力学模型,从“力与运动的动态关系”和“能量转换”两个角度进行舰载机着舰过程物理机理的研究,并利用模糊PID控制器的快速收敛能力对比分析迎角、速度和高度三个反馈量,升降舵和油门杆两个控制量,共六个控制通道的控制机理和内在关系,得出它们的优劣势和适用情况。进行有风扰动下的控制仿真及分析,筛选出油门杆高度反馈PID控制器作为舰尾流扰动下的控制系统,仿真结果验证了该控制器的有效性。     

Modeling and simulating aircraft stability and control—The SimSAC project

This paper overviews the SimSAC Project, Simulating Aircraft Stability And Control Characteristics for Use in Conceptual Design. It reports on the three major tasks: development of design software, validating the software on benchmark tests and applying the software to design exercises. CEASIOM, the Computerized Environment for Aircraft Synthesis and Integrated Optimization Methods, is a framework tool that integrates discipline-specific tools for conceptual design. At this early stage of the design it is very useful to be able to predict the flying and handling qualities of this design. In order to do this, the aerodynamic database needs to be computed for the configuration being studied, which then has to be coupled to the stability and control tools to carry out the analysis. The benchmarks for validation are the F12 windtunnel model of a generic long-range airliner and the TCR windtunnel model of a sonic-cruise passenger transport concept. The design, simulate and evaluate (DSE) exercise demonstrates how the software works as a design tool. The exercise begins with a design specification and uses conventional design methods to prescribe a baseline configuration. Then CEASIOM improves upon this baseline by analyzing its flying and handling qualities. Six such exercises are presented.     

General aviation aircraft avionics: integration & system tests

The avionics of current-day aircraft is termed as modular integrated full glass cockpit. Unlike lots of dials and gauges, the pilot will interact with Multi-Function Displays (MYD). This means that the systems are coupled with multi-function displays, communication and navigation radios with control units, multi-mode interactive instruments for control and navigation, recording and fault management systems, airframes and health monitoring diagnostic capabilities. Pilot Vehicle Interface (PVI) is an important measure of good avionics and cockpit layout, which implies the optimization of man-machine interface, enhancement of the economy, and safety of flight operations. This presents the avionics architecture of a 14-seat Light Transport Aircraft (LTA) for general aviation, which has multi-role commuter capabilities. LTA is a twin turbo-prop, multi-role aircraft, with air taxi and commuter services as its primary roles. The avionics is built on the digital communication mode for both command and control with current requirements of TCAS, digital Autopilot, and AMLCD multi-purpose glass displays. The LTA Avionics suite is grouped into six major groups based on functionality: Display System, Communication System, Navigation System, Recording System, Radar System, and Engine instruments and other cockpit displays. This paper also covers details about the extensive tests carried out to prove the avionics design in terms of functionality, inter-operability, interference, and compatibility. Various practical integration and flight-test issues, methodologies, and details of the scenarios is presented herein.     

Conceptual design and flight test of two wingtip-docked multi-body aircraft

To overcome the drawbacks such as large wing deformations, poor performance encountering gusts, limits in taking off and landing, inconvenience of transportation of High-Altitude Long-Endurance (HALE) Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), a new conceptual aircraft called wingtip-docked Multi-Body Aircraft (MBA) has attracted lots of attentions. Aiming to investigate the feasibility of this concept, two UAV models were designed, manufactured and connected by a wingtip-docking mechanism, which only allows the relative roll motion between the two aircraft. The trim solution of the two connected aircraft is firstly obtained by solving the developed nonlinear flight dynamic equations, followed by the stability analysis based on the linearized model. The results show that the connected aircraft is inherently unstable and cannot fly without a reasonable flight control system. A set of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control laws was then developed and implemented in the two experimental aircraft. The success of the flight tests show that the flight control can effectively eliminate the unstable motion and the wingtip-docked MBA is controllable and feasible.     

飞机直接力控制模态综合及转换

具有CCV功能的直接力控制飞机,根据不同作战场合或完成某种特殊飞行功能的需要,飞行员按压所需的状态按钮,即可实现常规状态、直接升力、机身平移、机身俯仰、机动增强诸模态之间的转换。本文在微处理机单独实现各模态控制功能基础上,对各模态功能进行综合,指出模态转换的实现技术。本课题的混合仿真试验表明,各模态转换功能正常,模态转换瞬间飞机动态变化符合要求。本文为直接力控制技术的具体实施,或为一般的飞行控制状态切换提供一种可行的技术方案。     

低速颤振模型的动力学特性设计

飞机在打样设计阶段除了需要满足结构强度和刚度要求外 ,还必须满足颤振稳定性要求。根据相似理论 ,并利用结构优化设计方法 ,对某机翼低速颤振吹风模型的动力特性 (模型的一阶弯曲、一阶扭转和二阶弯曲频率 )进行了设计。此方法改变了仅凭经验反复试凑的设计调参方法 ,提高了模型设计的效率 ,缩短了设计周期 ,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

带应急气囊直升机水上漂浮稳性研究

为了研究带应急气囊直升机完整和破损情况下水上漂浮的横向稳定性,首先通过等排水量理论计算方法分析带应急气囊完整直升机的横向静稳定性和动稳定性,并研究了直升机重心不同位置对稳定性的影响,得出了重心处于后限、重心离水面越近时,直升机具有更好稳定性的结论;其次,在直升机破损情况下,建立直升机与破损舱室的模型,得出了破损直升机的漂浮稳性;最后通过其破损条件,对破损直升机漂浮时间进行了分析。     

基于人机闭环稳定性的舵机速率限制边界

舵机速率限制是造成电传操纵飞机人机耦合的主要原因。利用描述函数法对舵机速率限制非线性进行建模,分析舵机速率限制非线性、人机耦合发生频率及人机闭环稳定性间的关系,并基于此提出舵机速率边界的确定方法;以典型放宽静稳定性飞机为例,基于最优McRuer驾驶员模型,确定人机闭环稳定性所需的最小舵机偏转速率;基于开环起始点(OLOP)准则对所确定的速率限制边界进行验证。结果表明:本文提出的舵机速率边界的确定方法最小成本地避免了人机耦合;所确定的舵机速率限制边界与OLOP准则边界对应的舵机速率基本吻合,即所建立的舵机速率限制边界确定方法合理。     

飞机舱盖重心位置对舱盖抛放轨迹影响的数值模拟

 通过求解雷诺平均N-S方程,应用嵌套动网格技术结合6-DOF运动方程,成功实现了F/A-18C战机的座舱盖抛放轨迹的数值模拟。同时,分析了座舱盖重心位置的不同对舱盖飞行轨迹和飞行姿态的影响,得出F/A-18C战机座舱盖的重心后移能缩短抛放时间,优化飞行轨迹的结论。     

论机动飞机机体/进气道一体化

机动飞机／发动机一体化,一直是多年来国际上研制高机动性战斗机中不容忽视的一项重大课题,目的在于提高发动机包括进气道、尾喷管在内的推进系统的工作效率和稳定性。列举了国外的一些型号,特别是有分叉进气道战斗机在研制中必须加以考虑的一体化问题,并从设计原理的角度,给出了一些旨在提高性能与安全性的可供选择的进气道构形。     

BW—1变稳飞机飞行品质试验研究

本文论述利用BW-1变稳飞机对人感特性与短周期特性及其组合进行的大量的地面模拟试验和空中飞行试验。由驾驶员操纵飞机完成特定的任务,通过大量的客观试验数据和驾驶员的主观评定(评定等级和建议),研究纵向操纵品质特性,使中国驾驶员对库珀—哈珀评定标准有了进一步的认识,给出了一些结论和建议。     

Reconfigurable fault-tolerant control for supersonic missiles with actuator failures under actuation redundancy

Aircraft undergoing actuator failures into under-actuation have been seldom studied in literature. Aiming at addressing actuator failures of Total Loss of Effectiveness (TLOE) as well as Partial Loss of Effectiveness (PLOE) resulting in different system actuations, reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) is proposed for supersonic wingless missiles under actuation redundancy. The under-actuated system of TLOE failure patterns is solved by transformation to cascade systems through a ‘shape variable’. Meanwhile, actuator TLOE faults of different unknown failure patterns from proper actuation to under-actuation are accommodated by a reconfigurable adaptive law on a multiple-model basis. The backstepping technique with the Extended State Observer (ESO) method adopted as a basic strategy is applied to an established symmetric coupled missile system with actuator PLOE faults, modeling errors, and external disturbances. Additionally, the nonlinear saturation characteristics of actuators are settled by an auxiliary system with the Nussbaum function technique. The stability of the control system is analyzed and proven through Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations are implemented in the presences of aerodynamic uncertainties, gust disturbance, and actuator failures. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with satisfactory tracking performance and actuator fault tolerance capacity.