城市住宅电气设计中应注意的几个问题

在目前住宅电气应用的基础上，对影响住宅电气设计的因素，如负荷计算、供电系统、配电系统、弱电设计、插座布置等进行分析，从住宅电气设计角度提出提高住宅电气设计安全性和可靠性的技术措施。     

现代集合住宅户型设计中功能空间分析感悟

本文从集合住宅的发展谈起,简单提出几点设计新概念,重点对住宅户型设计中的功能空间进行探讨和分析.     

城市住宅电气设计中应注意的几个问题

在目前住宅电气应用的基础上,对影响住宅电气设计的因素,如负荷计算、供电系统、配电系统、弱电设计、插座布置等进行分析,从住宅电气设计角度提出提高住宅电气设计安全性和可靠性的技术措施.     

城郊低密度住宅建筑探讨

本文以作者的实践经验为基础，对低密度住宅的规划及设计要点进行探讨。     

城郊低密度住宅建筑探讨

本文以作者的实践经验为基础,对低密度住宅的规划及设计要点进行探讨.     

重庆市住宅节能现状调研分析

论文通过对重庆市现有住宅建筑的调查,对重庆市的住宅建筑节能状况和人们对住宅节能改造的看法和认可程度进行实地调研,得出需要改造的重庆市典型住宅的模型.为今后提供可实际操作的节能技术做基础资料,并为相关部门制定政策提供参考依据,为重庆市节能改造工作的进行提供建议和意见.     

廊坊市多层及小高层钢结构住宅结构选型

介绍目前多层及小高层钢结构住宅采用的几种典型的结构体系,总结各结构体系的受力特点及应用;通过对不同结构体系的分析比较,初步认为钢框架—支撑体系和钢框架—钢板剪力墙体系更适合8度抗震设防区Ⅲ类场地的多层及小高层钢结构住宅。     

关于北方地区住宅阳台空间的分析

从新疆地区的住宅阳台近十多年的设计和使用状况分析，根据有关空间设计的原理，提出阳台设计和改造的思路。     

城市轨道交通对周边住宅类房地产价格的增值效应分析

本文采用市场分析、市场调查、市民问卷调查等形式,以武汉市地铁2号线为例,分析城市轨道交通对沿线居民住宅房地产价格的增值效应。通过分析发现:轨道交通沿线房地产价格的影响存在着一定的规律,通过对这一规律的深入研究,得出每靠近武汉地铁2号线100m将会产生24.1元/m2的增值的结论。     

关于北方地区住宅阳台空间的分析

从新疆地区的住宅阳台近十多年的设计和使用状况分析,根据有关空间设计的原理,提出阳台设计和改造的思路.     

飞行过载下燃烧室凝相粒子沉积特征数值研究

固体发动机燃烧室部分凝相粒子在飞行过载作用下产生沉积,严重影响发动机工作性能。通过确定燃烧室粒子参数和建立燃烧室内两相流场数值方法,获得了发动机不同轴向过载下粒子运动及沉积规律。与试验数据进行对比分析,验证了计算方法的准确性。数值结果表明,随着轴向过载增大,后封头及喷管潜入段粒子沉积质量逐渐增大。沉积粒子粒径大于凝相粒子平均值,即粒子粒径越大,越容易沉积。轴向过载增大,减小了粒子在发动机内部的驻留时间,凝相粒子平均驻留时间均大于0.13 s。     

能源合理利用与人类住区的可持续发展

本文针对近期石油涨价以及全社会都在提倡节约的大气候,从现有能源的利用和新能源的开发两大方面谈能源合理利用与人类住区的可持续发展过程中应注意的问题,并提出相应的看法和建议。     

基于Modelica的载人航天器环热控系统建模仿真

为了给载人航天器乘员营造一个良好的生活工作环境,需要将众多空气环境参数控制在指标范围内。文章结合载人航天器专业知识,基于Modelica统一建模语言建立了一种载人航天器环热控系统仿真分析模型;利用该模型仿真分析了温湿度控制风机取不同转速时,载人航天器空气环境参数随乘员代谢水平的变化趋势。结果表明:在其他参数不变的情况下,温湿度控制风机转速越大,空气温度越低,相对湿度越高;乘员代谢水平变化对空气环境参数有显著影响,通过调节系统运行参数可将各空气参数有效控制在指标范围内。舱体温度与氧分压、二氧化碳分压、舱体相对湿度有密切关系且相互影响,不可单独分析。     

Large eddy simulation based studies of jet–cavity interactions in a supersonic flow

Interactions of a cavity flameholder with an upstream injected jet in a Ma 2.52 supersonic flow are investigated numerically. A hybrid RANS/LES (Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes/Large Eddy Simulation) method acting as wall-modeled LES is adopted, for which the recycling/rescaling method is introduced to treat the unsteady turbulent inflow. Patterns of the fluid entrainment into the cavity and escape from the cavity are identified using a scalar-tracing method. It is found that the jet–cavity interactions remarkably enhanced the mass exchange between the fluids in and out of the cavity, resulting in reduced residence time of the cavity fluids. Increasing the distance between the fuel injection and the cavity leading edge tends to attenuate the jet–cavity interactions, leading to weaker mass exchange. Raising the injection pressure appears to enhance the jet–cavity interactions, resulting in a shorter residence time of the cavity fluids. Moreover, the mass decay processes for the fuel and air within the cavity are basically the same while the entrainment processes for the fuel and air into the cavity seem quite different.     

粉末燃料冲压发动机燃烧室两相流数值模拟

采用颗粒轨道模型对镁粉燃料冲压发动机的两相流场进行了三维数值模拟,目的是为进一步的实验研究提供指导和参考。结合理论性能分析,提出了一种发动机构型,通过数值模拟分析了颗粒粒径、产物相态等因素对该发动机燃烧效率的影响。结果表明,粉末燃料的粒径较小时点火延迟时间短,颗粒在发动机中的滞留时间长,燃料燃烧效率较高。     

载人航天器密封舱地面微生物控制与检测

研究载人航天器密封舱微生物控制技术的目的是指导后续长期驻留阶段密封舱微生物的控制工作。文章以某中短期驻留载人航天器为例,分析了航天器发射前地面研制阶段微生物控制的关键因素,提出了控制方法,并对舱内微生物控制情况进行了实际检测。测试结果表明微生物控制水平满足驻留要求,控制措施有效。     

硼粒子直径对点火位置及燃烧效率的影响研究

采用颗粒轨道模型对非壅塞固冲发动机补燃室内不同直径硼粒子的点火及燃烧进行了数值模拟。其中,气相反应简化为一种等效气体的燃烧,硼粒子与O2的燃烧反应模型采用涡耗散模型。硼粒子的点火过程采用King模型,燃烧过程采用化学动力学控制的燃烧模型。结果表明,直径较小的硼粒子能够在补燃室头部点火,且能随气流旋转,驻留时间较长,燃烧较为充分,直径较大的硼粒子与此相反。     

固体火箭冲压发动机二次燃烧试验研究

针对某工程论证需求,分别采用缩比和全尺寸固体火箭冲压发动机,利用地面直连试验系统,开展了壅塞式固体火箭冲压发动机试验研究,采用燃烧效率和试验比冲作为评价指标,对比分析了燃气发生器进气方式与喷嘴结构、空燃比、燃气流驻留时间、尺寸效应等因素对发动机二次燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,设计的一次进气发动机能够实现高效燃烧;在测试范围内,空燃比增大发动机燃烧效率降低;延长燃气驻留时间,提高了发动机二次燃烧性能。     

Engaging space: extraterrestrial architecture and the human psyche

The human fascination with exploring and inhabiting the space that lies beyond Earth's atmosphere continues to grow. Nevertheless, 40 years of experience to date have clearly established that humans in outer space routinely suffer significant psychological impairment arising from their stressful extraterrestrial living conditions. This paper explores those extraterrestrial conditions through the interactions between the extraordinarily harsh environment of outer space, the sensations that humans encounter in space, and the qualities of a habitat that physically interposes itself between the two. The objective of this paper is to develop a habitat that expresses the extraterrestrial condition while supporting the mental health of its inhabitants, so as to augment the success of prolonged extraterrestrial residence and interplanetary travel.     

Review of wet environment types on Mars with focus on duration and volumetric issues

The astrobiological significance of certain environment types on Mars strongly depends on the temperature, duration, and chemistry of liquid water that was present there in the past. Recent works have focused on the identification of signs of ancient water on Mars, as it is more difficult to estimate the above-mentioned parameters. In this paper, two important factors are reviewed, the duration and the volume of water at different environment types on past and present Mars. Using currently available information, we can only roughly estimate these values, but as environment types show characteristic differences in this respect, it is worth comparing them and the result may have importance for research in astrobiology. Impact-induced and geothermal hydrothermal systems, lakes, and valley networks were in existence on Mars over the course of from 10(2) to 10(6) years, although they would have experienced substantially different temperature regimes. Ancient oceans, as well as water in outflow channels and gullies, and at the microscopic scale as interfacial water layers, would have had inherently different times of duration and overall volume: oceans may have endured from 10(4) to 10(6) years, while interfacial water would have had the smallest volume and residence time of liquid phase on Mars. Martian wet environments with longer residence times of liquid water are believed to have existed for that amount of time necessary for life to develop on Earth between the Late Heavy Bombardment and the age of the earliest fossil record. The results of this review show the necessity for more detailed analysis of conditions within geothermal heat-induced systems to reconstruct the conditions during weathering and mineral alteration, as well as to search for signs of reoccurring wet periods in ancient crater lakes.