平移不变模式双基地SAR距离聚焦深度分析

根据平移不变模式双基地合成孔径雷达的空间几何关系模型，分析了平移不变模式双基地合成孔径雷达点目标的距离徙动特性，并进一步推导出了平移不变结构双基地合成孔径雷达的距离聚焦深度计算公式。该式表明平移不变结构双基地SAR距离聚焦深度与双基地角、方位分辨力、收发分机波束指向和目标到飞机最近距离之比有关。最后通过仿真，验证了理论分析的正确性。     

目标在雷达双基地角上的雷达截面积（RCS）图象

本文详细介绍了雷达双基地ＲＣＳ测量系统的设备组成及利用此系统进行的ＲＣＳ测量工作，并根据测量结果绘制图象进行分析，得出按雷达双基地角的二等分角进行模型缩比。图象对于分析雷达目标是非常有用和有价值的工具。     

基于多级维纳滤波的双基地MIMO雷达多目标定位方法

 为了降低双基地多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达目标定位过程中的计算复杂度,避免进行占主要计算量的协方差矩阵特征值分解或奇异值分解和二维空间谱的峰值搜索,将多级维纳滤波(MSWF)应用于双基地MIMO雷达多目标定位的研究中。利用MSWF的前向递推原理,得到信号子空间;然后利用ESPRIT算法估计发射角(DOD)和接收角(DOA),且DOD和DOA自动配对,实现了多目标交叉定位。分析了本文算法和ESPRIT算法的计算复杂度,并通过仿真实验及性能分析验证本文算法的有效性。理论分析和实验结果表明:本文算法在保证二维方位角估计性能的基础上,显著地降低了计算复杂度,缩短了运算时间,更加符合MIMO雷达信号实时处理的要求。     

雷达辅助光电系统间歇测距目标定位技术

针对光电系统单站无源定位的可观测性、定位精度差等问题,提出了利用雷达辅助光电系统间歇测距的目标定位方式,克服了单站无源定位的目标可观测型问题并提高了目标的定位精度,最大限度地降低了雷达"暴露"的风险,实现了光电系统与雷达的优势互补,提高了系统的综合作战效能。     

双基地聚束SAR运动误差分析

将三维坐标系引入运动误差分析,建立了对任意匀速直线航迹双基地聚束SAR运动误差统一、清晰的分析方法;在此三维坐标系下,推导出各种运动误差引起的相位误差的计算公式。推导基于一般的双基地聚束SAR回波模型,可适用于任意匀速直线航迹的双基地聚束SAR,并且将通常的单基地SAR的运动误差分析作为一种特例也涵盖在内。给出了位置误差、速度误差和加速度误差所造成的相位误差计算公式。从推导结果得出结论:位于不同平台的同一误差,引起的相位误差是不同的;在小场景假设下,双基地聚束SAR的运动误差是空不变的,与目标位置无关。计算机仿真验证了误差分析的正确性。     

一种机载合成孔径雷达自主定位算法

针对机载合成孔径雷达(SAR)的应用,开展机载SAR自主定位技术研究,提出通过对目标所在区域多次成像进行机载SAR自主定位的算法。该算法不受载机速度和角度误差的影响,仅利用载机瞬时位置和雷达与目标之间的距离,能够大幅提高机载SAR自主定位精度;并在载机凝视目标飞行时提出基于最小二乘的定位算法,进一步提高定位精度。最后对机载SAR实测试飞数据进行处理,并与传统的基于距离多普勒(R-D)模型的定位方法进行了比较,处理结果验证了提出的算法能够大幅提高机载SAR自主定位精度。     

玉兔号巡视器导航定位中的多目标管理方法

基于多目标管理方法,阐述了玉兔号巡视器定位多目标管理的概念。兼顾技术成熟度、定位效率、冗余验证和阶段化分层管理等原则,对玉兔号巡视器着陆点和导航点的定位方法进行建模及分析比较,给出对应的定位方案。最后,将基于此多目标管理方法制定的方案,应用于玉兔号巡视器的定位任务,定位精度优于亚像素级,相对定位精度优于4％。     

米波双基地雷达超高声速目标检测方法研究

针对传统探测方法对临近空间超高声速目标探测存在探测概率低,技术难度大等问题,理论分析了利用双基地雷达探测临近空间超高声速目标的问题,着重讨论了临近空间目标不同周期回波包络的跨距离单元走动问题,并分别从时域和频域作出解释.通过理论分析,提出应用keystone（楔形）变换解决上述问题,实现双基地雷达多脉冲积累.最后,通过MATLAB平台进行仿真实验,验证了基于keystone变换改进检测方法的准确性和可行性.     

基于稀疏分解的空间目标双基地ISAR自聚焦算法

空间目标双基地逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)成像中,双基地角时变会造成二维图像的散焦。针对此问题,在三大同步理想可实现的条件下,以平稳空间目标为研究对象,分析了空间目标双基地ISAR成像原理,研究了双基地角时变对二维图像散焦的影响机理,提出了利用稀疏分解实现高精度自聚焦的算法。首先,将半双基地角的余弦进行泰勒展开;其次,结合目标的平动及转动条件,将成像相位项用多项式建模;然后,利用稀疏分解算法估计多项式的二次项系数,据此构建补偿项完成相位补偿。算法利用L-曲线准则选取正则参数,基于目标尺寸的先验信息构建冗余基的高分辨因子,利用推广的正则化欠定系统聚焦求解(FOCUSS)算法实现稀疏表示系数的估计,在恰当选取词典分辨率的条件下,算法可实现二次相位项的精确补偿,仿真实验验证了算法性能优于常用的非参数化自聚焦算法。     

空基平台无源定位的误差推导与精度分析

为研究双机无源定位的误差精度,对无源定位误差公式进行了推导,并采用数字仿真的方法对间距、目标位置、测角精度以及平台测量误差对定位精度的影响进行了分析。分析结果表明,平台的几何位置对误差影响较大,保证目标交汇角在一定范围内,是保证定位精度的有效方法。     

一种新的非平行轨迹机载双站斜视SAR成像算法(英文)

本文提出了一种用于非平行轨迹机载双站斜视SAR条带模式成像的新的解析算法。该算法用收、发雷达的多普勒调频率贡献比为加权系数推导了点目标回波的二维频谱。通过解目标位置相对于收、发载机飞行轨迹的耦合,将这个二维频谱中目标的距离参数和方位参数进行了分离。在二维频域内,补偿掉双站扭曲项后利用二维Chirp-Z变换(2D-CZT)校正了距离向和方位向的徙动,获得了精确聚焦的目标图像。雷达回波的二维残余徙动用沿距离向和方位向的分块来限制,推导了数据分块的条件,由此可以实现宽场景成像。仿真试验验证了这种2D-CZT算法的有效性。     

Theorem for the combination of bistatic radar measurements using least squares

In order to improve position finding performance, least squares method is often used to combine the measurement sets of bistatic radar system. However, which measurement sets can be combined by least squares method and which cannot have received little attention until now. We address this issue based on 2 measurements of bistatic radar system, for example (/spl rho/, /spl theta//sub T/), and present a new theorem, with proof, which shows that the least squares estimator can be obtained by combining any two measurement sets if these measurement pairs are disjoint. We provide an example that satisfies this condition, which shows that the least square combination of measurement sets yield improved performance especially in the vicinity of the transmitter and the receiver.     

表面不连续特征双站散射特性的试验研究

 采用一种新颖的不连续特征双站雷达散射截面（RCS）测试方法，通过系列化测试，研究了单直缝隙板、单直台阶板的双站散射特性，提出了不连续特征双站散射具有相似性、对称性和平移性的特点，分析了不同不连续特征具有的异同点。试验结果表明：对不连续特征，不同双站下的RCS散射曲线均具有和对应入射频率下的单站散射曲线分布形式相似的特点，同时不同的不连续特征对幅值的影响不同；如果测试方式和试验件对称，则双站和单站散射曲线均具有关于峰值所在方位角对称的特点，单直缝隙板由于试验件本身的对称性表现为较好的曲线对称性，而单直台阶板则表现为稍弱的对称性；散射曲线随双站角的增大，具有明显的平移特性，平移的幅度为双站角的1/2，平移方向为从发射天线指向接收天线,平移后的曲线峰值处于发射天线和接收天线夹角平分线上。     

GEO星弹双基SAR多普勒分辨率特性分析

通过对地球同步轨道（GEO）卫星运动特点的分析，阐明其对多普勒分辨率的影响。传统的双基合成孔径雷达（SAR）多普勒分辨率表达式由于不考虑雷达平台加速度矢量带来的影响，并不适用于GEO星弹双基SAR系统。根据收发平台的双曲线轨迹对目标的回波多普勒特性影响，首先利用梯度方法推导了GEO星弹双基SAR系统的多普勒分辨率表达式；随后详细地分析了GEO卫星与导弹的空间几何关系及多普勒参数，特别是加速度矢量对多普勒分辨率的影响。仿真结果验证了所推导多普勒分辨率表达式的有效性，其有助于双基SAR理论系统完整性的提高，为后续系统设计及应用实践提供理论支撑。     

Position Accuracy in Netted Monostatic and Bistatic Radar

The combined position-finding accuracies of netted monostatic and netted bistatic radars are calculated. Both are compared by the ratio of the areas of the error ellipses. This is illustrated by two symmetrical examples of configurations, a linear and a triangular one, with an equal tangential-to-radial measurement error ratio. It is shown that the results essentially depend on the range dependence of the measurement errors.     

Solution and performance analysis of geolocation by TDOA

One method of geolocation is based on measuring the time difference of arrivals (TDOAs) of a signal received by three or four geostationary satellites. The received signals are cross-correlated to determine the TDOAs and a set of nonlinear equations are solved to produce the location estimate. An exact solution for the transmitter position is derived for the three or four receiver cases. Extension of the solution method to more receivers is straightforward. An analysis of the performance of the system is given, together with expressions for predicting the localization mean-square errors (MSEs) and bias, and the Cramer-Rao bound. Both precision in TDOA measurements and the relative geometry between receivers and transmitter affect the localization accuracy. The geometric factors act as multipliers to the TDOA variance in the bias and MSE formulae. A study of the dependency of the geometric factors on transmitter position and satellite spacings are provided, as well as simulation results     

Moving target localization in distributed MIMO radar with transmitter and receiver location uncertainties

In this paper, the problem of moving target localization from Bistatic Range(BR) and Bistatic Range Rate(BRR) measurements in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) radar system having widely separated antennas is investigated. We consider a practically motivated scenario,where the accurate knowledge of transmitter and receiver locations is not known and only the nominal values are available for processing. With the transmitter and receiver location uncertainties,which are usually neglected in MIMO radar systems by prior studies, taken into account in the measurement model, we develop a novel algebraic solution to reduce the estimation error for moving target localization. The proposed algorithm is based on the pseudolinear set of equations and two-step weighted least squares estimation. The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB) is derived in the presence of transmitter and receiver location uncertainties. Theoretical accuracy analysis demonstrates that the proposed solution attains the CRLB, and numerical examples show that the proposed solution achieves significant performance improvement over the existing algorithms.     

Receiver antenna scan rate requirements needed to implement pulsechasing in a bistatic radar receiver

Pulse chasing is a technique implemented by a bistatic or multistatic radar system that allows rapid and efficient search of a desired volume of space whereby the receiving antenna is made to follow or “chase” the transmitted pulse as it travels radially outward from the transmitter antenna. An expression for receiver antenna scan rate requirements is derived that corrects an error in the prior literature. The results give significantly reduced scan rates in the forward scatter region near the baseline showing that pulse chasing is more easily implemented using conventional analog beamformer phased array technology than was suggested by prior work     

Comparison between monostatic and bistatic antenna configurationsfor STAP

The unique characteristics of bistatic radar operation on the performance of airborne/spaceborne moving target indicator (MTI) radars that use space-time adaptive processing (STAP) are discussed. It has been shown that monostatic STAP radar has the following properties. 1) For a horizontal flight path and a planar Earth the curves of constant clutter Doppler (isodops) are hyperbolas. 2) For a sidelooking antenna geometry the clutter Doppler is range independent. 3) Clutter trajectories in the cosφ-F plane (F=normalized Doppler) are in general ellipses (or straight lines for a sidelooking array). We demonstrate that these well-known properties are distorted by the displacement between transmitter and receiver in a bistatic configuration. It is shown that even for the sidelooking array geometry the clutter Doppler is range-dependent which requires adaptation of the STAP processor for each individual range gate. Conclusions for the design of STAP processors are drawn     

Millimeter wave safety warning system for in-vehicle signing

Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) has developed a millimeter wave safety warning system for in-vehicle signing for use in the nation's Intelligent Transportation System (ITS, formerly IVHS). The Safety Warning System TU (SWS) utilizes a homodyne radar that operates at 24.1 GHz as both a radar and a system to transmit highway safety messages. The warning message is received by a police radar detector or stand-alone safety warning receiver without radar detector capability. When the message is received, it is displayed to the driver via an alphanumeric light emitting diode (LED) display. The message can also be announced by a voice synthesizer internal to the receiver or by a flashing LED labeled “SWS.” The system is designed to inform the driver that he or she is being overtaken by a police car or emergency vehicle in motion. When the police car or emergency vehicle stops, the radar transmitter senses that the platform is no longer moving and the system automatically changes its message to warn approaching drivers of a stationary hazard ahead. A second safety warning transmitter deployment concept is to mount the unit near the highway at a fixed location. The fixed location SWS is designed to be programmable and transmit any one of 64 fixed text messages