低速冲击下金属蜂窝夹芯板抗侵彻性能的试验研究

利用落锤冲击试验系统,研究了金属蜂窝夹芯板在低速冲击载荷作用下的抗侵彻行为。试验获得了平头、半球形和锥形锤头冲击下蜂窝夹芯板的破坏模式和力-位移曲线,分析了锤头形状和芯材厚度对夹芯板最终破坏模式、力-位移曲线和临界破坏能量的影响。试验结果表明:夹芯板在平头、半球形和锥形锤头冲击下上面板分别产生了圆形剪切、圆形拉伸和钻石形的最终失效模式,下面板的最终失效模式分别为圆形剪切、瓣形开裂和瓣形开裂;金属蜂窝夹芯薄板在锥形锤头和半球形锤头冲击下的力-位移曲线会出现单峰模式,金属蜂窝夹芯厚板在锥形锤头和半球形锤头冲击下的力-位移曲线则是双峰模式,而在平头锤头冲击下的金属蜂窝夹芯板的力-位移曲线均为双峰模式;金属蜂窝夹芯薄板抵抗半球形锤头侵彻的能力最好,抵抗平头锤头侵彻的能力最差,而金属蜂窝夹芯厚板抵抗锥形锤头侵彻的能力最好,抵抗平头锤头和半球形锤头侵彻的能力较差。     

航空发动机双层结构金属机匣的弹道试验

为研究航空发动机双层结构金属机匣在受叶片冲击时的包容性问题,利用滑膛炮试验系统对双层钛合金带不同间隙叠层靶板进行打靶弹道试验。通过28次有效的弹道试验发现:对比内层（迎弹面）、外层靶板厚度相同带间隙组合的试验结果,间隙越大靶板抗侵彻能力越差;对比不带间隙组合试验结果,内层较薄组合的抗侵彻能力强于内、外层厚度相同组合。采用商业有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA对打靶试验进行了数值仿真,有限元仿真与试验结果吻合较好,并发现内层较薄组合的抗侵彻能力强于内层较厚组合,且两者均强于内、外层厚度相同组合;各个组合在没有间隙的情况下,弹道极限随叶片攻角增加而增加,但是速度曲线突增的攻角有所不同。无量纲靶厚决定了叶片冲击双层靶板的破坏模式。      

靶板抗轮盘碎片撞击能力的数值模拟

为研究机匣抵抗轮盘碎片撞击的能力和破坏方式,找到机匣结构优化设计的方法.用显式非线性动力学软件Dytran计算1/3轮盘碎片与单层和双层靶板的撞击过程.碎片及靶板均选用Johnson-Cook材料本构模型,结合Gruneisen状态方程.撞击过程基于Lagrange算法采用显式有限元计算.结果发现,靶板主要破坏方式为整体塑性变形、剪切撕裂和拉伸断裂;间距较大时双层靶板的弹道极限速度随间距的增加而增大;前靶板厚度比例较小或较大时弹道极限速度较大;单层靶板的抗击穿能力优于厚度均布的双层靶板.因此,通过对双层靶板的厚度和间距进行合理的搭配,能达到比同等厚度的单层靶板更好的抗击穿性能.      

多种材料双层 EFP数值仿真对比研究

以双层药型罩形成的串联爆炸成型弹丸（EFP）为研究对象，运用数值仿真软件AUTODYN，对不同材料组成的双层药型罩产生的串联EFP成型与侵彻靶板过程进行数值模拟计算。通过比较双层EFP形状、速度、长径比、动能等参数，得出内外罩材料冲击阻抗之差对于双层EFP侵彻能力的影响，其侵彻能力最强的材料组合为外钽内铝组合。     

用数值模拟法研究战斗部侵彻多层间隔靶

利用显示动力学有限元程序ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟着靶速度为2.0Ma和2.5Ma的战斗部对多层间隔靶板侵彻的过程。结果表明：钛合金抗弹性能良好可作为战斗部的壳体材料;战斗部壳体结构强度满足侵彻需求。     

混凝土房屋结构靶的超高速撞击特性研究

为了研究动能武器对混凝土类目标的毁伤效果,采用试验和数值仿真手段,对钨合金弹丸超高速撞击混凝土房屋结构靶进行了研究,探讨了混凝土房屋结构靶在超高速撞击条件下的毁伤特点。试验所用的钨合金弹丸重35g,长径比为5,撞击速度2．5km/s;混凝土房屋结构靶抗压强度34．4MPa。研究发现：在开展的试验条件下,房屋结构靶顶层板和底层板被穿透,未发生解体破坏;靶体中加筋对靶体的穿孔大小及结构破坏没有明显的降低作用;速度2．5km/s的弹丸经撞击40mm厚混凝土板后的速度降到2．0～2．3km/s 范围内;弹丸超高速撞击混凝土房屋结构顶层板形成的碎片云速度较高,部分碎片对人员具有较强的杀伤效果,该部分碎片的扩张角为23＆#176;,在底层板上的分布范围大于穿孔大小。     

四种飞机蒙皮材料抗鸟撞性能对比研究

以伊尔76飞机尾翼前缘结构为对象,对铝合金、GLARE层板、金属面板蜂窝夹芯结构以及复合材料面板蜂窝夹芯结构等四种不同蒙皮材料的抗鸟撞性能进行了对比研究;运用大型非线性动力学软件PAM-crash建立结构有限元模型,通过数值仿真进行计算,并通过试验对分析方法的正确性进行了验证,从结构破坏和吸能特性两个方面进行分析,发现相同条件下,GLARE层板蒙皮重量最小,抗鸟撞能力最强,吸能效率最高,性能最优。     

双层柱壳和单层柱壳战斗部侵彻性能对比分析

采用数值模拟的方法对双层柱壳和单层柱壳的半穿甲爆破型战斗部的侵彻性能进行了对比分析。计算发现：侵彻20 mm厚靶板时,采用双层柱壳不会对战斗部侵彻性能产生明显影响,但是在侵彻较厚的25 mm靶板时,双层柱壳战斗部的侵彻性能要比单层柱壳战斗部略差;而焊接强度对双层柱壳战斗部侵彻性能的影响比单层柱壳要大。     

薄层复合材料的抗平头冲击特性研究

采用圆柱平头型冲头(直径为25mm)在一定的冲击速度范围内冲击薄层复合材料(厚度:1.50～2.50mm),利用加速度传感器分析复合材料冲击背面的应力动态变化情况,研究了影响复合材料抗平头冲击能力的因素和复合材料的冲击损伤过程。结果表明:影响复合材料抗平头冲击能力的主要因素是纤维织物本身特性、纤维含量和界面强度;冲击能量阀值决定复合材料冲击损伤模式和能量吸收过程;增加复合材料的刚性,提高复合材料的冲击变形范围可充分发挥吸能垫的作用。     

前级环形切割器对后端靶板影响的数值仿真

利用ANSYS／LS—DYNA软件进行了环形切割器爆炸后对后端靶板的毁伤及环形切割器壳体的破裂过程的数值仿真。仿真结果表明：环形切割器爆炸后对后端靶板的毁伤中,起主璎作用的是环形切割器壳体的端部形成的破片和内侧形成的聚能侵彻体,而聚能侵彻体对靶板的破坏最为严重;琏于环形切割器的串联战斗部设计中,需考虑两级战斗部隔爆设计。     

High-velocity impact responses of 2618 aluminum plates for engine containment systems under combined actions of projectile form and oblique angle

Ballistic impact tests were carried out with examined projectiles of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy to investigate the impact response of the 2618 aluminum plates at a nominal velocity of 210 m/s. The influence of projectile forms and oblique angles on damage formation was particularly discussed by applying different loading conditions such as multiple projectile forms and oblique angles. Additionally, the numerical simulation method was employed to provide further insight into the characteristics of damage and target responses. The Johnson-Cook(J-C)constitutive model with revised failure parameters was used to support the simulations to assess target responses and characteristics of the damage created from different impact conditions. Results show that there is a significant transition in the deformation mode as changes of the projectile form are applied. Moreover, the cracks on the back of the 2618 aluminum alloy plates impacted by the solid plate projectile and the hollow blade projectile tend to locate at different positions, which are supposed to be influenced by local bending and stretching. The work in this paper may provide guidance for the design of fan blade containment systems.     

平板条叶片侵彻靶板的动响应研究

为了研究真实航空发动机机匣的包容性,对平板条叶片以不同初始速度撞击矩形靶板的侵彻机理进行了数值仿真研究。通过分析撞击过程中叶片加速度、速度、位移的变化,了解了与试验相符的撞击、变形、撕裂和失效过程。利用有效的数值模型验证了叶片初始速度与残余速度之间的关系满足Recht-Ipson公式,且工程中常用的破坏势能法可用于初步预测残余速度。     

长杆弹侵彻新型复合装甲数值仿真及研究

应用有限元计算程序AUTODYN模拟了由爆炸反应装甲和陶瓷复合装甲组成的新型复合装甲在长杆弹斜侵彻作用下的侵彻过程。根据长杆弹与爆炸反应装甲和陶瓷复合装甲的作用现象,研究了长杆弹对新型复合装甲的侵彻机理以及两者在各时刻的作用规律。所得结论对进行其他复合装甲抗长杆弹侵彻的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

航空发动机复合材料机匣弹道冲击特性

为获得复合材料作为风扇包容机匣时遭受叶片冲击载荷时的动态响应、损伤与失效模式,在空气炮装置上使用叶片形弹体对Kevlar织物层合板开展了弹道冲击试验,结果发现:复合材料靶板厚度提高25%,复合材料靶板吸收的能量提高约92%;随着叶片弹体速度的增加,复合材料靶板的损伤破坏逐渐严重,从轻微的压痕,转变为横向和纵向裂纹与分层损伤,再转变为矩形穿孔,同时靶板背面出现纤维断裂、纤维拔出与分层失效等现象;在叶片弹体撞击下,靶板上在与弹体接触的局部区域形成鼓胀变形,并在弹体击穿或反弹后发生变形回复;叶片弹体的横滚角将导致叶片的作用范围增大,使得靶板抗冲击性能有所提高。      

Detection of Projectiles by Electric Field Measurements

A number of various physical mechanisms cause aircraft, missiles, and projectiles to he electrically charged during free flight. The electric charge is in the 10-6 C range for aircraft and in the 10-10 C range for projectiles. The electric field thus transported provides information by which measuring the position and velocity of a projectile is possible. A measuring device is described to determine the position of a projectile in free flight while it is passing a target plane. The electric field distribution is measured by means of three electrodes in the manner of metal plates which are positioned in the proximity of the trajectory of the projectile. A mathematical formula can be derived to describe the coherence between the values measured of the electric field strength and the coordinates of the projectile. This measuring device consists of the target plane, 1 × 1 m2 in size, and the electric device controlled by a microprocessor. The measuring system has been tested with projectiles of the 4-30 mm caliber range and at velocities within the 50-1100 m/s range. The accuracy of the coordinates measured was found to be ± 7.5 mm.     

弹靶作用过程中陶瓷基复合材料的表面驻留行为

为提高陶瓷基复合材料在轻质装甲结构设计中应用的可行性,研究陶瓷基复合材料在抵抗弹体撞击时的表面驻留性能,进而探索其抗弹性能,旨在丰富和完善陶瓷基复合装甲材料的抗弹机理。采用数模模拟方法对弹体撞击SiC-Al陶瓷基复合材料表面驻留过程开展了深入研究,探索了复合材料的表面驻留行为,对比分析了复合材料和陶瓷材料表面驻留过程中应力水平和损伤演化过程。结果表明:复合材料表面驻留耗能为845J,比B_4C、SiC、AD99Al_2O_3陶瓷材料分别提高约46.0%、30.2%、35.7%;完全损伤的复合材料仍具有较一般陶瓷材料更高的承载能力,延长其驻留持续时间;复合材料损伤演化形式与陶瓷材料差异较大,导致损伤耗能占总驻留耗能的比例达到23.9%,比陶瓷材料提高了2倍多。     

单/双轴预拉载荷对碳纤维复合材料高速冲击性能的影响研究

针对发动机工作时受预载荷的叶片受到外物冲击的情况,设计一种面内单轴及双轴预加载装置,开展单轴与双轴不同大小预拉载荷下碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料（T700/TDE-86）的高速冲击试验,探究预拉载荷对复合材料抗冲击性能的影响,并结合超声C扫描分析预拉载荷对损伤面积的影响。结果表明：面内初始载荷对复合材料层合板抗冲击性能和分层损伤面积有显著影响;预拉载荷会提高靶板的抗弯刚度,减少靶板吸收的能量,减小弹道极限,且在双轴预拉情况下更明显;弹体击穿靶板后分层损伤面积几乎不变,而预拉载荷会减小分层损伤面积,且在双轴预拉情况下更明显。     

In-Flight Mass Measurement of Small Fragments and Projectiles

Penetration and cratering studies at hypervelocities make use, primarily, of light gas guns and explosive devices to accelerate projectiles for the impact study. The highest velocities achievable to date with other than micron-sized projectiles are obtained from explosive accelerators (shaped charge) or modified light gas guns incorporating a third stage. Such devices produce one or more randomly shaped particles of undetermined mass; and meaningful impact studies at very high velocities require a method of accurate measurement of the mass of a small fragment after acceleration but before impact. An experimental technique for mass measurement, which is simple in concept and operation, has been developed and demonstrated. A high-speed flash X-ray system is used to photograph the projectile or projectiles in flight. A theoretical treatment utilizing the X-ray mass absorption coefficient of the projectile material, and the linearity of the film density as a function of the logarithm of the exposure, is used to demonstrate that the density change over a finite area of the film is directly proportional to the mass in the path of the X-ray beam. The measurement is independent of ``blurring' due to the finite exposure time and tumbling of the projectile. Analysis of the exposed film can be conducted in a few minutes and requires only the measurement of average density at five or six positions on the film. Independent measurements of the masses of all projectiles in the field of view are possible. The demonstrated accuracy of the technique is better than ±5 percent.