相敏检波法在硬支承动平衡检测中的应用

为了检测硬支承情况下转子的不平衡量,针对目前常用相敏检波电路的缺点,提出了一种模拟乘法器式检测转子旋转过程中不平衡量大小和相位的相敏检波法。描述了此方法的原理,运用此方法设计了检测电路,实现了预期的目的。     

相位偏移干涉测量中移相误差补偿技术研究

 在相位偏移干涉测量技术中,一阶线性和二阶非线性移相误差是产生相位检测误差的主要因素。在研究移相误差对相位偏移干涉法测量精度影响的基础上,提出五步移相算法一阶线性和二阶非线性移相误差补偿技术。该方法从相位偏移干涉图中拟和出移相过程中存在的移相误差,对五幅算法结果进行误差修正。试验证明移相器存在 10%一阶线性误差和 1 %二阶非线性误差时,五幅算法相位检测误差为 0.12弧度;采用该补偿方法可以将相位测量精度减少到 0.02弧度,相当于采用氦氖激光器的倍程干涉仪中位移测量精度从 6.0 nm提高到 1 nm。     

一种矢量调制移相器的反馈补偿设计方法

针对矢量调制移相器存在的移相误差和增益波动问题,提出一种矢量调制移相器的反馈补偿设计方法.在分析了矢量调制的移相原理及影响移相精度和增益稳定性的误差因素的基础上,根据反馈补偿原理对误差因素进行补偿校正.首先通过自动化的测试和处理流程,得到移相器的相位和增益误差特性表,然后将该误差特性表反馈至移相器监控单元,最后监控单元利用插值算法和归一化原理实现对误差量的补偿校正.对采用该方法设计的移相器进行实际测试,结果表明：其移相精度小于1°,增益随相位变化波动小于0.4 dB,对比补偿校正之前,移相精度和增益稳定性得到了大幅提高和改善,从而验证了该方法的有效性.     

提高旋转式电场仪测量电场特性的方法研究

在介绍旋转式电场仪测量电场强度的机理及测量系统构成的基础上,针对在特高压直流输电线路下地面合成电场测量中,各电场仪的输出电压与被测电场强度的特性曲线不一致,外场较恶劣测量环境对测量结果造成干扰影响测量准确度等问题,提出了相应的解决方法（特性曲线归一化处理和双路消噪差动测量法）。所述方法便于用户现场使用,提高了旋转式电场仪抗干扰能力和测量准确度。     

基于电压电流混合模型的新型磁链观测器

针对传统磁链观测器存在的积分饱和及直流漂移等问题,提出一种改进的电压电流混合模型磁链观测器。通过对定子磁链观测器的理论分析,对传统电压模型积分方法进行改进并结合电流模型磁链观测器,提出了基于电压电流混合模型的磁链观测器,可以在全速范围内观测到精确的定子磁链,解决了在不同转速下,直流偏置、幅值衰减和相位偏移等问题。混合磁链观测器在中速区存在相位误差,引进补偿环节,对混合模型的输出结果进行相位补偿,降低了饱和效应引起的误差影响,提高了磁链观测器的动态性能。通过仿真对比,验证了改进混合模型磁链观测器在永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制中的可行性和优越性。     

高精度测角系统细分误差分析

本文介绍以圆感应同步器作为测角传感器，用鉴幅型开环数显系统进行相对测量的测角系统，该系统能在快速转动下动态测量方位角，文章对信号处理系统的基本原理及其一些重要环节作了简要说明。对该系统存在的细分误差，重点从理论上进行了分析并推导了幅值误差和相位误差，根据推导结论，提出了进行细分误差补偿的方法，最后着重描述了系数调节和相位补偿的设计方法，该方法用在所承担的研制任务中，经过试验证明，得到了令人满意的结     

PCM系统中数字相敏检波器的设计与仿真

在PCM（埋地管道电流测绘）系统中，实际的信号采集需要解决在非常恶劣的环境中对ELF（甚低频）信号的精确测量的问题。传统的方法一般都采用APSD（模拟相敏检波器）来实现，然而在实际的电路中用模拟相敏检波器效果并不是很理想，结果存在严重的误差。针对目前模拟相敏检波器存在的问题，设计一种DPSD（数字相敏检波器）实现消除PCM系统中ELF信号中工频干扰的目的。该检波器能有效的克服模拟相敏检波器的缺点，更精确的进行微弱信号的检测，最后使用MATLAB仿真软件对模拟和数字相敏检波器进行了仿真比较。     

天线组阵中SUMPLE算法的合成相位漂移补偿

针对SUMPLE算法在低信噪比时存在的相位漂移问题,在分析权值估计误差引起的合成信号相位漂移现象的基础上,提出一种以固定时刻合成权值作为参考的补偿算法。该算法以收敛后某个固定时刻的合成权值作为参考,其他时刻的相位补偿值通过与该参考权值进行相关计算得到。从理论上分析了该算法的可行性,并进行仿真验证。理论分析与仿真结果表明,所给出的相位补偿方法能有效地消除合成信号的相位漂移现象,补偿后的合成信号相位中心稳定。     

基于转子磁场定向矢量控制的感应电机改进磁链观测方法

传统的磁链观测方法通常采用低通滤波器取代电压模型的纯积分环节,由于其易于实现,较多应用于工程实践。但其忽略了直流偏置,并随之引入了相位偏差以及幅值上的误差。针对这一现象,提出改进磁链观测的方法,采用高通与低通滤波环节串联的方式,在此基础上推导出相对应的相位及幅值的偏差补偿策略,解决了直流偏置问题。最后通过仿真和试验对所述方法进行有效性和准确性的验证。     

基于最小熵的多通道SAR系统相位误差估计与补偿

采用多通道合成的方法来增加信号带宽,是提高合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统距离分辨率的一种有效技术手段。针对多通道间相位失配的问题,建立了通道相位误差的频域多项式模型,提出了一种基于最小熵的通道相位误差估计与补偿方法。以距离向压缩脉冲图像的信息熵作为目标函数,误差多项式系数为估计变量,基于最小熵准则建立了相位误差的最优化估计模型。该方法能有效弥补内定标或外定标方法的不足,且不依赖于成像场景的地物类型,只需抽取少量回波数据作为误差估计的样本,具有耗费存储空间少、收敛速度快、不损失信噪比的优点。对不同场景的八通道实测数据进行了处理,实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性和稳健性。     

一种超高分辨率机载聚束SAR两维自聚焦算法

受运动参数测量误差和大气扰动等因素影响,合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像通常会发生散焦,利用自聚焦对散焦的SAR图像进行后处理是一种有效的重聚焦手段。传统的自聚焦算法都只是针对方位一维相位误差的估计和补偿。随着成像分辨率的提高,自聚焦时残留距离徙动的校正成为SAR成像面临的一个新挑战。本文推导得到了极坐标格式算法处理后残留距离徙动和方位相位误差的解析表达式,分析了两者之间的内在关系,并利用该关系,提出了一种能够同时进行残留距离徙动和方位相位误差补偿的两维自聚焦算法。实测数据处理结果表明,在残留距离徙动效应不可忽略的条件下,该方法能够极大地改善原有自聚焦算法的聚焦性能。     

PAM approach to weak CPM and its application to flight termination receivers

A method for computing the PAM representation for weak continuous phase modulation (CPM) is presented and applied to the modulation defined in the enhanced flight termination system (EFTS) standard. The pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) representation was used to formulate a reduced-complexity detector whose performance is within 0.7 dB of maximum likelihood detection and 5.6 dB better than limiter-discriminator detection in the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) environment. The complexity of the reduced-complexity detector is less than 25% that of the maximum likelihood detector but, unlike the limiter-discriminator detector, requires a carrier phase PLL. In the presence of phase noise, the reduced-complexity detector outperforms limiter-discriminator detection when the RMS frequency deviation due to phase noise is less than 10% of the bit rate.     

Maximum-Likelihood Detection of Unresolved Radar Targets and Multipath

Interference in the form of multipath or uncooperative targets can seriously degrade the angle-of-arrival estimation accuracy of mutiplebeam processors. In this paper, the generalized likelihood ratio test is used to derive a test to detect the presence of interference for multiple beam processors. The detector performance is then analyzed in detail with respect to its dependence on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), signal-to-interference ration (SIR), and on the relative phase between the target and interfering signals. It is shown that good detection performance can be obtained unless the phase difference between the target and interference signals is either in or out of phase.     

相位检测误差对核磁共振陀螺输出频率的影响

针对核磁共振陀螺中采用相位检测方案时可能引起额外频率误差的问题,提出了通过控制电子顺磁共振失谐量及静磁场扰动来抑制额外频率误差的方案。基于Bloch方程,推导了惰性气体原子系综输出频率的表达式,并将相位检测的过程包含在内。建立了考虑相位检测误差的核磁共振陀螺频率误差方程,给出了相位检测引入的额外频率误差表达式并进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,通过设定合适的共振失谐量,其额外频率误差至少可以抑制1个数量级,而通过精确地抑制静磁场的一阶及二阶扰动,可以进一步抑制1～3个数量级,将额外频率误差降低到nHz量级。     

机载聚束式SAR中空变相差的分析

总结了聚束式SAR随空间变化的相位误差的自聚焦补偿方法,并通过分析当目标存在一定运动时所产生的相位误差而分析了聚束式SAR的空变相差的来源、散焦、对成像和图像质量的影响。文中给出了空变相差的数学模型,通过理论推导得到了相应的结论,仿真计算则证实了所得的结论。这些结论将直接应用于对已有空变相差自聚焦方法的改进,从而得到更为精确、高效、实用的空变相差自聚焦补偿算法。     

双基地角时变下的ISAR稀疏孔径自聚焦成像

针对双基地角时变下的逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像分辨率低以及稀疏孔径存在相位误差引起图像散焦等问题,提出了一种基于贝叶斯压缩感知（BCS）的双基地ISAR稀疏孔径自聚焦高分辨成像算法。在平动补偿后回波数据的基础上,首先构造补偿相位将由双基地角时变引起的多普勒偏移补偿掉,然后构造随双基地角变化的稀疏基矩阵,建立基于压缩感知的双基地ISAR稀疏孔径观测模型,并将相位误差作为ISAR成像的模型误差,接着假设目标图像各像元服从Laplace先验、噪声统计特性服从Gaussian分布,利用贝叶斯推理进行"分布式"迭代求解,在高分辨成像的同时实现了相位自聚焦,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性和优越性。     

M-ary CPSK Detection with Noisy Reference and Interferences

A general expression of the error probability on an M-ary coherent phase-shift-keyed (MCPSK) signal purturbed by a noisy reference carrier, multiple interferences, and additive Gaussian noise is presented taking into account the frequencey divider in the carrier recovery circuit. First, a new expression for the probability density function (pdf) of the phase of a composite wave of signal, multiple interferences, and additive Gaussian noise is derived. Then this result and a pdf of the phase error modified from the Tikhonov distribution are used to obtain the erro probability of an MCPSK detector. In addition, the comparison between the error probabilities with and without the frequency divider is given, and it is found that the estimation is more pessimistic when the frequency divider is included.     

Monopulse Radar Angle Tracking Accuracy with Sum Channel Limiting

The variance of angle tracking error is found for an amplitude-comparison form of monopulse radar when the sum channel contains a limiter prior to the angle error detector. The error expression is valid for any shape of transmitted pulse and any duration of range tracking gate but does assume matched filters in signal processing channels. The procedures used are rigorous and an example of results is worked out for the special case of a rectangular transmitted pulse envelope. It is shown, for rectangular pulses, that achievable angle tracking error variance with sum channel limiting is not more than 2.22 dB larger than the theoretical minimum for any processor and not more than 1.29 dB larger than a similar signal processor that uses a "linear" angle error detector. Results apply for large single-pulse signal-to-noise ratio.     

Beam-pointing error compensation method of phased array radar seeker with phantom-bit technology

A phased array radar seeker (PARS) must be able to effectively decouple body motion and accurately extract the line-of-sight (LOS) rate for target missile tracking.In this study,the real time two-channel beam pointing error (BPE) compensation method of PARS for LOS rate extraction is designed.The PARS discrete beam motion principium is analyzed,and the mathematical model of beam scanning control is finished.According to the principle of the antenna element shift phase,both the antenna element shift phase law and the causes of beam-pointing error under phantom-bit conditions are analyzed,and the effect of BPE caused by phantom-bit technology (PBT) on the extraction accuracy of the LOS rate is examined.A compensation method is given,which includes coordinate transforms,beam angle margin compensation,and detector dislocation angle calculation.When the method is used,the beam angle margin in the pitch and yaw directions is calculated to reduce the effect of the missile body disturbance and to improve LOS rate extraction precision by compensating for the detector dislocation angle.The simulation results validate the proposed method.     

Numerical Results on the Convergence of Relative Efficiencies

This paper considers the detection of a known constant signal in an additive non-Gaussian noise under the assumptions of discrete time and statistically independent noise samples. The objective is to determine how large sample size must be before the easily computed asymptotic relative efficiency becomes a valid measure of performance. The exact small-sample error probabilities are calculated for a Neyman-Pearson optimal nonlinear detector consisting of a zeromemory nonlinearity followed by summation and threshold comparison. "Large-tailed" noise having a double exponential distribution is used as an example. The exact distribution of the test statistics for a linear detector and for the Neyman-Pearson optimal detector are calculated. Then the relative efficiency of the Neyman-Pearson optimal detector, as compared to a linear detector, is computed in order to study the rate of approach of the relative efficiency to its asymptotic value.