马赫数2.5～7.0的二元变几何进气道设计

针对RBCC发动机Ma=2.5~7.0的宽范围工作要求,提出了一种部分顶板转动+唇口平移的二元进气道变几何方案,并通过数值仿真对其总体性能和调节方法进行了研究。结果表明:采用激波依次封口设计概念的变几何进气道在高低马赫数下的总体性能较优,尤其具有良好的流量捕获能力。转动部分顶板的变几何方案拓宽了进气道工作范围,向后平移唇口可以实现超额定工况的起动和Ma=2.3的自起动。变几何进气道的调节方法简单、工程应用可行。     

一种RBCC二元进气道变几何方案研究

对工作于引射和亚燃模态的RBCC发动机进气道来说,宽马赫数工作的要求显得尤为突出,使得二元进气道应采用变几何结构。针对内压段收缩比对二元混压式进气道性能的影响,文中开展了理论分析和数值模拟研究,并由此提出了一种将内收缩比调节和边界层流动控制相结合的变几何二元进气道方案。研究发现,该方案以低马赫数小范围内较少的流量损失为代价,实现了进气道起动马赫数、阻力的降低和出口总压的增加,改善了进气道的综合性能。     

宽马赫数二维曲面压缩高超声速进气道设计

为设计出工作范围为Ma 2~7的RBCC发动机进气道,利用压升规律可控的二维曲面压缩设计方法,以Ma 6为设计点设计了宽马赫数新型二元高超声速进气道气动型面,采用前掠侧板减小了进气道的内收缩比,在Ma 4以下采用顶板放气的方式来扩展进气道的工作范围。数值模拟研究了进气道的流场及性能,发现采用曲面压缩设计的新型二元进气道在Ma 4~7范围波系较少,流场结构良好,同时总压恢复较高,流量捕获能力强。通过顶板放气可实现在Ma 1.5~4范围内正常工作,放气量在15%以下。从流场和性能参数看,曲面压缩进气道在Ma 4以上性能良好,但在Ma 4以下流量捕获能力偏低。     

马赫数1.5～4.5的曲面轴对称变几何进气道设计

针对空气涡轮火箭冲压发动机马赫数1.5~4.5工作范围的设计要求,提出了一种唇口平移的曲面轴对称进气道变几何方案及其新型调节机构,并通过数值仿真方法对其总体性能和流动特性进行研究。结果表明:采用曲面压缩的轴对称变几何进气道总体性能较高,尤其是流量捕获能力良好,可以满足整个工作范围的需求。此外,新型调节机构简单可行,利于工程实现。     

超燃冲压发动机变结构进气道设计

针对超燃冲压发动机宽马赫数、攻角范围内高性能工作要求,建立了基于多目标优化的变结构进气道设计方法,获得了进气道结构随马赫数和攻角变化的调节规律。以总压恢复系数、压升比和阻力系数为优化目标,以二维混压式进气道为对象,采用遗传算法进行了基准进气道优化设计,得到Pareto非劣解;以一组Pareto非劣解为基准,在不同马赫数和攻角下进行了进气道变结构优化设计,拟合得到进气道结构随马赫数和攻角变化曲线。仿真结果证实了理论分析的正确性,并发现进气道变结构实现了发动机大范围内高性能工作;进气道高度可变,使得发动机在亚燃和超燃模态均能正常起动和稳定工作;以高马赫数作为设计马赫数,变结构设计后,发动机性能提高。     

进口水平投影可控的流线追踪内收缩进气道设计

为了满足两侧进气布局飞行器的乘波前体与进气道一体化设计要求,提出了一种进口水平投影可控的流线追踪内收缩进气道设计方法。基于马赫数分布可控的轴对称基准流场,在指定进口水平投影为椭圆的条件下,采用该方法设计了内收缩进气道并在设计点(Ma=5.4)和接力点(Ma=4.0)对其进行数值研究。结果表明,设计点时进气道都能保持基准流场的波系结构和沿程压力分布,无粘时可以全捕获自由来流,喉道性能与基准流场几乎相等。有粘条件下,设计点和接力点时进气道具有较高的压缩效率和良好的流量捕获能力,接力点的流量系数高达0.85。该设计方法为内收缩进气道与乘波前体的一体化设计提供了新途径。     

高超声速进气道起动特性数值研究

进气道的起动能力决定着冲压发动机可能的工作范围,针对由于来流马赫数引起的进气道不起动现象,采用CFD技术开展了高超声速二维进气道起动与不起动过程的数值计算,并检验了一种改善进气道起动性能的边界层抽吸法。结果表明,进气道不起动的主要原因是非定常过程引起的内收缩段边界层分离和分离激波,进气道性能变化的突跃点为起动和不起动的分界点,边界层抽吸可以明显改善进气道的起动性能。     

一种外并联式TBCC变几何进气道的设计

对一种Ma=0～7的二元外并联式TBCC变几何进气道设计开展了研究,给出了进气道总体设计思路、气动型面设计过程、变几何调节规律以及流场控制方案。初步数值仿真结果表明,该进气道满足预期的流量捕获需求,高速通道Ma=4和Ma=7时的喉道总压恢复系数分别为0.62和0.45,低速通道Ma=2.3和Ma=4时的喉道总压恢复系数分别为0.97和0.73;该变几何进气道在模态转换过程可以正常工作,没有明显的流动分离出现;由于侧板溢流,三维计算结果下的总压恢复系数与流量系数略低于二维计算结果。对三维外并联TBCC变几何进气道开展了涡轮通道扩压段设计及数值仿真研究,给出了三维模型的气动特性及涡轮通道的反压特性。     

挡板对四模块可调进气道特性的影响

针对RBCC发动机Ma=2.5～7.0宽范围工作要求,设计了顶板部分可调的四模块二元变几何进气道,并研究了挡板对其总体性能和流场结构的影响.数值计算结果表明:进气道整个工作范围内总体性能较优,特别是流量捕获能力.带挡板时进气道流场基本保持了二维特征,不带挡板时两侧具有明显的三维特征,压缩效率降低,流量系数显著下降.带挡板时进气道左/右模块性能基本相等,不带挡板时左/右模块差别明显,与右模块相比,左模块基本保持了二维流动特征,压缩效率明显更高.     

三维侧压高超声速进气道不启动流场试验与数值模拟研究

对某构型三维侧压高超声速进气道开展了Ma4的自由射流试验和数值仿真,研究 了低马赫数下不启动流场的流动机理。观测到了具有“对涡”结构的底板油流图案,并得到 了分离区的范围和内部流动特征。分析得出,“对涡”结构油流图案和流场中部分离区的形 成是唇口激波和内收缩形成的逆压梯度作用于侧板激波形成的流场中部低能流区的结果。根 据试验和数值模拟结果给出了流场结构示意图,并为下一步进气道构形设计和性能改善工作 提出了建议。     

Motion of a Planet with a Complex Structure

The motion of a planet consisting of a mantle and a core (solid bodies) connected by a viscoelastic layer and interacting with each other and an external point mass by the law of gravitation is considered. The mutual motions of the core and mantle are investigated assuming that the centers of mass of the planet and external point mass moves along undisturbed Keplerian orbits around the common center of mass of the system. The planetary core and mantle have an axial symmetry and different principal moments of inertia, which leads to a displacement of the center of mantle relative to the center of core and to their mutual rotations. The results obtained on the basis of averaged equations are illustrated by the example of the Earth–Moon system.     

Between a celestial body and a spacecraft: Making the space elevator a success

The space elevator will operate in near-Earth space, under the attraction of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. It will have to avoid collisions with active satellites, with space debris and with meteoroids, not counting other minor adverse phenomena. The exceedingly long cable cannot be a passive and limp body. It must be an active part of the elevator, withstanding lunisolar and other perturbations threatening its stability. The cable must have sensors and thrusters at appropriate locations along the cable. Sensors would serve for detection of objects on a collision course and thrusters for station-keeping and for initiating evasive manoeuvres. Adaptive control must be used for that purpose. Extensive series of numerical simulations will have to be performed to ascertain that the elevator is stable and that possible oscillations do not interfere with the main function of the elevator.     

Equilibrium positions of a weight on a cable fixed to a dumbbell-shaped space station moving along a circular geocentric orbit

The motion of a space object in the gravitational field of the Earth is considered. The object consists of an extended space station and a weight, which is free to move along the cable fixed to the ends of the station. It is assumed that the station is composed of two masses coupled by a weightless rod, while the cable is weightless and non-stretched. The equations of motion of such a system are derived for the case when the motion proceeds in a single plane, while the center of mass of the system moves along a circular geocentric orbit. The conditions of the cable tension (conditions of being on tie) are derived. The phase portrait of the weight motion along the cable is constructed when the station is oriented to the attracting center or is perpendicular to this position. The possibility to leave the tie in this case is analyzed. Equilibrium configurations of the system are found, i.e., such motions of the object under consideration at which the weight does not change its position relative to the station. Lyapunov stability of such configurations is analyzed for two situations: when the station is composed of equal masses and when masses at the ends of the station are different. In particular, for the case of different masses it is established that there exist such positions of equilibrium at which the dumbbell is located at an angle to the direction to the attracting center. In some cases these positions can be stabilized (if the weight is fixed on the cable).     

拆掉阻挡思维的墙——从航天员教员到模拟航天员的跨界选择

当凭借影片《国王的演讲》获得第83届奥斯卡金像奖最佳男主角的科林·弗斯（ColinFirth），在国际顶级生物学学术期刊《Cell》的子期刊《CurrentBiology》上发表了一篇极为专业的科研论文时，全世界一片哗然，为之震惊!当电影《泰坦尼克号》导演、年届57岁的卡梅隆驾驶单人深潜器下潜至马里亚纳海沟海渊底部的时候，我们看到了一个雄心勃勃的跨界玩家。为什么时下如此多的人开始拆掉阻挡思维的墙？因为界外的世界很精彩!     

Navigation Solution to Maneuver a Spacecraft Relative to a Sphere Centered on a Cooperative Satellite

A differential correction algorithm is presented to deliver an impulsive maneuver to a satellite to place it within a sphere, with a user defined radius, centered around a non-maneuvering satellite within a constrained time. The differential correction algorithm develops and utilizes the State Transition Matrix along with the Equations of Motion and multiple satellite?s state information to determine the optimum trajectory to achieve the desired results. The results from the differential correction algorithm are very accurate for prograde orbits, as presented. The results allow for orbit design trade-offs, including satellites? initial inclinations, semi-major axes, as well as the ballistic coefficients. The results also provide an empirical method to determine the optimum ΔV$\mathrm{\Delta }V$ solution for the provided problem. Understanding that the minimum fuel solution lies with a semi-major axis ratio of 1, a very accurate empirical approximation is presented for semi-major axis ratio values less than and greater than 1. This work ultimately provides the generalized framework for applying the algorithm to a unique user defined maneuvering spacecraft scenario.     

Peristaltic transport of a viscoelastic fluid in a channel

This paper is devoted to the study of the peristaltic transport of viscoelastic non-Newtonian fluids with fractional Maxwell model in a channel. Approximate analytical solutions have been constructed using Adomian decomposition method under the assumption of long wave boundary layer type approximation and low Reynolds number. The effects of relaxation time, fractional parameters and amplitude on the pressure difference and friction force along one wavelength are received and analyzed. The study is limited to one way coupling model with forward effect of the fluid on the peristaltic wall. It is evident from the result that pressure diminishes with increase in relaxation time and the effects of both fractional parameters on pressure are opposite to each other. The influences of these parameters on friction force are opposite to that of pressure.     

On Embedding a Qualitative Representation in a Two-Dimensional Plane

Abstract

This paper discusses embedding in a two-dimensional plane a symbolic representation for spatial data using the simple objects, points (P), lines (L), circuits (C), and areas (A). We have proposed PLCA as a new framework for a qualitative spatial reasoning. In a PLCA expression, the entire figure is represented in a form in which all the objects are related. We investigate the conditions for two-dimensional realizability of a PLCA expression, and derive the relation that the numbers of objects in a PLCA expression should have. In this process, we use the well-known Euler's formula. We also give an algorithm for drawing the figure of the PLCA expression that satisfies this condition in a two-dimensional plane and prove its correctness. The algorithm generates a quantitative expression from qualitative expression.     

Optimal Control of a Programmed Turn of a Spacecraft

A problem of optimal turn of a spacecraft is considered. The time of turn is minimized, as well as the functional having a meaning of the propellant consumption. An analytical solution to the problem stated is derived. It is demonstrated that the solution optimal in this sense belongs to a class of two-impulse controls, under which a spacecraft executes the turn along the trajectory of its free motion. The solution obtained in this paper differs from earlier available solutions considerably. The estimations of the propellant consumption for a realization of the programmed turn are made.     

某型卫星有效载荷支架振动抑制

某型号卫星的有效载荷支架结构在验收级振动试验时振动超标。在对结构不做大的修改的前提下，采用约束阻尼层用对原结构进行处理。对不同的约束阻尼层方案采用有限元方法进行计算，综合考虑各种影响因素，如阻尼比和附加质量等，得到合理的约束阻尼减振方案，并在结构星上进行试验，确定最终实施方案。实施方案后，正样星在0．1g振动条件下，最大振动幅值下降了22．3％，保证了卫星的顺利发射。该卫星已经成功发射，并且在轨运行正常。该问题的成功解决和解决问题的方法与过程为今后解决类似问题提供了经验。