提高税控收款机产品可靠性的有效措施

文章从电子产品可靠性的预测与分配、可靠性设计新技术的应用等方面阐述了提高税控收款机产品可靠性的多种有效途径。提高税控收款机产品可靠性在确保国家税收的安全、提高国家税收征管工作效率和进一步促进我国的“金税工程”建设等方面有重大而深远的意义。     

中国航天科工携航天云网等多项成果亮相国防科技工业军民融合发展成果展

<正>7月16日,国防科技工业军民融合发展成果展在京开幕,中国航天科工集团公司携近年来军民融合发展多项"代表作"集体亮相。拥有2万多用户的航天云网,国内首个涉及上万台计算机的自主可控安全网络和信息系统,被誉为中国新税制的"生命线"和"杀手锏"的防伪税控系统,目前世界上功率最大的3000马力大功率液力     

意法合资的空间电信公司简介

空间电信公司（Telespazio）是意大利芬梅卡尼卡公司和法国泰雷兹公司之间的“航天联盟”的一个成员，总部设在罗马，在航天运营服务领域已有40多年的历史。该公司于2008年12月宣布赢得了为土耳其国防部提供“突厥”（Gokturk）光学侦察对地观测卫星系统的合同，成为整个“突厥”卫星系统的主承包商。这使得它再次引起了人们的关注。     

“龙＂船行太空

如果按计划顺利实施,国际空间站会在5月初迎来第一艘由私营企业研制的飞船——即由美国太空探索技术公司（SpaceX）设计制造的“龙”（Dragon）货运飞船。太空探索公司有两个特征：一,它是一家小公司;二,它是一家私人航天商业公司,但它却正在实现着以往只有航天大国才能完成的壮举。2010年12月,它曾成功用本公司生产的“猎鹰”9号火箭将试验型“龙”飞船送入太空,并操控它重返大气层。     

简讯

简讯德尔它火箭将发射４０颗铱星美国麦道公司最近赢得了它有史以来最大的一笔商业航天发射合同，将为摩托罗拉公司的铱全球无线通信系统发射４０颗卫星。这笔合同价值４亿美元，共将动用５枚德尔它２火箭，发射时间是１９９６年。铱系统由６个轨道平面上的共６６颗卫星组...     

“陆射”系统将发射以通讯卫星

航天国际服务公司（SIS，俄乌合资公司）和海射公司已宣布赢得用“陆射”系统为以色列飞机工业公司发射“阿莫斯”3通信卫星的合同。发射定于明年第四季度在拜科努尔发射场进行。“陆射”系统是海射公司和航天国际服务公司的合作项目．使用由海射型天顶3SL三级火箭改进而来的天顶2SLB二级火箭（低轨运载能力13吨）及天顶3SLB三级火箭（静地转移轨道运载能力为3．6吨）。天顶3SLB已在去年得到了“泛美卫星”（PAS）11和“地平线”2通信卫星的发射合同，发射时间均在明年。“阿莫斯”3由以飞机工业公司建造，载有15台Ku波段和Ka波段转发器。具有固定和可控波束．将定点在西经4度轨位。用于向欧洲、中东和美国东海岸提供通信服务。寿命12年。     

EPKM近地点发动机

ＥＰＫＭ近地点发动机是中国目前用于航天领域最大的空间固体火箭发动机，配合“长征二号”捆绑火箭，作卫星轨道转移使用。它由中国航天工业总公司河西化工机械公司研制，于１９９５年１１月２８日及１２月２８日分别用于“亚洲二号卫星”和“艾柯斯达一号卫量”发射。     

2008年欧洲航天产业年度调查报告

欧洲航天制造业是航天产业不可或缺的战略组成部分，它植根于欧洲航空航天和防务产业之中，EADS、Finmeccanica、SAFRAN和Thales四大公司的雇员人数占欧洲航天产业总雇员人数的70％以上（如图1所示）。最主要的且专门负责航天业务的部门和主要产业能力都集中于欧洲航空航天产业巨头——EADS Astrium公司和Thales Alenia Space公司之中。     

载人航天实施医学

载人航天是一项开发和利用空间资源的系统工程。其中的航天员医学系统就是研究和实施航天员保健、提高工作效能和保障生命安全的医学工程系统。它的工作重心立足于航天员生命与医学工程保障、航天员健康的医学保障、航天员工作效能保障和航天环境医学基础与应用的研究。航天员健康的医学保障包括航天员选拔、训练、医监和医保，以及航天员生活与饮食营养等内容。这些内容有着重要的研究内涵，并在航天实践中充分地体现着“实施”的重要性和操作性的特点。美国将这些内容称之为载人航天“实施医学”（ＯｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ），…     

航天特色学校——上海科普园中的一朵奇葩

这些年来，由上海市宇航学会开展的“大手拉小手”、“会校挂钩”等丰富多彩的航天科普活动，使得航天科技教育特色学校已成为这块科普园地中的一朵奇葩。自从该学会1995年在上海市命名第一所航天特色学校以来，至今已经滚雪球般地发展到了近30所。目前航天特色学校已经成为上海教育系统中一块响当当的品牌，得到了社会各界的普遍认同，     

Summary of medical investigations in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions.

The results of biomedical investigations carried out in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions are discussed. Their basic result is well-documented evidence that man can perform space flights of long duration. The investigations have demonstrated no direct correlation between inflight or postflight physiological reactions of crewmembers and flight duration. In all likelihood, this can be attributed to the fact that special exercises done inflight efficiently prevented adverse effects of weightlessness. However, human reactions to weightlessness need further study. They include negative calcium balance and anemia as well as vestibulo-autonomic disorders shown by crewmembers at early stages of weightlessness. Attention should be given to psychological, social-psychological and ethical problems that may also limit further increase in flight duration.     

ADS-B在美国

美国是“广播式自动相关监视”(ADS-B)技术研究和应用的先行者之一。继1991年,瑞典首次成功利用飞行座舱显示器(CDTI)演示ADS-B功能之后,美国从1992年就开始在芝加哥的O’Hare机场开展ADS-B技术的早期应用研究。进入21世纪,美国首先在阿拉斯加地区通用航空飞机上推广应用ADS-B技术。2002年,美国联邦航空局FAA终于出台了ADS-B数据链发展政策以及支持ADS-B技术发展的规划蓝图。一、美国的AD S-B技术发展规划(一)近期规划:(2002年—2006年)(1)定义ADS-B最初发展阶段的国内技术系统底层结构;(2)允许“袖珍型”(不具备上行广播…     

U.S. biological experiments in space.

Past U.S. space biological experiments in space, using non-human specimens, are discussed and evaluated. Current plans for future experimentation in this field are also given.     

U.S. prebreathe protocol

This paper identifies and describes the prebreathe protocol currently used by the U.S. Space Shuttle Program to provide astronauts the capability to safely perform extravehicular activity. A comparison of planned vs actual prebreathe experience through the STS-37 Mission is also provided.     

Aquatic modules for bioregenerative life support systems based on the C.E.B.A.S. biotechnology

Most concepts for bioregenerative life support systems are based on edible higher land plants which create some problems with growth and seed generation under space conditions. Animal protein production is mostly neglected because of the tremendous waste management problems with tetrapods under reduced weightlessness. Therefore, the “Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System” (C.E.B.A.S.) was developed which represents an artificial aquatic ecosystem containing aquatic organisms which are adpated at all to “near weightlessness conditions” (fishes Xiphophorus helleri, water snails Biomphalaria glabrata, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the rootless non-gravitropic edible water plant Ceratophyllum demersum). Basically the C.E.B.A.S. consists of 4 subsystems: a ZOOLOGICASL COMPONENT (animal aquarium), a BOTANICAL COMPONENT (aquatic plant bioreactor), a MICROBIAL COMPONENT (bacteria filter) and an ELECTRONICAL COMPONENT (data acquisition and control unit). Superficially, the function principle appears simple: the plants convert light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis thus producing biomass and oxygen. The animals and microorganisms use the oxygen for respiration and produce the carbon dioxide which is essential for plant photosynthesis. The ammonia ions excreted by the animals are converted by the bacteria to nitrite and then to nitrate ions which serve as a nitrogen source for the plants. Other essential ions derive from biological degradation of animal waste products and dead organic matter. The C.E.B.A.S. exists in 2 basic versions: the original C.E.B.A.S. with a volume of 150 liters and a self-sustaining standing time of more than 13 month and the so-called C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE with a volume of about 8.5 liters. In the latter there is no closed food loop by reasons of available space so that animal food has to be provided via an automated feeder. This device was flown already successfully on the STS-89 and STS-90 spaceshuttle missions and the working hypothesis was verified that aquatic organisms are nearly not affected at all by space conditions, i . e. that the plants exhibited biomass production rates identical to the ground controls and that as well the reproductive, and the immune system as the the embryonic and ontogenic development of the animals remained undisturbed. Currently the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODLULE is prepared for a third spaceshuttle fligt (STS-107) in spring 2001. Based on the results of the space experiments a series of prototypes of aquatic food production modules for the implementation into BLSS were developed. This paper describes the scientific disposition of the STS-107 experiments and of open and closed aquaculture systems based on another aquatic plant species, the Lemnacean Wolffia arrhiza which is cultured as a vegetable in Southeastern Asia. This plant can be grown in suspension culture and several special bioreactors were developed for this purpose. W. arrhiza reproduces mainly vegetatively by buds but also sexually from time to time and is therefore especially suitable for genetic engineering, too. Therefore it was used, in addition, to optimize the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE to allow experiments with a duration of 4 month in the International Space Station the basic principle of which will be explained. In the context of aquaculture systems for BLSS the continuous replacement of removed fish biomass is an essential demand. Although fish reproduction seems not to be affected in the short-term space experiments with the C.E.B.A.S. MIMI MODULE a functional and reliable hatchery for the production of siblings under reduced weightlessness is connected with some serious problems. Therefore an automated “reproduction module” for the herbivorous fish Tilapia rendalli was developed as a laboratory prototype. It is concluded that aquatic modules of different degrees of complexity can optimize the productivity of BLSS based on higher land plants and that they offer an unique opportunity for the production of animal protein in lunar or planetary bases.     

DR.Q.SCIENCE QUEST

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A 6 D.O.F. opto-inertial tracker for virtual reality experiments in microgravity.

Gravity plays a role in many different levels of human motor behavior. It dictates the laws of motion of our body and limbs, as well as of the objects in the external world with which we wish to interact. The dynamic interaction of our body with the world is molded within gravity's constraints. The role played by gravity in the perception of visual stimuli and the elaboration of human movement is an active research theme in the field of Neurophysiology. Conditions of microgravity, coupled with techniques from the world of virtual reality, provide a unique opportunity to address these questions concerning the function of the human sensorimotor system. The ability to measure movements of the head and to update in real time the visual scene presented to the subject based on these measurements is a key element in producing a realistic virtual environment. A variety of head-tracking hardware exists on the market today, but none seem particularly well suited to the constraints of working with a space station environment. Nor can any of the existing commercial systems meet the more stringent requirements for physiological experimentation (high accuracy, high resolution, low jitter, low lag) in a wireless configuration. To this end, we have developed and tested a hybrid opto-inertial 6 degree-of-freedom tracker based on existing inertial technology. To confirm that the inertial components and algorithms will function properly, this system was tested in the microgravity conditions of parabolic flight. Here we present the design goals of this tracker, the system configuration and the results of 0g and 1g testing.