飞机碱性电瓶最佳充电方式研究及其实现

应用电瓶最佳受电原理，对常用飞机碱性电瓶的充电方式进行了分析和比较，提出了脉冲恒流二阶段充电法是电瓶的最佳充电方法之一的设想，其可行性已被试验证实。利用该充电方法，研制成了飞机碱性电瓶专用充电器．实验结果表明该充电方法能大大提高电瓶的充电效率，延长电瓶的使用寿命。     

A nickel/hydrogen battery for PV systems

The nickel-hydrogen battery, developed in the early nineteen-seventies as an energy-storage subsystem for commercial communication satellites, is discussed. The advantages offered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, including long life, low maintenance and high reliability, make it very attractive for terrestrial applications such as stand-alone photovoltaic systems. The major drawback to the wider use of the nickel-hydrogen battery is its high initial cost. A 7-kWh battery has been on test since January 1988 using a flat-plate photovoltaic array for charging. The cell, battery design and test methods are briefly described, and the results of cycling and solar tests are presented. It is concluded that the battery is well suited for remote solar applications     

太阳能飞机循环飞行的高度剖面能量策略

为满足设定的太阳能飞机多日连续飞行条件，依据飞行过程中当前时刻的飞行高度、光伏输出功率、动力电池组余量等系统状态参数，研究如何分配动力电池组充放电和电推进系统输入等功率。所用策略立足于实时功率平衡，充分利用正午前后的光伏峰值功率用于飞机爬升及充电，在午后下滑过程中利用全部光伏输出，以最大化利用光伏资源；在光伏有效输出不足时则以一定的维持功率下滑，使能量的综合损失最小。方法能够提高以预定夜间飞行高度连续多日续航的成功率，提升飞行高度、纬度、季节范围或搭载能力，或者拓展这几种飞行条件的组合域，优化太阳能飞机的适用性。     

定电压定电流高速率蓄电池充电器

本文介绍一新型可调蓄电池充电电路，其充电电压和充电电流值能够进行预置，并对可其连续检测，其检测信号用以控制晶闸管的触发角，使充电电压和充电电流保持稳定，从而使充电速率达到最佳化。     

Jump starting 42V PowerNet vehicles

The introduction of a 36V battery along side of the 12V battery will enhance starting reliability, but it also creates new risks and, therefore, a strategy for jump start is needed. This paper discusses the issues that must be addressed with respect to charging and jump starting the batteries in the 42V/14V dual voltage systems     

A maximum power transfer battery charger for electric vehicles

A battery charger is described that uses an on-line microcontroller to maximize its output power. This is done by always operating at either the maximum allowable input current or the thermal limit imposed by the charger itself. In this case the thermal limit is determined by the junction temperatures of the two main insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). Since direct measurement of these temperatures is impractical, they must be calculated by a computer algorithm that uses various on-line measurements. Experimental results for an 8 kW charger indicate a reduction in the bulk charging time of about 26% when used with a set of NiFe batteries.     

基于直流微电网的混合储能协调控制策略仿真研究

针对直流微电网中光伏发电单元出力的波动性和间歇性造成系统内部功率不平衡的问题,混合储能系统可以同时发挥蓄电池高能量密度和超级电容高功率密度的优势,根据直流母线电压进行混合储能单元间的协调控制策略。该策略将直流母线电压进行分层控制,采用四个电压阈值共分成五个控制区域,以直流母线电压为信息载体,决定储能系统的运行状态,实现对混合储能单元的充电、放电模式间自主切换。电压分层控制有效地避免了蓄电池由于电压波动而频繁进行充放电切换,从而延长了电池的使用寿命。最后,MATLAB/Simulink的仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的可行性。     

优化UPS蓄电池的循环寿命

在交流电正常供电时,不间断电源（UPS）的蓄电池可储存能量,并维持正常的充电电压。当供电巾断时,蓄电池立即对逆变器供电,以保证交流电正常供电的连续性。本文介绍了不间断电源的应用及对蓄电池的维护。     

Charging the new batteries-IC controllers track new technologies

Demands for portability have fueled significant developments in new battery technology. These developments have resulted in many more options in selecting the battery type for use in a particular project, but since most applications today are opting for rechargeable battery systems, the availability of battery charging solutions can become an equally important criteria in the selection process. Complicating this process are the demands for fast-but safe-charging with charge algorithms easily implemented with low-cost hardware. With the higher levels of complexity attendant with these more demanding algorithms, solutions have come primarily from the integrated circuit industry and the purpose of this paper is to provide a few examples of the latest efforts in this arena, specifically as addressed to lead-acid, nickel metal-hydride, and lithium-ion technologies     

Global avionics in the future

The following topics are discussed: new batteries for old airplanes; new charge controls for lengthening battery life; fast methods for batteries charging; AC conductance measurement based battery testing; pulse power; bipolar lead-acid batteries vs supercapacitors; Ni electrode cells for spacecraft; worn-out battery disposal; recycling technology; vehicle batteries cost; high energy content batteries; and energy storage for electric utilities     

Zinc-air batteries for forward field charging

In order to realize the operational and service cost savings through the use of rechargeable batteries, the dismounted soldier is burdened with the weight, volume and/or charging logistics of the batteries. By providing the soldier with a high energy density source and a lightweight compact battery charger, the burden imposed by rechargeable batteries in the forward field can be minimized. Zinc-air batteries have the potential for meeting the energy demands of forward battlefield charging. They are attitude insensitive, have a high specific energy and are inherently inexpensive, lightweight and safe     

Advanced lithium ion battery charger

A lithium ion battery charger has been developed for four and eight cell batteries or multiples thereof. This charger has the advantage over those using commercial lithium ion charging chips in that the individual cells are allowed to be taper charged at their upper charging voltage rather than be cutoff when all cells of the string have reached the upper charging voltage limit. Since 30-60% of the capacity of lithium ion cells may be restored during the taper charge, this charger has a distinct benefit of fully charging lithium ion batteries by restoring all of the available capacity to all of its cells     

A microcontroller-based intelligent battery system

State-of-charge indication for a secondary battery is becoming increasingly important for battery-operated electronics. Consumers are demanding fast charging times, increased battery lifetime, and fuel gauge capabilities. All of these demands require that the state of charge within a battery be known. One of the simplest methods employed to determine state of charge is to monitor the voltage of the battery. However, this method alone is not a good indicator of battery energy, since both NiMH and NiCd batteries have voltage-versus-energy curves that are essentially flat. This paper presents a more effective method of determining the state of charge in secondary cell batteries. A NiMH battery is used as our test vehicle, since it is one of the more difficult batteries to determine state of charge. This method monitors the battery's temperature, voltage, and discharge/charge rate. A microcontroller then manipulates the information, using look-up tables to determine the state of charge. Also, by modifying the look-up tables, this technique can be employed in many other battery technologies and is not limited to NiMH     

Fast intelligent battery charging: neural-fuzzy approach

This paper focuses on the design of a super fast battery charger based on National's proprietary neural network based NeuFuz technology. In this application, we have used a NiCd battery pack as the test vehicle. However, this technology can be extended to other chemistries such as Ni-MH, Li-ion, etc. This technology allows the designer to accurately model the charge controller using a neural network, based on battery charge characteristics provided by the manufacturer. This approach continuously monitors the battery status, and modifies the charge current accordingly. It also eliminates the need for standard charge termination methods used in today's conventional chargers. The result is super fast charging in 20 to 30 minutes, and increased battery life. A low cost embedded controller (COP8) performs all the fuel-gauging and charge control functions by processing data obtained from the battery circuitry     

Electrical power on a 30 kW space-based radar satellite

An electrical power system for a space-based radar satellite is described. When the radar is on, its transmitter needs an average DC power of 30 kW. The problem of distributing the power efficiently in pulses to many transmit/receive modules is addressed. System requirements include a high-voltage battery and transmission line, load-sharing between the solar array, and the battery during sunlit periods, and a 25-kW solar array. A scaled-down version of the power system for a proof-of-concept demonstration is described     

Charge equalization for series-connected batteries

A novel nondissipative charge equalization circuit is proposed for charge equalization control of series-connected batteries. Each battery associates with a subcircuit, which is essentially a buck-boost converter acting as a current diverter to redistribute the excessive energy from more affluent batteries to the hungry ones. By dynamically redistributing the charging current, charge equalization can be achieved more quickly and efficiently. The applicability of this approach is confirmed by experiments.     

Demonstration of a zinc bromine battery in an electric vehicle

The zinc bromine battery is a high energy density battery that utilizes low cost materials. The battery is of unique construction utilizing plastic storage tanks for the zinc bromide electrolyte and plastic bipolar electrode stacks. This paper briefly describes the zinc bromine battery technology and the experience gained in installing and operating an electric vehicle with this advanced system. The described electric vehicle (The “T-Star”) was tested in March 1993 on the Chrysler Proving Grounds in Phoenix, Arizona and it participated in the May 1993 American Tour de Sol capturing second place over all and first place in the student division     

基于重力储能的太阳能飞机飞行轨迹研究

基于重力储能原理,研究了太阳能飞机变高度飞行轨迹及其应用效果。描述了变高度轨迹的具体组成部分及各部分的运动方式,建立了各部分轨迹和时间节点的物理数学模型,提出了适用于变高度轨迹的太阳能飞机总体参数设计方法。得到了给定设计指标下的飞行轨迹和需用功率曲线,并与定高度轨迹对比,研究了相关技术参数对变高度轨迹应用效果的影响。研究结果表明：变高度轨迹可以有效减小储能电池放电时间和机翼面积;对于不同设计高度均存在最优的爬升高度,使得机翼面积最小;设计高度越高,设计日期越偏离夏至日,储能电池能量密度越小,推进系统功重比越大,变高度轨迹的应用效果越明显。     

一种基于SOC补偿器的并联型 电池系统等效电路模型

以锂离子电池为载体的电源系统为航天器稳定、可靠运行提供了一种有效 的方式。通过多个电池单体的并联可扩大电池系统容量,即并联型电池系统。针对锂离 子并联型电池系统的工作特性,因电池单体性能参数不一致而难以被准确表征的问题, 分析各电池单体性能参数与电池系统性能参数的扩展关系及并联电路工作特性,提出一 种基于SOC 补偿器的并联型电池系统等效电路模型;在Matlab/Simulink 环境下搭建电池 系统仿真平台,通过仿真结果与实验数据对比分析验证所提出模型的准确性。