中国民用遥感卫星

中国民用遥感卫星经过30多年的努力，现已建成了气象卫星、地球资源卫星和海洋卫星3个卫星系列，形成中国连续稳定运行的民用卫星系统，为国民经济及国防建设提供了大量的空间遥感信息。文章简要论述了中国民用遥感卫星的发展历程、现状和未来的发展设想。     

民用遥感卫星载荷在轨辐射定标与定量应用

文章总结了中国民用卫星载荷特点和现有定标技术概况,确立了适合中国遥感卫星光学载荷特点的在轨场地定标算法流程,并成功应用于民用遥感卫星的辐射性能在轨检校分析;以民用遥感卫星数据为基础,研究典型的陆地特征参量地表反射率和地表温度反演算法,并基于初级产品开展必要的应用示范研究。结果表明:文章规定的定标方法可准确检校卫星载荷在轨辐射性能变化情况,获取的定标系数精度满足后续定量应用的需要,基于中国遥感数据的应用示范效果良好。     

卫星遥感产业化途径探讨

遥感卫星主要由民用遥感卫星和军用遥感卫星两大类组成, 目前民用遥感卫星主要有:气象卫星、海洋卫星、地球观测卫星、环境与灾害监测卫星等;军用遥感卫星主要有:成像侦察卫星、导弹预警卫星、军事气象及海洋环境卫星等。     

“高分二号”卫星数据在遥感地质调查中的初步应用评价

"高分二号"(GF-2)卫星是迄今为止中国研制的空间分辨率最高的民用遥感卫星,标志着中国民用遥感卫星进入亚米级"高分时代"。为了更好地了解卫星的应用性能,充分发挥和利用好GF-2卫星数据在地质矿产调查工作中的应用,尤其是在条件艰苦地区和境外区域。文章利用GF-2卫星在新疆哈密地区的相关影像数据开展了遥感地质调查应用评价,从数据处理、地质构造信息提取、地层及岩体等岩性信息的识别,以及可识别地质体精度等方面分别进行评价。结果表明,GF-2卫星数据能有效地划分遥感影像地质单元、识别地质构造空间展布特征,很好地满足优于1∶25 000尺度的遥感地质调查工作,可为地质矿产资源调查及评价提供强有力的数据支撑。     

民用卫星遥感图像的军事应用可能性浅析

民用卫星遥感图像的军事应用可能性浅析王景泉随着冷战的结束和世界格局的变化，民用卫星遥感图像市场正在形成并扩大。越来越多的侦察级民用卫星遥感系统即将陆续投入使用，卫星侦察信息在国家间交流日益增多，使得卫星侦察似有走向商业化和国际化之趋势。民用卫星遥感图...     

中国遥感卫星地面站及其发展

一、中国遥感卫星地面站的宗旨和机构中国遥感卫星地面站的宗旨是：接收、处理、存档和分发遥感卫星数据，为全国及全球的遥感应用服务。中国遥感卫星地面站的建立，是1979年在邓小平同志访问美国期间签署的中美两国政府间科学技术合作协议的重要成果。作为民用的国家信息资源基础设施，中国遥感卫星地面站的建制隶属于中国科学院，并在国家计划委员会、国家科学技术委员会、国防科工委和财政部的领导、协调和支持下开展业务活动。中国遥感卫星地面站拥有工作人员200名，其中科学家、工程师和技术人员150名。经过10年的论证和建设，中国遥感…     

“高分四号”卫星遥感技术创新

"高分四号"卫星是中国首颗地球静止轨道高分辨率光学遥感卫星,是国家高分辨率对地观测系统重大专项工程的重要组成部分。"高分四号"卫星将高时间分辨率和较高空间分辨率相结合,为减灾、气象、地震和林业等多个行业的应用提供遥感数据服务,并为海洋、国土和水利等行业以及国防建设提供遥感数据支持,实现中国民用高分卫星研制和卫星遥感应用领域的新突破。文章分析了"高分四号"卫星在运行轨道、探测手段、控制体制等多方面的任务特点,总结了卫星总体设计技术、高精度控制技术、复杂条件下像质保障技术、高精度热控技术、高可靠长寿命技术等创新点,为中国静止轨道高分辨率光学遥感领域后续发展提出重要建议。     

国外遥感政策与法规研究

经过几十年的发展,卫星遥感系统已经日臻成熟,全球军用、民用与商业遥感卫星数量日益增加。当前国际上约有51个国家拥有或者运营着高分辨率卫星遥感系统,遥感数据广泛用于国家安全、外交政策、全球环境变化和科学研究等领域,由此也形成了对成熟数据政策法律框架的强烈需求。     

环境减灾-1A、1B卫星技术

"环境与灾害监测预报小卫星星座"A、B卫星(环境减灾-1A、1B卫星,简称HJ-1A、1B卫星)是我国新一代民用光学对地遥感小卫星,具有48h对中国境内及周边地区实现无缝覆盖观测的能力.文章介绍了HJ-1A、1B卫星的主要技术方案、技术创新点和特点,以及在轨各种光学相机的使用效果和主要应用领域,可为我国后续环境减灾监测预报遥感小卫星系列发展提供有益的技术参考.     

2012年全球遥感卫星市场概述

按照最具权威的世界卫星咨询机构——欧洲咨询公司的分类方法,遥感卫星市场包括民用和商业对地观测卫星.本文将对2012年民用和商业对地观测卫星市场进行慨述和分析. 一、2012全球遥感卫星发射情况 2012年全球共发射了11颗遥感卫星(不包括遥感技术试验和科学研究卫星),其中中国发射了3颗(资源3号、天绘1号02星和环境1C),法国发射了2颗(斯波特6和昴星团1B),印度发射了1颗("雷达成像卫星"1),韩国发射了1颗("韩国多用途星" 3),俄罗斯发射了1颗(老人星V1),白俄罗斯发射了1颗(白俄星),委内瑞拉发射了1颗("委内瑞拉遥感卫星"1),土耳其发射了1颗(突厥2).     

CHEOS Major Special Project Promotes Development of Chinese Commercial Remote Sensing Cameras

High resolution remote sensing data has been applied in many fields such as national security, economic construction and in the daily life of the general public around the world, creating a huge market. Commercial remote sensing cameras have been developed vigorously throughout the world over the last few decades, resulting in resolutions down to 0.31 m. In 2010, the Chinese government approved the implementation of the China High-resolution Earth Observation System(CHEOS) Major Special Project, giving priority to development of high resolution remote sensing satellites. More than half of CHEOS has been constructed to date and 5 satellites operate in orbit. These cameras have different characteristics. A number of innovative technologies have been adopted, which have led to camera performance increasing in leaps and bounds. The products and the production capability enables the remote sensing technical level to increase making it on a par with Europe and the US.     

CRESDA and CBERS Program

China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application (CRESDA) was founded on October 5,1991. According to the country’s strategy of developing land observation satellite, CRESDA has built a large ground system infrastructure for civil remote sensing satellites, providing     

20世纪中国的航天返回与遥感

介绍了中国在20世纪发射的返回式航天器和光学型对地观测类卫星、研制成功的航天光学遥感器和建成的卫星对地观测信息应用系统 ,展示了中国在航天返回与遥感领域取得的进展     

Could civil satellites monitor nuclear tests?

As the momentum for further cuts in nuclear weapons grows and fears of nuclear proliferation increase, the need to monitor nuclear testing is becoming more pressing. While military observation satellites are already used for this purpose, this article argues that greater independence and impartiality could be achieved through the use of civilian remote sensing satellites, whose images could be made available to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). How images from space are processed and interpreted is described, as is how civil satellites might be used to verify a comprehensive test ban treaty. Four options open to the IAEA for utilizing remotely sensed images are discussed.     

我国卫星光学遥感技术的成就与新世纪展望

介绍我国已发射的光学型对地观测卫星和研制成功的航天光学遥感器 ,展示中国在卫星遥感领域取得的成就 ,并展望新世纪卫星光学遥感技术的发展     

测绘卫星技术总体发展和现状

测绘卫星作为高分辨率对地观测系统的基本组成部分,其传感器技术的发展与应用日新月异。文章分析和总结国际测绘卫星的技术特点及应用现状,并简要介绍中国的首颗民用立体测绘卫星———"资源三号"设计及地面应用情况。最后根据现阶段中国国内的发展需求,提出了中国未来测绘卫星及技术的发展方向。     

中国返回式卫星遥感和科学试验

文章简述了中国的3种返回式卫星的发展 ,即FSW—0、FSW—1和FSW—2卫星 ,介绍了返回式卫星各种分系统。文章从卫星遥感成果和搭载科学试验两个方面阐述了这些成果     

WorldView系列卫星设计状态分析与启示

WorldView 系列卫星是目前世界商业卫星中分辨率较高的光学遥感卫星。文章从卫星总体设计角度介绍了WorldView 系列卫星技术指标,分析了卫星敏捷机动工作能力、构形布局设计、平台和载荷一体化设计和微振动抑制设计等,梳理出国外先进遥感卫星的发展趋势,以此为基础提出了对我国新一代光学遥感卫星的设计启示。     

Earth observation using low cost micro/minisatellites

Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) at the University of Surrey (UK) has pioneered cost-effective satellite engineering techniques for smaller, faster, cheaper satellites to provide affordable access to space. SSTL has designed, built, launched and operated a series of twelve 50kg microsatellites in low Earth orbit which carry a wide range of satellite communications, space science, remote sensing and in-orbit technology demonstration payloads — for both civil and military applications. Each of these has been built and launched for around US$3M. This paper reviews SSTL's remote sensing capabilities and presents image results from the microsatellite cameras in low Earth in orbit. The latest microsatellites (TMSAT & FASat-Bravo) under construction at SSTL and due for launch in mid-1997 will provide 3-band multispectral imaging with 80-metre resolution; autonomous on-board image analysis, processing and compression prior to transmission direct to ground-based users employing small portable terminals.     

Cost-driven design of small satellite remote sensing systems*

Earth remote sensing (alongside communications) is one of the key application of Earth-orbiting satellites. Civilian satellites in the LANDSAT and SPOT series provide Earth images which have been used for a vast spectrum of applications in agriculture, meteorology, hydrology, urban planning and geology, to name but a few. In the defence sector, satellite remote sensing systems are a critical tool in strategic and tactical planning – for the countries which can afford them. To date, remote sensing satellites have fallen into one of these two categories: military missions driven by the requirement for very high resolution and orbital agility; and multipurpose civil satellites using general purpose sensors to serve a diverse community of end users. For military-style missions, the drive to high resolution sets the requirements for optics, attitude control and downlink data bandwidth. For civil missions, the requirement to satisfy multiple, diverse user applications forces compromises on spectral band and orbit selection. Although there are exceptions, many small satellite remote sensing missions carry on in this tradition, concentrating on ultra high resolution products for multiple user communities. This results in satellites costing on the order of US $100 M, not optimised for any particular application. This paper explores an alternative path to satellite remote sensing, aiming simultaneously to reduce cost and to optimise imaging products for specific applications. By decreasing the cost of the remote sensing satellite system to a critical point, it becomes appropriate to optimise the sensor's spectral and temporal characteristics to fit the requirements of a small, specialised user base. The critical engineering trade-off faced in a cost driven mission is how to reduce mission cost while still delivering a useful product to the selected user. At the Surrey Space Centre, we have pursued an engineering path using two dimensional CCD array sensors, commercial off-the-shelf lenses and gravity-gradient stabilised microsatellites. In spite of the inherent limitations of such systems, recent successes with the Thai Microsatellite Company's Thai-Phutt satellite show that a system costing in the region of US $3 million, can approach the spectral and spatial characteristics of LANDSAT. Surrey's UoSAT-12 minisatellite (to be launched April, 1999) will further develop this cost-driven approach to provide 10 m panchromatic resolution and 30 m multi-spectral resolution. This paper describes the Thai-Phutt and UoSAT-12 imaging systems, explaining the engineering methods and trade-offs. Although Surrey is presently the only centre presently pursuing such implementations, our paper shows that they deserve wider consideration.