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胡晓煜 《燃气涡轮试验与研究》2005,18(2):49-55
2004年,吸气式推进技术取得了很大进展。有大量的民用发动机获得或接近获得FAA合格证.F135和F136联合攻击机发动机都进行了全尺寸的发动机地面台架试车,发动机技术计划继续取得成功,采用超燃冲压发动机的X-43在第2次和第3次飞行试验中成功验证了可控加速飞行,达到了M7和M10的飞行速度。 相似文献
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基于一维流体动力学守恒关系模型和燃烧化学平衡流动假设,建立了超燃冲压发动机内推力、比冲与尾喷管出口压力的关联式,消除了以往实验中存在的超燃冲压发动机性能评估的困难。利用该关系式对超燃冲压发动机燃烧室实验模型推力增益进行了计算,通过与实验测量值的对比,校核了燃烧效率。对配合现有燃烧室模型、进气道和尾喷管的一体化发动机推力性能进行了评估,获得了发动机内推力系数、比冲与尾喷管出口压力关系曲线,为超燃冲压发动机性能快速评估和优化设计提供依据。 相似文献
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在发动机控制系统设计中,为了缩短设计周期、降低研发成本,需要建立面向控制的、较为精确的、实时性高的超燃冲压发动机性能计算模型,以保证模型精度、提高计算速度为研究目标,基于多核高性能计算仿真平台,开展了面向控制的超燃冲压发动机一维模型实时性优化工作。运用简化计算流程、改进C语言程序、开拓缓存区等方法有效提高了一维模型计算速度。创新性地尝试了计算流体力学并行化方法,对隔离段和燃烧室一维模型进行结构分解。计算网格平衡分配至多个中央处理器,并借助核间数据通讯实现多核并行计算。与串行模型计算结果对比,七核并行计算模型性能参数偏差不超过0.1%,全工况仿真时间小于30ms,计算耗时较优化前缩短了75%以上。实时性优化后的多核并行模型计算精度高、速度快、收敛性好,可以作为超燃冲压发动机控制系统设计和半实物仿真验证平台。 相似文献
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为研究超燃冲压发动机冷却通道内复杂碳氢燃料的可压缩流动特性及相关影响因素,本文在典型工况条件下讨论了超声速膨胀流中真实气体效应的影响。基于平衡热力学理论,明确了气体动力学基础导数对可压缩流动的关键影响,并从气体动力学基础导数的角度出发考察了多种碳氢燃料在临界点附近的特性。同时,在数值模拟程序中耦合了立方型状态方程以准确描述超临界碳氢燃料的热物性参数。最后,对超临界条件下的二维超声速膨胀流进行了数值模拟,捕捉到了超声速扩张管道流动中马赫数下降的现象并揭示了其相应的物理机制。此外,参考发动机冷却通道内的典型工况条件,系统考察了不同入口马赫数、压力与温度等不同来流条件下真实气体效应的影响规律。 相似文献
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Thermodynamic characteristics are of great importance for the performance of a high-temperature flow-rate control valve,as high-temperature environment may bring problems,such as blocking of spool and increasing of leakage,to the valve.In this paper,a high-temperature flow-rate control valve,pilot-controlled by a pneumatic servo system is developed to control the fuel supply for scramjet engines.After introducing the construction and working principle,the thermodynamic mathematical models of the valve are built based on the heat transfer methods inside the valve.By using different boundary conditions,different methods of simulations are carried out and compared.The steady-state and transient temperature field distribution inside the valve body are predicted and temperatures at five interested points are measured.By comparing the simulation and experimental results,a reasonable 3D finite element analysis method is suggested to predict the thermodynamic characteristics of the high-temperature flow-rate control valve. 相似文献
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采用飞机/发动机一体化分析方法,开展了两种典型组合循环发动机方案(方案一为涡轮/亚燃冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机,方案二为涡轮/引射冲压/双模态超燃冲压组合发动机)总体性能对比研究。基于给定的马赫数为65巡航的高超声速飞行器的飞行任务需求,进行了约束分析与任务分析,优选出满足约束条件下的飞行器起飞推质比和机翼载荷,得到了相应的飞行器起飞总质量和海平面起飞推力,并进行了两种方案的对比研究。结果表明:在完成相同的飞行任务下,方案一的起飞总质量与方案二相当,前者比后者减小了26%;方案一的起飞推力比方案二高出103%;基于涡轮发动机水平,方案一和方案二分别需要采用两台海平面起飞推力为129kN和119kN量级的涡轮发动机。此外,飞行器起飞总质量随巡航距离增加而显著增加,巡航距离为4000km时,两种方案的起飞总质量将达到85t左右。 相似文献
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Nb-Si基超高温合金由于熔点高、密度低和优良的高温强度等特点受到广泛关注,极具作为下一代高推重比航空发动机和超然冲压发动机的热端部件用材料的潜力.本文主要介绍了国内外在合金化、粉末冶金、定向凝固和热处理工艺对Nb-Si基合金组织和性能影响等方面的研究现状,并展望了其发展趋势. 相似文献
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用流动项与化学反应生成源项解耦处理的化学非平衡流动计算方法,从薄层近似三维N-S方程出发,采用ENO差分格式数值模拟了超声速冲压加速器简化模型中,高速甲烷气流从后体多个喷口射入高超声速空气流形成流场,研究了高温异质气体效应和19组分65反应模型的非平衡效应对冲压加速器表面压力分布的影响。计算表明新型解耦方法适合反应机理复杂的碳氢燃料超燃冲压发动机内部流动模拟,为开发应用软件系统打下基础。 相似文献
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《中国航空学报》2021,34(3):94-104
Hypersonic airbreathing propulsion is one of the top techniques for future aerospace flight, but there are still no practical engines after seventy years' development. Two critical issues are identified to be the barriers for the ramjet-based engine that has been taken as the most potential concept of the hypersonic propulsion for decades. One issue is the upstream-traveling shock wave that develops from spontaneous waves resulting from continuous heat releases in combustors and can induce unsteady combustion that may lead to engine surging during scramjet engine operation. The other is the scramjet combustion mode that cannot satisfy thrust needs of hypersonic vehicles since its thermos-efficiency decreases as the flight Mach number increases. The two criteria are proposed for the ramjet-based hypersonic propulsion to identify combustion modes and avoid thermal choking. A standing oblique detonation ramjet (Sodramjet) engine concept is proposed based on the criteria by replacing diffusive combustion with an oblique detonation that is a unique pressure-gain phenomenon in nature. The Sodramjet engine model is developed with several flow control techniques, and tested successfully with the hypersonic flight-duplicated shock tunnel. The experimental data show that the Sodramjet engine model works steadily, and an oblique detonation can be made stationary in the engine combustor and is controllable. This research demonstrates the Sodramjet engine is a promising concept and can be operated stably with high thermal efficiency at hypersonic flow conditions. 相似文献
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Combustion mode transition is a valuable and challenging research area in dual-mode scramjet engines. The thermal behavior of an isolator with mode transition inducing back-pressure is investigated by direct-connect dual-mode scramjet experiments and theoretical analysis. Combustion experiments are conducted under the incoming airflow conditions of total temperature 1270 K and Mach 2. A small increment of the fuel equivalence ratio is scheduled to trigger mode transition. Correspondingly, the variation of the coolant flow rate is very small. Based on the mea-sured wall pressures, the heat-transfer model can quantify the thermal state variation of the engine with active cooling. Compared with the combustor, mode transition has a greater effect on the iso-lator thermal behavior, and it significantly changes the isolator heat-flux and wall temperature. To further study the isolator thermal behavior from flight Mach 4 to Mach 7, a theoretical analysis is carried out. Around the critical point of combustion mode transition, sudden changes of the isola-tor flowfield and thermal state are discussed. 相似文献
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点阵结构呈周期性规则形状,具有比强度高、比刚度高、轻质及换热效率高的特点,是当前国际上公认的具有广泛应用前景的结构。将点阵结构应用于主动冷却技术,形成点阵夹芯主动冷却结构是解决超燃冲压发动机热防护问题的有效手段。点阵结构的发展离不开制备工艺的进步,本文对传统机械加工工艺与增材制造技术用于点阵结构制备的原理与现状进行了综述,通过文献调研归纳总结点阵结构单元、设计尺寸以及与其他强化换热结构的协同作用对换热性能的影响;在此基础上分析点阵夹芯主动冷却结构在超燃冲压发动机中的潜在应用价值,针对其工程应用提出下一步的发展建议。 相似文献
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针对某型涡扇发动机 ,介绍了一种简化可移动式地面试车台。该设备采用牵引四轮结构 ,外形尺寸为 5 .5 m× 1 .5 m× 2 .2 m,自重 <4.5 t。具有独立的电气测控系统 ,可以测量转子转速、压气机出口压力、排气温度等参数。在油罐车和电源车的配合下 ,能够对某涡扇发动机在地面进行开车油封以及发动机起动和慢车等工作 ,并且可以实现对发动机状态全过程的多参数记录。该设备成功地应用于某型涡扇发动机高原实验研究 ,为研究大气压力降低对发动机起动的影响提供了关键设备 ,文中给出了部分试验数据。 相似文献
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针对目前超燃冲压发动机地面试验设备普遍存在的工质污染问题,采用经过验证的数值计算方法开展了燃烧加热污染空气对煤油超燃冲压发动机性能的影响研究.以飞行马赫数为6.0作为基准状态,分别对纯净空气来流和不同参数匹配方案的污染空气来流下发动机整机流场和性能进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明:在压力参数中选择匹配静压时最接近于纯净空气来流的结果,选择匹配总压时差别最大;在温度参数中选择匹配静温时最接近于纯净空气来流的结果,选择匹配总温时差别最大;压力参数匹配选择的影响更具有决定性作用,需要优先考虑.研究结果可为认识整机污染效应影响,确定污染空气来流下地面试验模拟准则提供理论依据. 相似文献