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升力式再入侧向制导的传统方位误差算法在地球南北极点处有奇异,在极点附近呈现病态;使用该算法的侧向制导律在极点处无法产生制导信号,在极点附近制导信号错乱。根据方位误差的物理意义,结合无奇异的再入飞行器质心运动方程,利用位置和速度三元数,提出了无奇异的方位误差算法。针对某假想的在极区再入的升力式再入飞行器,在固定纵向控制参量的情况下,进行仅检测侧向制导在极区的有效性的再入过程仿真。算例显示,对于同一侧向制导律,使用无奇异算法可避免传统算法在极区存在的奇异性问题。此外,新算法的计算细节无需因地球模型和再入飞行的地域不同而进行调整,与传统算法相比有更好的普适性,适合需要满足全球到达飞行任务要求的制导律使用。 相似文献
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移动质心飞行器的参数辨识和补偿控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
受质量块大小和位移的限制,移动质心不能像空气舵那样产生很大的力矩.因此飞行器的再入攻角对静稳定度很敏感,尤其在小静稳定度下,静稳定度稍有改变,配平攻角将发生很大变化.飞行器再入过程中的烧蚀、侵蚀以及边界层转捩所造成的小不对称量所产生的不对称力矩与质心移动后产生的控制力矩相比,不是小量.以所建立的移动质心控制飞行器的数学模型为基础,辨识飞行器静稳定度和小不对称量,对小不对称量造成的气动力矩用前馈一反馈复合控制加以补偿.仿真分析表明,移动质心控制对高速再入的飞行器具有良好的末修能力,能有效提高再入段的控制精度. 相似文献
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移动质心再入飞行器姿态的无源性控制 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
从能量的观点研究了再入飞行器的移动质心控制方案。由于受移动质量块大小和位移的限制,移动质心控制方式不能像空气舵一样产生很大的控制力矩。采用基于能量的欧拉-拉格朗日法,在飞行器坐标系内推导了单质量块移动的七自由度动力学方程。在对动力学方程进行合理简化的基础上,采用无源性控制设计了俯仰平面的姿态控制器。状态反馈跟踪控制采用了能量形成加上阻尼注入的PD+(PD Plus)控制思想。在控制律推导过程中,直接考虑了动力学系统的非线性。通过Lyapunov函数证明了控制器能使系统全局渐近稳定。对非线性系统再入飞行控制仿真结果表明,即使存在风干扰和参数时变情况下所设计控制器也有满意的性能。 相似文献
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再人飞行器优化气动布局研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了再入飞行器的优化气动布局问题,提出了单目标和多目标优化设计方法,通过研究分析,指出了具有高机动性能的带翼机动再入飞行器,弯体机动再入飞行器及带翼锥柱裙机动再入飞行器等再入飞行器的几何数变化规律,该研究对这类再入飞行器的气动布局选型有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
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针对升力式再入飞行任务设计对地理信息的需求,提出了以“来路走廊”和“去路走廊”为代表的“三维再入走廊”概念,重新定义了“再入界面窗口”概念。其中,“再入界面窗口”解决了“已知着陆点,估计初始再入点的可行地理区间”问题;“三维再入走廊”则系统、直观地揭示了升力式再入飞行器对“临近空间”多重大气层的覆盖能力及其整体变化趋势。求解算法使用高精度积分律的直接配置非线性规划法,配合无奇异的数学模型,可满足全球到达任务的设计需求。基于美国X-33和Advanced Guidance and Control (AGC)项目的测试任务数据,一系列算例检验了“三维再入走廊”与“再入界面窗口”概念的合理性。“三维再入走廊”有助于工程总体设计、军事指挥和商业空天交通指挥人员对类型化的升力式再入任务进行设计和分析;有助于高层决策人士对升力式再入的机动能力进行系统理解和直观把握。 相似文献
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There exists a singularity problem in control moment gyros (CMGs). CMG singularities are classified into two types: hyperbolic and elliptic. Several gimbal steering control methods have been presented to avoid CMG singularities. Hyperbolic singularities can be avoided by null motion, but elliptic singularities cannot. The existing steering control methods are rarely designed by explicitly taking the singularity type into account. In order to effectively avoid elliptic singularities by perturbing gimbal angles, it is desirable to calculate and record the boundaries between elliptic and hyperbolic singularities in advance so that the determined boundaries can be utilized for developing model predictive steering control. To this end, the boundaries between elliptic and hyperbolic singularities of CMGs are calculated and represented in the form of fitted curves. Several numerical examples are presented to determine the perturbation gimbal angles for avoiding elliptic singularities without using singular value decomposition. 相似文献
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Terminal area trajectory planning using the energy-tube concept for reusable launch vehicles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper concerns a terminal area energy management (TAEM) guidance system for a winged re-entry vehicle and describes the use of the energy-tube concept in a planning and estimation algorithm. In this paper, the focus is on the analysis of the energy management capabilities during changes in the initial conditions. The planning algorithm calculates the best heading alignment cylinder (HAC) position, based on the initial state at the TAEM interface. A cross-section of the energy tube contains all combinations of altitude and velocity from which it is possible to reach the runway. Ideally, the re-entry vehicle enters the terminal area in the ‘middle’ of the cross-section such that it has sufficient capabilities to react to off-nominal conditions that would require more or less energy dissipation. Each HAC position has a particular energy-tube cross-section. By shifting the HAC position, an optimal HAC can be found such that the initial state is situated in the middle of the cross-section. The planning algorithm uses a nominal longitudinal strategy, which is situated in between the maximum-dive and maximum-range capabilities, to calculate the optimal HAC position. However, in some cases the nominal longitudinal strategy is insufficient to reach the runway. Hence, in these cases, deviations from the nominal longitudinal strategy (nominal energy dissipation) are required during the actual flight. These deviations are calculated by the estimation algorithm and the magnitude of the deviation is based on the current position in the energy tube. 相似文献
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星载合成孔径雷达回波多普勒频率的计算 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)与目标的相对运动关系出发,以SAR发射信号的波长、卫星的轨道参数和目标的位置(地心经纬度)为已知条件,导出了计算目标回小以的多普勒频率的解析公式,这对于星载SAR系统的性能 初步设计具有重要作用。 相似文献
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本文研究利用四元数作为误差信号进行航天飞行器姿态控制的控制规律,应用Pontrgagin极小原理导出了喷咀最优控制开关曲线,所得结果不仅可用于交会对接段也适用于航天飞行器上升段和返回段的姿态控制。 相似文献
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Space robotic systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in the future. However, the control methods based on the inverse kinematics are affected by singularities. In this paper, practical approaches are proposed to solve the problems of a wrist-partitioned space manipulator. For spacecraft-referenced end-point motion control, we presented the singularity separation plus damped reciprocal (SSPDR) method, which separates the singularity parameters from the inverse of the Jacobian, and replaces their reciprocals using the damped reciprocals. For another control strategy, i.e. inertially referenced end-point motion control, including spacecraft attitude-controlled mode and free-floating mode, the linear momentum equation is used to eliminate three independent variables. With modifying some expressions, the SSPDR method is utilized to solve the singularities of spacecraft attitude-controlled space robot. When the space robot is free-floating, the singularities, i.e. the so-called dynamic singularities, cannot be predicted according to its kinematic structure. Combining with the measured angular velocity of the base, the dynamic singularity handling problem is transformed into real-time kinematic singularity avoiding problem, which can be solved by the SSPDR method. Since the SVD decomposition, the estimation of the minimum singularity value, and the calculation of the generalized Jacobian matrix are not required, the algorithm has lower computation load. Another advantage is that, only the accuracy of part velocity components is reduced by adding the damped coefficients. Simulation results verify the proposed approaches. 相似文献
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星载SAR多普勒频率计算与全零多普勒中心导引 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
讨论了在天线坐标系中多普勒频率的计算方法和全零多普勒中心的条件及其实现。证明对近圆轨道SAR卫星,采用与时间延迟积分-电荷耦合器件(TDI-CCD)空间相机相同的计算公式和偏流角补偿技术,能以偏航控制方式实现星载SAR的全零多普勒中心导引。由此可将回波多普勒中心频率的全球变化范围减至最小,显著降低了SAR成像处理的难度。研究具重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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星载遥感器对地面目标的定位 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
系统和深入地研究了多种星载遥感器对地面目标的定位问题。以目标相对于星下点轨迹的方位角和遥感器的视角作为相对定位的结果参量,与卫星轨道参数相结合,导出了地面目标经纬度的通用化计算公式。并在此基础上,完成了关于地面目标定位误差的完整分析,讨论了各误差分量的计算方法,导出了一套相应的计算公式。 相似文献