共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 119 毫秒
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月球水冰探测对未来载人月球探测以及构建月球基地意义重大。在继"克莱门汀"(Clementine)、"月球勘探者"(Lunar Prospector)和"智能一号"(SMART-1)等月球探测器的探测后,美国的"月球勘测轨道器"(LRO)和"月球环形山观测与遥感卫星"(LCROSS)实施了月球极区永久阴影区撞击和观测,初步验证了水冰资源的存在。文章通过系统分析月球水冰的重要性、可能来源、探测历程和探测手段,初步提出我国开展月球水冰探测的载荷初步配置。 相似文献
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针对月球极区永久阴影坑深低温环境下,月壤水冰的硬度和机械强度很高,铲挖、钻进等常规采样方式难以实现低耗、快速采样的问题,提出了利用火工爆燃作动的动能侵彻方式快速构建月壤剖面孔洞,利用机械臂将采样工具送至孔内实施样品精确采集的新采样方法,并据此设计了新型月壤水冰采样系统。设计并研制了侵彻单元工程样机,基于力学等效性原则制备了拟实靶体,对工程样机的侵彻效能开展了试验验证。试验结果表明,对于单轴抗压强度30 MPa的模拟月壤水冰力学等效物能实现快速侵彻,侵彻深度可达234 mm,侵彻时间优于1 s。提出的侵彻式造孔和采样方法具有轻量化、低能耗、高效率、高强度月壤对象突破能力强等突出优势,可为后续月壤水冰采样探测任务提供有益借鉴。 相似文献
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基于已有的月球探测数据,对月球极区和中低纬地区的环境差异,以及月球南极和北极的地形、坡度、光照、撞击坑分布等着陆探测相关环境进行了对比研究。结果显示:相比月球中低纬地区,极区地形起伏更大、平均温度更低;月球南极整体地形起伏和坡度比北极更大,着陆难度更高;月球南极的永久阴影区集中度更高,单个永久阴影区的面积更大,而永久阴影坑是赋存水冰的最佳位置,因此南极更易获得相关探测成果;月球南极的长期光照区范围要明显大于北极,可为探测器的能源需求提供更好的保障。文章综合以上研究成果认为,从探测目的和维持长期探测的需求角度出发,月球南极着陆环境优于北极和中低纬地区。 相似文献
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《航天器环境工程》2019,(6)
月球表面以银河宇宙射线(GCR)为主引发的次生伽马谱和次生中子谱表征月壤的元素组成以及水冰含量,对于下一阶段的月球探测与资源原位利用是值得研究的重要内容。文章通过蒙特卡罗方法简单模拟与分析银河宇宙射线环境下月球表面簇射的伽马与中子辐射环境,结果表明:月球次生伽马谱具有明显的氢(2.23 MeV)、铝(0.83 MeV)、钙(3.53 MeV)、氧(6.13 MeV)、硅(1.77 MeV)谱线特征,水含量对其影响不大,但在高水含量时氢的谱线更为明显;月球表面次生中子谱形与月壤中水冰含量密切相关,随水冰含量增加热中子通量下降,0.01 eV中子的通量在20%含水量时比不含水时下降了72%。建议在后期月球探测计划中使用小型、低功耗的中子/伽马复合探测器,实现我国首次原位月球伽马/中子辐射环境探测,为未来进一步勘探月球原位水资源、矿产资源积累反演的基线数据。 相似文献
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NASA于9月24日宣布其科学家已在月球极区发现了水分子,并宣布在火星中纬度地区新形成的陨石坑内发现了水冰。这两项发现发表在次日出版的《科学》杂志上。 相似文献
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文章针对未来有人参与的月球探测任务,首先开展了月球表面环境地面模拟试验验证需求分析,归纳总结了国内外技术发展现状。然后,提出并分析了载人月球探测地面模拟试验需重点研究的关键技术:真空热环境下月面移动式多体低重力模拟技术;复杂月面环境高精度热流模拟技术;大容量布尘条件下超高真空获得与保持技术;月面辐射与月尘环境模拟技术;月尘防护效能量化评估技术;月面综合环境试验验证技术等。最后,给出了面向载人月球探测的月面环境模拟试验技术研究总体方案,并对月面环境模拟试验技术的发展目标进行了展望。 相似文献
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基于月壤和水冰对不同谱段近红外激光存在吸收/反射差异性的特点,提出了采用多模近红外激光光强差异反演月壤含水特性的水冰原位快速预判方法。通过发射/接收光路同轴设计及多模激光光路分时复用设计,实现了多模激光光学系统轻小型化设计,研制出基于多模近红外激光的月壤水冰原位快速预判传感器工程样机,并开展了针对低含水率极区模拟月壤的含水特性原位预判试验。试验结果表明:该传感器水冰检测限可达0.39%,单次预判时间可优于1 s,光斑直径@检测距离为5 cm@500 mm,传感器具备对地面模拟月壤含水特性进行原位快速预判的能力。 相似文献
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Chandrayaan-1 is the first Indian planetary exploration mission that will perform remote sensing observation of the Moon to further our understanding about its origin and evolution. Hyper-spectral studies in the 0.4– region using three different imaging spectrometers, coupled with a low energy X-ray spectrometer, a sub-keV atom analyzer, a 3D terrain mapping camera and a laser ranging instrument will provide data on mineralogical and chemical composition and topography of the lunar surface at high spatial resolution. A low energy gamma ray spectrometer and a miniature imaging radar will investigate volatile transport on lunar surface and possible presence of water ice in the polar region. A radiation dose monitor will provide an estimation of energetic particle flux en route to the Moon as well as in lunar orbit. An impact probe carrying a mass spectrometer will also be a part of the spacecraft. The 1 ton class spacecraft will be launched by using a variant of flight proven indigenous Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-XL). The spacecraft will be finally placed in a 100 km circular polar orbit around the Moon with a planned mission life of two years. 相似文献
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Duke MB 《Acta Astronautica》2002,50(6):379-383
The Clementine mission has revived interest in the possibility that ice exists in shadowed craters near the lunar poles. Theoretically, the problem is complex, with several possible sources of water (meteoroid, asteroid, comet impact), several possible loss mechanisms (impact vaporization, sputtering, photoionization), and burial by meteorite impact. Opinions of modelers have ranged from no ice to several times 10(16) g of ice in the cold traps. Clementine bistatic radar data have been interpreted in favor of the presence of ice, while Arecibo radar data do not confirm its presence. The Lunar Prospector mission, planned to be flown in the fall of 1997, could gather new evidence for the existence of ice. If ice is present, both scientific and utilitarian objectives would be addressed by a lunar polar rover, such as that proposed to the NASA Discovery program, but not selected. The lunar polar rover remains the best way to understand the distribution and characteristics of lunar polar ice. 相似文献
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C S Cockell 《Acta Astronautica》2001,49(12):693-706
The Martian polar ice caps are regions of substantial scientific interest, being the most dynamic regions of Mars. They are volatile sinks and thus closely linked to Martian climatic conditions. Because of their scale and the precedent set by the past history of polar exploration on Earth, it is likely that an age of polar exploration will emerge on the surface of Mars after the establishment of a capable support structure at lower latitudes. Expeditions might be launched either from a lower latitude base camp or from a human-tended polar base. Based on previously presented expeditionary routes to the Martian poles, in this paper a "spiral in-spiral out" unsupported transpolar assault on the Martian north geographical pole is used as a Reference expedition to propose new types of equipment for the human polar exploration of Mars. Martian polar "ball" tents and "hover" modifications to the Nansen sledge for sledging on CO2-containing water ice substrates under low atmospheric pressures are suggested as elements for the success of these endeavours.Other challenges faced by these expeditions are quantitatively and qualitatively addressed. 相似文献
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针对月面钻取采样装置的回转齿轮副啮合热进行理论分析,依据辐射换热定律建立了理论温升模型;模拟实际月面真空、带载工况并开展试验研究。分析了啮合热在月面高真空环境的制约条件下,向机体外传播的方式、传热途径以及散发不畅时的积聚作用对附近运动副工作特性的影响。研究结果表明:回转齿轮副作为钻具驱动单元动力传递的中间环节,在20Nm负载转矩工况下持续运行40分钟,理论预测最大温升28.66℃,与试验测量的最大温升结果28℃相吻合,充分验证了钻进驱动单元热设计的正确性,准确地识别出回转齿轮副啮合热积聚的潜在风险。 相似文献