DD6单晶高温合金扭转小角度晶界的拉伸性能

在760℃,850℃和980℃温度条件下,研究了DD6单晶高温合金扭转小角度晶界的横向拉伸性能和断裂特征.结果表明,相同晶界角度的试样,随着温度的升高,DD6单晶高温合金拉伸强度降低.在760℃,850℃和980℃三个温度下,晶界角度分别为10.8°,6.4°,3.8°时,试样出现沿晶断裂,小角度晶界试样的拉伸强度降低.小角度晶界试样沿晶断裂明显降低试样的拉伸塑性.     

EB-PVD制备NiCoCrAlY/NiCr微层板的拉伸性能研究

采用电子束物理气相沉积(EB—PVD)方法制得NiCoCrAlY／NiCr微层板。研究了NiCoCrAlY／NiCr微层板的室温和高温拉伸性能，并采用SEM观察和分析了样件的拉伸断口。结果表明：由于微层界面的存在，微层板表现出良好的高温延迟断裂特性，材料的断裂强度在600％：时达到最佳；随着温度的升高，断裂方式由沿晶脆性断裂为主逐步过渡到沿晶脆性断裂和部分的韧窝韧性断裂的混合断裂方式。     

等离子体微弧氧化表面处理LYl2铝合金的高温拉伸性能

采用等离子体微弧氧化技术对LY12铝合金表面进行氧化处理，对处理前后材料的高温拉伸性能进行了研究，用SEM观察试样拉伸断口及陶瓷涂层形貌。结果表明：在高温条件下，LY12铝合金表面陶瓷化后拉伸强度有一定提高，且随温度的升高，拉伸强度提高的比率增大，说明在高温条件下陶瓷涂层对铝基体起到了一定的隔热作用；表面陶瓷化对LY12铝合金的延伸率影响不大。试样为典型的韧性断裂，且断裂后陶瓷膜层没有出现大面积脱落，表明陶瓷涂层与铝基体结合良好。     

块体纳米晶铝的力学性能及变形机理

采用雾化粉体+挤压(Ato+Ext)、雾化粉体+热等静压+挤压(Ato+HIP+Ext)、低温球磨+挤压(Cryo+Ext)、低温球磨+热等静压+挤压(Cryo+HIP+Ext)四组不同的工艺制备块体纳米晶/细晶铝,并测定了室温拉伸性能,分析了这些块体材料的拉伸应力-应变曲线,利用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察了试样断口附近的位错活动及试样的断口形貌,讨论了其变形机理和断裂机理。研究结果表明:球磨粉体制备的块体纳米晶铝的强度远高于雾化粉体制备的块体超细晶铝,四组块体材料在拉伸过程中均不存在加工硬化现象;块体超细晶铝在拉伸过程中发生了明显的位错运动,对于块体纳米晶铝,尺寸≤100nm的晶粒在拉伸过程中内部基本不发生位错运动;块体超细晶铝大部分区域发生穿晶断裂,而块体纳米晶铝基本发生沿晶断裂。     

高温处理对中密度针刺C/C复合材料性能的影响

针对C/C复合材料脆性问题,对密度为1.60 g/cm3的碳布叠层针刺C/C复合材料进行了1800、2 000、2 200和2 500℃的高温处理,研究了不同热处理温度对C/C复合材料微晶结构、力学和抗热震等性能的影响.结果表明,高温处理使针刺C/C复合材料的层间剪切和面内拉伸强度出现不同程度的降低,但材料的断裂伸长率和抗热震性能得到大幅度提高.其中,1 800℃高温处理后的C/C复合材料具有优异的力学和抗热震性能.     

钨渗铜材料在真空高压开关上的应用

为适应高压真空开关抗熔焊、耐电蚀、高电导、低含气量等要求，对传统的生产工艺作了一系列改进，采用纯钨粉经模压成型、高温烧结，然后一次完成渗铜和覆铜。结果表明，钨骨架强度高，钢呈网状分布，基体组织细小均匀，气体含量低，覆铜层与钨铜基体结合紧密，从而满足了使用要求，降低了成本，获得了较好的经济效益。     

HIP-Re 组织及力学性能

采用粉末冶金热等静压技术制备了HIP-Re纯铼材料,分析了不同热处理状态对材料微观结构及室温和高温性能的影响。结果表明,热处理温度对材料拉伸性能影响较大,经1 800℃/1.5 h真空处理HIP-Re抗拉强度达到1 196 MPa,伸长率为19.1%;2 000℃抗拉强度达到69 MPa,伸长率达17%以上。粉末冶金铼的晶粒组织多为2～8μm细小等轴晶,HIP-Re断裂方式为沿晶断裂与穿晶断裂共同作用,高温断裂方式为晶间断裂与滑移断裂,在拉伸形变过程中,Re材料内部产生了大量协变的裂纹及微孔,裂纹扩展连接导致断裂。     

热处理对激光选区熔化GH3536合金高温拉伸性能的影响

利用激光选区熔化（selective laser melting,SLM）技术可近净成形GH3536合金复杂零件,其高温力学性能是能否安全服役的重要考量指标,本工作研究热处理对SLM成形GH3536合金的微观组织与高温拉伸性能的影响。在1225℃下进行1 h热处理以探究组织性能调控机制,测试GH3536增材试样沉积态与热处理态高温下的拉伸性能,采用扫描电镜研究热处理前后增材GH3536试样的微观组织演变。结果表明：热处理可有效消除晶粒内部的胞状亚晶结构,使位错滑移能力显著增强,其在室温、650、815℃环境下断裂伸长率分别提高75%、92%、683%;另外,柱状晶纵横比的减小使热处理试样的各向异性显著降低;断口分析表明随着拉伸环境温度的增加,热处理试样的断裂模式由沿晶断裂转变为混合断裂。     

选区激光熔化IN718合金室温及高温拉伸性能研究

采用选区激光熔化技术制备了IN718合金,对其凝固组织形成机制和热处理固态相变行为进行了研究,分析了IN718合金经热处理后的室温和高温拉伸断裂机理。研究结果表明,选区激光熔化IN718合金沉积态显微组织为沿沉积增高方向定向生长的树枝晶,枝晶间分布着纳米级Laves相。经标准热处理后晶粒形态没有明显变化,大量γ′和γ′′相以及针状δ相弥散析出,Laves相含量减少,合金硬度较沉积态高约40%。经热处理后,合金垂直于沉积增高方向试样抗拉强度高于锻件,平行于沉积增高方向的试样塑性优于锻件,高温拉伸强度与锻件相当,室温及高温拉伸断裂机制均为微孔聚集型的穿晶韧性断裂。     

晶体取向对第四代单晶高温合金DD15高周疲劳性能的影响

在定向炉中分别采用籽晶法制备了[001]、[011]和[111]3种不同取向的第四代单晶高温合金DD15,在800℃研究了不同取向的高周疲劳性能,分析了合金不同取向的显微组织、疲劳断口形貌和疲劳断裂组织。结果表明:在凝固方向横截面上不同取向合金的铸态枝晶和热处理γ′相组织明显不同。合金800℃的高周疲劳性能存在各向异性,疲劳极限按[111]、[001]、[011]取向的顺序降低。不同取向合金的高周疲劳都是沿平面断裂,断裂平面与试样中心应力轴线的角度不同,角度按[011]、[001]、[111]取向的顺序逐渐减小。不同取向高周疲劳断口特征基本相同,可见疲劳源区、疲劳扩展区和瞬断区。疲劳裂纹起源于试样表面或亚表面并沿{111}平面扩展。扩展区上可见河流状花样和疲劳条带。瞬断区可见撕裂棱和解理台阶特征,其断裂机制都为类解理断裂。由于试验温度较低,不同取向疲劳断裂后的γ′相仍保持立方形状。     

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

航空发动机管路测量数据分割方法

 为了提高航空发动机管路测量数据的反求建模效率,提出了一种区域增长分割算法。该方法主要是利用管路表面在曲面索引系数映射、主曲率映射、高斯映射上的特性,并基于均值漂移算法和遗传算法提出了区域分割算法中种子区域的选择策略。然后利用区域增长分割方法实现了对管路测量数据的分割。经过仿真和实测数据验证,所提管路分割算法具有较好的分割质量和效率。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

Interfacial Properties Modification of Carbon Fiber/ Polyarylacetylene Composites

This work was dedicated to performing surface oxidation and coating treatments on carbon fibers (CF) and investigating the changes of fiber surface properties after these treatments, including surface composition, relative volume of functional groups, and sur- face topography with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atom force microscopy (AFM) technology. The results show that, after oxidation treatments, interfacial properties between CF and non-polar polyarylacetylene (PAA) resin are remarkably modified by removing weak surface layers and increasing fiber surface roughness. Coating treatment by high char phenolic resin solution after oxida- tion makes interface of CF/PAA composites to be upgraded and the interfacial properties further bettered.     

Thermal Stresses and Cracks During the Growth of Large-sized Sapphire with SAPMAC Method

本文利用有限元法对冷心放肩微量提拉法(SAPMAC)生长大尺寸蓝宝石单晶过程中的热应力进行了模拟计算,应用临界缺陷理论解释了裂纹的萌生与扩展机理。研究表明,晶体内的热应力主要与晶体生长速率,环境温度和结晶取向有关;较大热应力多出现在结晶界面,放肩、收尾以及直径急剧变化等位置;最大热应力总是出现在籽晶与新生晶体的界面附近。裂纹将在临界缺陷位置产生,并在应力作用下沿a或m面扩展。计算结果与实验结果基本吻合,通过晶体生长系统和生长工艺的改进,对晶体的开裂问题得到了有效的抑制。     

Optimization Design System for Composite Structures Based on Grid Technology

To solve the topology optimization of complicated multi-objective continuous/discrete design variables in aircmit structure design, a Parallel Pareto Genetic Algorithm （PPGA） is presented based on grid platform in this paper. In the algorithm, the commercial finite element analysis （FEA） software is integrated as the calculating tool for analyzing the objective functions and the filter of Pareto solution set based on weight information is introduced to deal with the relationships among all objectives. Grid technology is utilized in PPGA to realize the distributed computations and the user interface is developed to realize the job submission and job management locally/remotely. Taking the aero-elastic tailoring of a composite wing for optimization as an example, a set of Pareto solutions are obtained for the decision-maker. The numerical results show that the aileron reversal problem can be solved by adding the limited skin weight in this system. The algorithm can be used to solve complicated topology optimization for composite structures in engineering and the computation efficiency can be improved greatly by using the grid platform that aggregates numerous idle resources.